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god the known and god the unknown-第6部分

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and material: and if personal; then; though inconceivably vast in 

comparison with man; still limited in space and time; and capable 

of making mistakes concerning his own interests; though as a 

general rule right in his estimates concerning them。  Where; then; 

is this Being? He must be on earth; or what folly can be greater 

than speaking of him as a person? What are persons on any other 

earth to us; or we to them? He must have existed and be going to 

exist through all time; and he must have a tangible body。  Where; 

then; is the body of this God? And what is the mystery of his 

Incarnation?



It will be my business to show this in the following chapter。





                          CHAPTER VI



                       THE TREE OF LIFE



Atheism denies knowledge of a God of any kind。  Pantheism and 

Theism alike profess to give us a God; but they alike fail to 

perform what they have promised。  We can know nothing of the God 

they offer us; for not even do they themselves profess that any 

of our senses can be cognisant 'sic' of him。  They tell us that he 

is a personal God; but that he has no material person。  This is 

disguised Atheism。  What we want is a Personal God; the glory of 

whose Presence can be made in part evident to our senses; though 

what we can realise 'sic' is less than nothing in comparison with 

what we must leave for ever unimagined。



And truly such a God is not far from every one of us; for if we 

survey the broader and deeper currents of men's thoughts during 

the last three thousand years; we may observe two great and 

steady sets as having carried away with them the more eligible 

races of mankind。  The one is a tendency from Polytheism to 

Monotheism; the other from Polytypism to Monotypism of the 

earliest forms of life…all animal and vegetable forms having at 

length come to be regarded as differentiations of a single 

substance…to wit; protoplasm。



No man does well so to kick against the pricks as to set himself 

against tendencies of such depth; strength; and permanence as 

this。  If he is to be in harmony with the dominant opinion of his 

own and of many past ages; he will see a single God…impregnate 

substance as having been the parent from which all living forms 

have sprung。  One spirit; and one form capable of such 

modification as its directing spirit shall think fit; one soul 

and one body; one God and one Life。



For the time has come when the two unities so painfully arrived 

at must be joined together as body and soul; and be seen not as 

two; but one。  There is no living organism untenanted by the 

Spirit of God; nor any Spirit of God perceivable by man apart 

from organism embodying and expressing it。  God and the Life of 

the World are like a mountain; which will present different 

aspects as we look at it from different sides; but which; when we 

have gone all round it; proves to be one only。  God is the animal 

and vegetable world; and the animal and vegetable world is God。



I have repeatedly said that we ought to see all animal and 

vegetable life as uniting to form a single personality。  I should 

perhaps explain this more fully; for the idea of a compound 

person is one which at first is not very easy to grasp; inasmuch 

as we are not conscious of any but our more superficial aspects; 

and have therefore until lately failed to understand that we are 

ourselves compound persons。  I may perhaps be allowed to quote 

from an earlier work。



〃Each cell in the human body is now admitted by physiologists to 

be a person with an intelligent soul; differing from our own more 

complex soul in degree and not in kind; and; like ourselves; 

being born; living; and dying。  It would appear; then; as though 

'we;' 'our souls;' or 'selves;' or 'personalities;' or by 

whatever name we may prefer to be called; are but the 

consensus and full… flowing stream of countless sensations 

and impulses on the part of our tributary souls or 'selves;' who 

probably no more know that we exist; and that they exist as a 

part of us; than a microscopic insect knows the results of 

spectrum analysis; or than an agricultural labourer 'sic' knows 

the working of the British Constitution; and of whom we know no 

more than we do of the habits and feelings of some class widely 

separated from our own。〃…(〃Life and Habit;〃 p。  110。)



After which it became natural to ask the following question :… 

〃Is it possible to avoid imagining that we may be ourselves 

atoms; undesignedly combining to form some vaster being; though 

we are utterly incapable of perceiving this being as a single 

individual; or of realising 'sic' the scheme and scope of our own 

combination? And this; too; not a spiritual being; which; without 

matter or what we think matter of some sort; is as complete 

nonsense to us as though men bade us love and lean upon an 

intelligent vacuum; but a being with what is virtually flesh and 

blood and bones; with organs; senses; dimensions in some way 

analogous to our own; into some other part of which being at the 

time of our great change we must infallibly re…enter; starting 

clean anew; with bygones bygones; and no more ache for ever from 

age or antecedents。



〃'An organic being;' writes Mr。  Darwin; 'is a microcosm; a little 

universe; formed of a host of self…propagating organisms 

inconceivably minute and numerous as the stars in Heaven。'  As 

these myriads of smaller organisms are parts and processes of us; 

so are we parts and processes of life at large。〃



A tree is composed of a multitude of subordinate trees; each bud 

being a distinct individual。  So coral polypes 'sic' form a tree…

like growth of animal life; with branches from which spring 

individual polypes 'sic' that are connected by a common tissue 

and supported by a common skeleton。  We have no difficulty in 

seeing a unity in multitude; and a multitude in unity here; 

because we can observe the wood and the gelatinous tissue 

connecting together all the individuals which compose either the 

tree or the mass of polypes 'sic'。  Yet the skeleton; whether of 

tree or of polype 'sic'; is inanimate; and the tissue; whether of 

bark or gelatine 'sic'; is only the matted roots of the 

individual buds; so that the outward and striking connection 

between the individuals is more delusive than real。  The true 

connection is one which cannot be seen; and consists in the 

animation of each bud by a like spirit…in the community of soul; 

in 〃the voice of the Lord which maketh men to be of one mind in 

an house〃…〃to dwell together in unity〃…to take what are 

practically identical views of things; and express themselves in 

concert under all circumstances。  Provided this…the true unifier 

of organism…can be shown to exist; the absence of gross outward 

and visible but inanimate common skeleton is no bar to oneness of 

personality。



Let us picture to our minds a tree of which all the woody fibre 

'sic' shall be invisible; the buds and leaves seeming to stand in 

mid…air unsupported and unconnected with one another; so that 

there is nothing but a certain tree… like collocation of foliage 

to suggest any common principle of growth uniting the leaves。



Three or four leaves of different ages stand living together at 

the place in the air where the end of each bough should be; of 

these the youngest are still tender and in the bud; while the 

older ones are turning yellow and on the point of falling。  

Between these leaves a sort of twig…like growth can be detected 

if they are looked at in certain lights; but it is hard to see; 

except perhaps when a bud is on the point of coming out。  Then 

there does appear to be a connection which might be called 

branch…like。



The separate tufts are very different from one another; so that 

oak leaves; ash leaves; horse…chestnut leaves; etc。; are each 

represented; but there is one species only at the end of each 

bough。



Though the trunk and all the inner boughs and leaves have 

disappeared; yet there hang here and there fossil leaves; also in 

mid…air; they appear to have been petrified; without method or 

selection; by what we call the caprices of nature; they hang in 

the path which the boughs and twigs would have taken; and they 

seem to indicate that if the tree could have been seen a million 

years earlier; before it had grown near its present size; the 

leaves standing at the end of each bough would have been found 

very different from what they are now。  Let us suppose that all 

the leaves at the end of all the invisible boughs; no matter how 

different they now are from one another; were found in earliest 

budhood to be absolutely indistinguishable; and afterwards to 

develop towards each differentiation through stages which were 

indicated by the fossil leaves。  Lastly; let us suppose that 

though the boughs which seem wanted to connect all the living 

forms of leaves with the fossil leaves; and with countless forms 

of which all trace has disappeared; and also with a single root…

have become invisible; yet that there is irrefragable evidence to 

show that they once actually existed; and indeed are existing at 

this moment; in a condition as real though as invisible to the 

eye as air or electricity。  Should we; I ask; under these 

circumstances hesitate to call our imaginary plant or tree by a 

single name; and to think of it as one person; merely upon the 

score that the woody fibre 'sic' was invisible? Should we not 

esteem the common soul; memories and principles of growth which 

are preserved between all the buds; no matter how widely they 

differ in detail; as a more living bond of union than a framework 

of wood would be; which; though it were visible to the eye; would 

still be inanimate?



The mistletoe appears as closely connected with the tree on which 

it grows as any of the buds of the tree itse
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