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god the known and god the unknown-第6部分
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and material: and if personal; then; though inconceivably vast in
comparison with man; still limited in space and time; and capable
of making mistakes concerning his own interests; though as a
general rule right in his estimates concerning them。 Where; then;
is this Being? He must be on earth; or what folly can be greater
than speaking of him as a person? What are persons on any other
earth to us; or we to them? He must have existed and be going to
exist through all time; and he must have a tangible body。 Where;
then; is the body of this God? And what is the mystery of his
Incarnation?
It will be my business to show this in the following chapter。
CHAPTER VI
THE TREE OF LIFE
Atheism denies knowledge of a God of any kind。 Pantheism and
Theism alike profess to give us a God; but they alike fail to
perform what they have promised。 We can know nothing of the God
they offer us; for not even do they themselves profess that any
of our senses can be cognisant 'sic' of him。 They tell us that he
is a personal God; but that he has no material person。 This is
disguised Atheism。 What we want is a Personal God; the glory of
whose Presence can be made in part evident to our senses; though
what we can realise 'sic' is less than nothing in comparison with
what we must leave for ever unimagined。
And truly such a God is not far from every one of us; for if we
survey the broader and deeper currents of men's thoughts during
the last three thousand years; we may observe two great and
steady sets as having carried away with them the more eligible
races of mankind。 The one is a tendency from Polytheism to
Monotheism; the other from Polytypism to Monotypism of the
earliest forms of life…all animal and vegetable forms having at
length come to be regarded as differentiations of a single
substance…to wit; protoplasm。
No man does well so to kick against the pricks as to set himself
against tendencies of such depth; strength; and permanence as
this。 If he is to be in harmony with the dominant opinion of his
own and of many past ages; he will see a single God…impregnate
substance as having been the parent from which all living forms
have sprung。 One spirit; and one form capable of such
modification as its directing spirit shall think fit; one soul
and one body; one God and one Life。
For the time has come when the two unities so painfully arrived
at must be joined together as body and soul; and be seen not as
two; but one。 There is no living organism untenanted by the
Spirit of God; nor any Spirit of God perceivable by man apart
from organism embodying and expressing it。 God and the Life of
the World are like a mountain; which will present different
aspects as we look at it from different sides; but which; when we
have gone all round it; proves to be one only。 God is the animal
and vegetable world; and the animal and vegetable world is God。
I have repeatedly said that we ought to see all animal and
vegetable life as uniting to form a single personality。 I should
perhaps explain this more fully; for the idea of a compound
person is one which at first is not very easy to grasp; inasmuch
as we are not conscious of any but our more superficial aspects;
and have therefore until lately failed to understand that we are
ourselves compound persons。 I may perhaps be allowed to quote
from an earlier work。
〃Each cell in the human body is now admitted by physiologists to
be a person with an intelligent soul; differing from our own more
complex soul in degree and not in kind; and; like ourselves;
being born; living; and dying。 It would appear; then; as though
'we;' 'our souls;' or 'selves;' or 'personalities;' or by
whatever name we may prefer to be called; are but the
consensus and full… flowing stream of countless sensations
and impulses on the part of our tributary souls or 'selves;' who
probably no more know that we exist; and that they exist as a
part of us; than a microscopic insect knows the results of
spectrum analysis; or than an agricultural labourer 'sic' knows
the working of the British Constitution; and of whom we know no
more than we do of the habits and feelings of some class widely
separated from our own。〃…(〃Life and Habit;〃 p。 110。)
After which it became natural to ask the following question :…
〃Is it possible to avoid imagining that we may be ourselves
atoms; undesignedly combining to form some vaster being; though
we are utterly incapable of perceiving this being as a single
individual; or of realising 'sic' the scheme and scope of our own
combination? And this; too; not a spiritual being; which; without
matter or what we think matter of some sort; is as complete
nonsense to us as though men bade us love and lean upon an
intelligent vacuum; but a being with what is virtually flesh and
blood and bones; with organs; senses; dimensions in some way
analogous to our own; into some other part of which being at the
time of our great change we must infallibly re…enter; starting
clean anew; with bygones bygones; and no more ache for ever from
age or antecedents。
〃'An organic being;' writes Mr。 Darwin; 'is a microcosm; a little
universe; formed of a host of self…propagating organisms
inconceivably minute and numerous as the stars in Heaven。' As
these myriads of smaller organisms are parts and processes of us;
so are we parts and processes of life at large。〃
A tree is composed of a multitude of subordinate trees; each bud
being a distinct individual。 So coral polypes 'sic' form a tree…
like growth of animal life; with branches from which spring
individual polypes 'sic' that are connected by a common tissue
and supported by a common skeleton。 We have no difficulty in
seeing a unity in multitude; and a multitude in unity here;
because we can observe the wood and the gelatinous tissue
connecting together all the individuals which compose either the
tree or the mass of polypes 'sic'。 Yet the skeleton; whether of
tree or of polype 'sic'; is inanimate; and the tissue; whether of
bark or gelatine 'sic'; is only the matted roots of the
individual buds; so that the outward and striking connection
between the individuals is more delusive than real。 The true
connection is one which cannot be seen; and consists in the
animation of each bud by a like spirit…in the community of soul;
in 〃the voice of the Lord which maketh men to be of one mind in
an house〃…〃to dwell together in unity〃…to take what are
practically identical views of things; and express themselves in
concert under all circumstances。 Provided this…the true unifier
of organism…can be shown to exist; the absence of gross outward
and visible but inanimate common skeleton is no bar to oneness of
personality。
Let us picture to our minds a tree of which all the woody fibre
'sic' shall be invisible; the buds and leaves seeming to stand in
mid…air unsupported and unconnected with one another; so that
there is nothing but a certain tree… like collocation of foliage
to suggest any common principle of growth uniting the leaves。
Three or four leaves of different ages stand living together at
the place in the air where the end of each bough should be; of
these the youngest are still tender and in the bud; while the
older ones are turning yellow and on the point of falling。
Between these leaves a sort of twig…like growth can be detected
if they are looked at in certain lights; but it is hard to see;
except perhaps when a bud is on the point of coming out。 Then
there does appear to be a connection which might be called
branch…like。
The separate tufts are very different from one another; so that
oak leaves; ash leaves; horse…chestnut leaves; etc。; are each
represented; but there is one species only at the end of each
bough。
Though the trunk and all the inner boughs and leaves have
disappeared; yet there hang here and there fossil leaves; also in
mid…air; they appear to have been petrified; without method or
selection; by what we call the caprices of nature; they hang in
the path which the boughs and twigs would have taken; and they
seem to indicate that if the tree could have been seen a million
years earlier; before it had grown near its present size; the
leaves standing at the end of each bough would have been found
very different from what they are now。 Let us suppose that all
the leaves at the end of all the invisible boughs; no matter how
different they now are from one another; were found in earliest
budhood to be absolutely indistinguishable; and afterwards to
develop towards each differentiation through stages which were
indicated by the fossil leaves。 Lastly; let us suppose that
though the boughs which seem wanted to connect all the living
forms of leaves with the fossil leaves; and with countless forms
of which all trace has disappeared; and also with a single root…
have become invisible; yet that there is irrefragable evidence to
show that they once actually existed; and indeed are existing at
this moment; in a condition as real though as invisible to the
eye as air or electricity。 Should we; I ask; under these
circumstances hesitate to call our imaginary plant or tree by a
single name; and to think of it as one person; merely upon the
score that the woody fibre 'sic' was invisible? Should we not
esteem the common soul; memories and principles of growth which
are preserved between all the buds; no matter how widely they
differ in detail; as a more living bond of union than a framework
of wood would be; which; though it were visible to the eye; would
still be inanimate?
The mistletoe appears as closely connected with the tree on which
it grows as any of the buds of the tree itse
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