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s；　or　the　tenth　with　that　of　Eusebius；　is　very　uncertain；　so　we　had　best　follow　Josephus's　own　account　elsewhere；　Antiq。　；B。　XI。　ch。　3。　sect。　4；　which　shows　us　that　according　to　his　copy　of　the　Old　Testament；　after　the　second　of　Cyrus；　that　work　was　interrupted　till　the　second　of　Darius；　when　in　seven　years　it　was　finished　in　the　ninth　of　Darius。

（15）　This　is　a　thing　well　known　by　the　learned；　that　we　are　not　secure　that　we　have　any　genuine　writings　of　Pythagoras；　those　Golden　Verses；　which　are　his　best　remains；　being　generally　supposed　to　have　been　written　not　by　himself；　but　by　some　of　his　scholars　only；　in　agreement　with　what　Josephus　here　affirms　of　him。

（16）　Whether　these　verses　of　Cherilus；　the　heathen　poet；　in　the　days　of　Xerxes；　belong　to　the　Solymi　in　Pisidia；　that　were　near　a　small　lake；　or　to　the　Jews　that　dwelt　on　the　Solymean　or　Jerusalem　mountains；　near　the　great　and　broad　lake　Asphaltitis；　that　were　a　strange　people；　and　spake　the　Phoenician　tongue；　is　not　agreed　on　by　the　learned。　If　is　yet　certain　that　Josephus　here；　and　Eusebius；　Prep。　IX。　9。　p。　412；　took　them　to　be　Jews；　and　I　confess　I　cannot　but　very　much　incline　to　the　same　opinion。　The　other　Solymi　were　not　a　strange　people；　but　heathen　idolaters；　like　the　other　parts　of　Xerxes's　army；　and　that　these　spake　the　Phoenician　tongue　is　next　to　impossible；　as　the　Jews　certainly　did；　nor　is　there　the　least　evidence　for　it　elsewhere。　Nor　was　the　lake　adjoining　to　the　mountains　of　the　Solvmi　at　all　large　or　broad；　in　comparison　of　the　Jewish　lake　Asphaltitis；　nor　indeed　were　these　so　considerable　a　people　as　the　Jews；　nor　so　likely　to　be　desired　by　Xerxes　for　his　army　as　the　Jews；　to　whom　he　was　always　very　favorable。　As　for　the　rest　of　Cherilus's　description；　that　〃their　heads　were　sooty；　that　they　had　round　rasures　on　their　heads；　that　their　heads　and　faces　were　like　nasty　horse…heads；　which　had　been　hardened　in　the　smoke；〃　these　awkward　characters　probably　fitted　the　Solymi　of　Pisidi　no　better　than　they　did　the　Jews　in　Judea。　And　indeed　this　reproachful　language；　here　given　these　people；　is　to　me　a　strong　indication　that　they　were　the　poor　despicable　Jews；　and　not　the　Pisidian　Solymi　celebrated　in　Homer；　whom　Cherilus　here　describes；　nor　are　we　to　expect　that　either　Cherilus　or　Hecateus；　or　any　other　pagan　writers　cited　by　Josephus　and　Eusebius；　made　no　mistakes　in　the　Jewish　history。　If　by　comparing　their　testimonies　with　the　more　authentic　records　of　that　nation　we　find　them　for　the　main　to　confirm　the　same；　as　we　almost　always　do；　we　ought　to　be　satisfied；　and　not　expect　that　they　ever　had　an　exact　knowledge　of　all　the　circumstances　of　the　Jewish　affairs；　which　indeed　it　was　almost　always　impossible　for　them　to　have。　See　sect。　23。

（17）　This　Hezekiah；　who　is　here　called　a　high　priest；　is　not　named　in　Josephus's　catalogue；　the　real　high　priest　at　that　time　being　rather　Onias；　as　Archbishop　Usher　supposes。　However；　Josephus　often　uses　the　word　high　priests　in　the　plural　number；　as　living　many　at　the　same　time。　See　the　note　on　Antiq。　B。　XX。　ch。　8。　sect。　8。

（18）　So　I　read　the　text　with　Havercamp；　though　the　place　be　difficult。

（19）　This　number　of　arourae　or　Egyptian　acres；　3；000；000；　each　aroura　containing　a　square　of　100　Egyptian　cubits；　（being　about　three　quarters　of　an　English　acre；　and　just　twice　the　area　of　the　court　of　the　Jewish　tabernacle；）　as　contained　in　the　country　of　Judea；　will　be　about　one　third　of　the　entire　number　of　arourae　in　the　whole　land　of　Judea；　supposing　it　160　measured　miles　long　and　70　such　miles　broad；　which　estimation；　for　the　fruitful　parts　of　it；　as　perhaps　here　in　Hecateus；　is　not　therefore　very　wide　from　the　truth。　The　fifty　furlongs　in　compass　for　the　city　Jerusalem　presently　are　not　very　wide　from　the　truth　also；　as　Josephus　himself　describes　it；　who；　Of　the　War；　B。　V。　ch。　4。　sect。　3。　makes　its　wall　thirty…three　furlongs；　besides　the　suburbs　and　gardens；　nay；　he　says；　B。　V。　ch。　12。　sect。　2；　that　Titus's　wall　about　it　at　some　small　distance；　after　the　gardens　and　suburbs　were　destroyed；　was　not　less　than　thirty…nine　furlongs。　Nor　perhaps　were　its　constant　inhabitants；　in　the　days　of　Hecateus；　many　more　than　these　120；000；　because　room　was　always　to　be　left　for　vastly　greater　numbers　which　came　up　at　the　three　great　festivals；　to　say　nothing　of　the　probable　increase　in　their　number　between　the　days　of　Hecateus　and　Josephus；　which　was　at　least　three　hundred　years。　But　see　a　more　authentic　account　of　some　of　these　measures　in　my　Description　of　the　Jewish　Temples。　However；　we　are　not　to　expect　that　such　heathens　as　Cherilus　or　Hecateus；　or　the　rest　that　are　cited　by　Josephus　and　Eusebius；　could　avoid　making　many　mistakes　in　the　Jewish　history；　while　yet　they　strongly　confirm　the　same　history　in　the　general；　and　are　most　valuable　attestations　to　those　more　authentic　accounts　we　have　in　the　Scriptures　and　Josephus　concerning　them。

（20）　A　glorious　testimony　this　of　the　observation　of　the　sabbath　by　the　Jews。　See　Antiq。　B。　XVI。　ch。　2。　sect。　4；　and　ch。　6。　sect。　2；　the　Life；　sect。　54；　and　War；　B。　IV。　ch。　9。　sect。　12。

（21）　Not　their　law；　but　the　superstitious　interpretation　of　their　leaders　which　neither　the　Maccabees　nor　our　blessed　Savior　did　ever　approve　of。

（22）　In　reading　this　and　the　remaining　sections　of　this　book；　and　some　parts　of　the　next；　one　may　easily　perceive　that　our　usually　cool　and　candid　author；　Josephus；　was　too　highly　offended　with　the　impudent　calumnies　of　Manethe；　and　the　other　bitter　enemies　of　the　Jews；　with　whom　he　had　now　to　deal；　and　was　thereby　betrayed　into　a　greater　heat　and　passion　than　ordinary；　and　that　by　consequence　he　does　not　hear　reason　with　his　usual　fairness　and　impartiality；　he　seems　to　depart　sometimes　from　the　brevity　and　sincerity　of　a　faithful　historian；　which　is　his　grand　character；　and　indulges　the　prolixity　and　colors　of　a　pleader　and　a　disputant：　accordingly；　I　confess；　I　always　read　these　sections　with　less　pleasure　than　I　do　the　rest　of　his　writings；　though　I　fully　believe　the　reproaches　cast　on　the　Jews；　which　he　here　endeavors　to　confute　and　expose；　were　wholly　groundless　and　unreasonable。

（23）　This　is　a　very　valuable　testimony　of　Manetho；　that　the　laws　of　Osarsiph；　or　Moses；　were　not　made　in　compliance　with；　but　in　opposition　to；　the　customs　of　the　Egyptians。　See　the　note　on　Antiq。　B。　III。　ch。　8。　sect。　9。

（24）　By　way　of　irony；　I　suppose。

（25）　Here　we　see　that　Josephus　esteemed　a　generation　between　Joseph　and　Moses　to　be　about　forty…two　or　forty…three　years；　which；　if　taken　between　the　earlier　children；　well　agrees　with　the　duration　of　human　life　in　those　ages。　See　Antheat。　Rec。　Part　II。　pages　966；　1019；　1020。

（26）　That　is　the　meaning　of　Hierosyla　in　Greek；　not　in　Hebrew。

BOOK　II。　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　1。　In　the　former　book；　most　honored　Epaphroditus；　I　have　　　demonstrated　our　antiquity；　and　confirmed　the　truth　of　what　　　I　have　said；　from　the　writings　of　the　Phoenicians；　and　　　Chaldeans；　and　Egyptians。　I　have；　moreover；　produced　many　　　of　the　Grecian　writers　as　witnesses　thereto。　I　have　also　made　　　a　refutation　of　Manetho　and　Cheremon；　and　of　certain　others　　　of　our　enemies。　I　shall　now　（1）　therefore　begin　a　confutation　　　of　the　remaining　authors　who　have　written　any　thing　against　　　us；　although　I　confess　I　have　had　a　doubt　upon　me　about　　　Apion　（2）　the　grammarian；　whether　I　ought　to　take　the　　　trouble　of　confuting　him　or　not；　for　some　of　his　writings　　　contain　much　the　same　accusations　which　the　others　have　laid　　　against　us；　some　things　that　he　hath　added　are　very　frigid　and　　　contemptible；　and　for　the　greatest　part　of　what　he　says；　it　is　　　very　scurrilous；　and；　to　speak　no　more　than　the　plain　truth；　it　　　shows　him　to　be　a　very　unlearned　person；　and　what　he　lays　　　together　looks　like　the　work　of　a　man　of　very　bad　morals；　　　and　of　one　no　better　in　his　whole　life　than　a　mountebank。　　　Yet；　because　there　are　a　great　many　men　so　very　foolish；　that　　　they　are　rather　caught　by　such　orations　than　by　what　is　　　written　with　care；　and　take　pleasure　in　reproaching　other　　　men；　and　cannot　abide　to　hear　them　commended；　I　thought　　　it　to　be　necessary　not　to　let　this　man　go　off　without　　　examination；　who　had　written　such　an　accusation　against　us；　　　as　if　he　would　bring　us　to　make　an　answer　in　open　court。　For　　　I　also　have　observed；　that　many　men　are　very　much　delighted　　　when　they　see　a　man　who　first　began　to　reproach　another；　to　　　be　himself　exposed　to　contempt　on　account　of　the　vices　he　　　hath　himself　been　guilty　of。　However；　it　is　not　a　very　easy　　　thing　to　go　over　this　man's　discourse；　nor　to　know　plainly　　　what　he　means；　yet　does　he　seem；　amidst　a　great　confusion　　　and　disorder　in　his　falsehoods；　to　produce；　in　the　first　place；　　　such　things　as　resemble　what　we　have　examined　already；　and　　　relate　to　the　departure　of　our　forefathers　out　of　Egypt；　and；　　　in　the　second　place；　he　accuses　those　Jews　that　are　　　inhabitants　of　Alexandria；　as；　in　the　third　place；　he　mixes　　　with　those　things　such　accusations　as　concern　the　sacred　　　purifications；　with　the　other　legal　rites　used　in　the　temple。　　　　　　2。　Now　although　I　cannot　but　think　that　I　have　already　　　demonstrated；　and　that　abundantly　more　than　was　necessary；　　　that　our　fathers　were　not　originally　Egyptians；　nor　were　　　thence　expelled；　either　on　account　of　bodily　diseases；　or　any　　　other　calamities　of　that　sort；　yet　will　I　briefly　take　notice　of　　　what　Apion　adds　upon　that　subject；　for　in　his　third　book；　　　which　relates　to　the　affairs　of　Egypt；　he　speaks　thus：　〃I　have　　　heard　of　the　ancient　men　of　Egypt；　that　Moses　was　of　　　Heliopolis；　and　that　he　thought　himself　obliged　to　follow　the　　　customs　of　his　forefathers；　and　offered　his　prayers　in　the　　　open　air；　towards　the　city　walls；　but　that　he　reduced　them　all　　　to　be　directed　towards　sun…rising；　which　was　agreeable　to　the　　　situation　of　Heliopolis；　that　he　also　set　up　pillars　instead　of　　　gnomons；　（3）　under　which　was　represented　a　cavity　like　that　　　of　a　boat；　and　the　shadow　that　fell　from　their　tops　fell　down　　　upon　that　cavity；　that　it　might　go　round　about　the　like　course　　　as　the　sun　itself　goes　round　in　the　other。〃　This　is　that　　　wonderful　relation　which　we　have　given　us　by　this　　　grammarian。　But　that　it　is　a　false　one　is　so　plain；　that　it　　　stands　in　need　of　few　words　to　p