战争与和平(上)-第171部分

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imself。　My　boy　is　growing　up　and　enjoying　life　in　which　he　will　be　deceived　or　deceiving　like　every　one　else。　I　am　going　to　the　army—what　for？　I　don’t　know　myself；　and　I　want　to　meet　that　man　whom　I　despise；　so　as　to　give　him　a　chance　to　kill　me　and　sneer　at　me！”　All　the　conditions　of　life　had　been　the　same　before；　but　before　they　had　all　seemed　to　him　coherent；　and　now　they　had　all　fallen　apart。　Life　seemed　to　Prince　Andrey　a　series　of　senseless　phenomena　following　one　another　without　any　connection。


Chapter　9
PRINCE　ANDREY　reached　the　headquarters　of　the　army　at　the　end　of　June。　The　first　army；　with　which　the　Tsar　was；　was　stationed　in　a　fortified　camp　at　Drissa。　The　second　army　was　retreating；　striving　to　effect　a　junction　with　the　first　army；　from　which—so　it　was　said—it　had　been　cut　off　by　immense　forces　of　the　French。　Every　one　was　dissatisfied　with　the　general　course　of　events　in　the　Russian　army。　But　no　one　even　dreamed　of　any　danger　of　the　Russian　provinces　being　invaded；　no　one　imagined　the　war　could　extend　beyond　the　frontiers　of　the　western　Polish　provinces。
Prince　Andrey　found　Barclay　de　Tolly；　to　whom　he　was　sent；　on　the　bank　of　the　Drissa。　Since　there　was　not　one　large　village　nor　dwelling…place　in　the　neighbourhood　of　the　camp；　the　immense　multitude　of　generals　and　courtiers　accompanying　the　army　were　distributed　about　the　neighborhood　for　ten　versts　round　in　the　best　houses　of　the　village　on　both　sides　of　the　river。　Barclay　de　Tolly　was　staying　four　versts　away　from　the　Tsar。　He　gave　Bolkonsky　a　dry　and　frigid　reception；　and　said　in　his　German　accent　that　he　would　mention　him　to　the　Tsar　so　that　a　definite　appointment　might　be　given　him；　and　that　meanwhile　he　begged　him　to　remain　on　his　staff。　Anatole　Kuragin；　whom　Prince　Andrey　had　expected　to　find　in　the　army；　was　not　here。　He　was　in　Petersburg；　and　Bolkonsky　was　glad　to　hear　it。　He　was　absorbed　in　the　interest　of　being　at　the　centre　of　the　immense　war　that　was　in　progress；　and　he　was　relieved　to　be　free　for　a　time　from　the　irritability　produced　in　him　by　the　idea　of　Kuragin。　The　first　four　days；　during　which　he　was　not　called　upon　to　do　anything；　he　spent　in　riding　round　the　whole　of　the　fortified　camp；　and　by　the　aid　of　his　experiences　and　his　conversations　with　persons　of　greater　experience；　he　tried　to　form　a　definite　idea　about　it。　But　the　question　whether　such　a　camp　were　of　use　at　all　or　not　remained　an　open　one　in　his　mind。　He　had　already；　from　his　own　military　experience；　formed　the　conviction　that　in　war　the　most　deeply　meditated　plans　are　of　no　avail　（as　he　had　seen　at　Austerlitz）；　that　everything　depends　on　how　unexpected　actions　of　the　enemy；　actions　that　cannot　possibly　be　foreseen；　are　met；　that　all　depends　on　how；　and　by　whom；　the　battle　is　led。　In　order　to　settle　this　last　question　to　his　own　satisfaction；　Prince　Andrey　took　advantage　of　his　position　and　his　acquaintances　to　try　to　get　an　insight　into　the　character　of　the　persons　and　parties　who　had　a　hand　in　the　organisation　of　the　army。　This　was　the　general　idea　he　gained　of　the　position　of　affairs。
While　the　Tsar　had　been　at　Vilna；　the　army　had　been　divided　into　three。　The　first　army　was　under　the　command　of　Barclay　de　Tolly；　the　second　under　the　command　of　Bagration；　and　the　third　under　the　command　of　Tormasov。　The　Tsar　was　with　the　first　army；　but　not　in　the　capacity　of　commander…in…chief。　In　the　proclamations；　it　was　announced　that　the　Tsar　would　be　with　the　army；　but　it　was　not　announced　that　he　would　take　the　command。　Moreover；　there　was　in　attendance　on　the　Tsar　personally　not　a　commander…in…chief’s　staff；　but　the　staff　of　the　imperial　headquarters。　The　chief　officer　of　the　imperial　staff　was　General…Quartermaster　Volkonsky；　and　it　contained　generals；　aides…de…camp；　diplomatic　officials；　and　an　immense　number　of　foreigners；　but　it　was　not　a　military　staff。　The　Tsar　had　also　in　attendance　on　him　in　no　definite　capacity；　Araktcheev；　the　late　minister　of　war；　Count　Bennigsen；　by　seniority　the　first　of　the　generals；　the　Tsarevitch；　Konstantin　Pavlovitch；　Count　Rumyantsev；　the　chancellor；　Stein；　the　former　Prussian　minister；　Armfeldt；　the　Swedish　general；　Pfuhl；　the　chief　organiser　of　the　plan　of　the　campaign；　Paulucci；　a　Sardinian　refugee；　who　had　been　made　a　general…adjutant；　Woltzogen；　and　many　others。　Though　those　personages　had　no　definite　posts　in　the　army；　yet；　from　their　position；　they　had　influence；　and　often　the　commander　of　a　corps；　or　even　one　of　the　commanders…in…chief；　did　not　know　in　what　capacity　Bennigsen　or　the　Tsarevitch　or　Araktcheev　or　Prince　Volkonsky　addressed　some　advice　or　inquiry　to　him；　and　could　not　tell　whether　some　command　in　the　form　of　advice　came　directly　from　the　person　who　got　it　or　through　him　from　the　Tsar；　and　whether　he　ought　or　ought　not　to　obey　it。　But　all　this　formed　simply　the　external　aspect　of　the　situation；　the　inner　import　of　the　presence　of　the　Tsar　and　all　these　great　personages　was；　from　a　courtier’s　point　of　view　（and　in　the　presence　of　a　monarch　all　men　become　courtiers）；　plain　to　all。　All　grasped　the　fact　that　though　the　Tsar　was　not　formally　assuming　the　position　of　commander…in…chief；　he　did；　in　fact；　hold　the　supreme　control　of　all　the　armies　in　his　hands；　and　the　persons　about　him　were　his　councillors。　Araktcheev　was　a　trusty　administrator；　a　stern　upholder　of　discipline；　and　careful　of　the　safety　of　the　Tsar。　Bennigsen　was　a　land…holder　in　the　neighbourhood；　and　seemed　to　feel　it　his　function　to　entertain　the　Tsar　there；　while　he　was　in　reality；　too；　a　good　general；　useful　as　an　adviser；　and　useful　to　have　in　readiness　to　replace　Barclay　at　any　time。　The　Tsarevitch　was　there　because　he　thought　fit　to　be。　The　former　Prussian　minister；　Stein；　was　there　because　his　advice　might　be　useful；　and　the　Emperor　Alexander　had　a　high　opinion　of　his　personal　qualities。　Armfeldt　was　a　bitter　enemy　of　Napoleon；　and　had　self…confidence；　which　never　failed　to　have　influence　with　Alexander。　Paulucci　was　there　because　he　was　bold　and　decided　in　his　utterances。　The　generals　on　the　staff　were　there　because　they　were　always　where　the　Emperor　was；　and　the　last　and　principal　figure；　Pfuhl；　was　there　because　he　had　created　a　plan　of　warfare　against　Napoleon；　and　having　made　Alexander　believe　in　the　consistency　of　this　plan；　was　now　conducting　the　plan　of　the　whole　campaign。　Pfuhl　was　accompanied　by　Woltzogen；　who　put　Pfuhl’s　ideas　into　a　more　easily　comprehensible　form　than　could　be　done　by　Pfuhl　himself；　who　was　a　rigid　theorist；　with　an　implicit　faith　in　his　own　views；　and　an　absolute　contempt　for　everything　else。
The　above…mentioned　were　the　most　prominent　personages　about　the　Tsar；　and　among　them　the　foreigners　were　in　the　ascendant；　and　were　every　day　making　new　and　startling　suggestions　with　the　audacity　characteristic　of　men　who　are　acting　in　a　sphere　not　their　own。　But；　besides　those；　there　were　many　more　persons　of　secondary　importance；　who　were　with　the　army　because　their　principals　were　there。
In　this　vast；　brilliant；　haughty；　and　uneasy　world；　among　all　these　conflicting　voices；　Prince　Andrey　detected　the　following　sharply　opposed　parties　and　differences　of　opinion。
The　first　party　consisted　of　Pfuhl　and　his　followers；　military　theorists；　who　believe　in　a　science　of　war；　having　its　invariable　laws—laws　of　oblique　movements；　out…flanking；　etc。　Pfuhl　and　his　adherents　demanded　that　the　army　should　retreat　into　the　heart　of　the　country　in　accordance　with　the　exact　principles　laid　down　by　their　theory　of　war；　and　in　every　departure　from　this　theory　they　saw　nothing　but　barbarism；　ignorance；　or　evil　intention。　To　this　party　belonged　Woltzogen；　Wintzengerode；　and　others—principally　Germans。
The　second　party　was　in　direct　opposition　to　the　first。　As　is　always　the　case　where　there　is　one　extreme　opinion；　representatives　had　come　forward　of　the　opposite　extreme。　This　party　had　urged　an　advance　from　Vilna　into　Poland　regardless　of　all　previous　plans。　This　party；　while　advocating　bold　action；　consisted　of　the　representatives　of　nationalism；　which　made　them　even　more　one…sided　in　their　views。　They　were　Russians：　Bagration；　Yermolov；　who　was　just　beginning　to　make　his　mark；　and　some　others。　Yermolov’s　well…known　joke　was　much　quoted　at　the　time—a　supposed　petition　to　the　Tsar　for　promotion　to　be　a　“German。”　The　members　of　this　party；　recalling　Suvorov；　maintained　that　what　was　wanted　was　not　reasoning　and　sticking　pins　into　maps；　but　fighting；　beating　the　enemy；　preventing　the　enemy　from　getting　into　Russia；　and　keeping　up　the　spirits　of　the　army。
To　the　third　party；　in　which　the　Tsar　was　disposed　to　place　most　confidence；　belonged　the　courtiers；　who　tried　to　effect　a　compromise　between　the　two　contending　sides。　The　members　of　this　party—to　which　Araktcheev　belonged—were　mostly　not　military　men；　and　they　spoke　and　reasoned　as　men　usually　do　who　have　no　convictions；　but　wish　to　pass　for　having　them。　They　admitted　that　a　war　with　such　a　genius　as　Bonaparte　（they　called　him　Bonaparte　again　now）　did　undoubtedly　call　for　the　profoundest　tactical　considerations　and　thorough　scientific　knowledge；　and　that　on　that　side　Pfuhl　was　a　genius。　But；　at　the　same　time；　they　acknowledged　that　it　could　not　be　denied　that　theorists　were　often　one…sided；　and　so　one　should　not　put　implicit　confidence　in　them；　but　should　listen　too　to　what　Pfuhl’s　opponents　urged；　and　also　to　the　views　of　practical　men　who　had　experience；　and　should　take　a　middle　course。　They　advocated　maintaining　the　camp　at　Drissa　on　Pfuhl’s　plan；　but　altering　his　disposition　of　the　other　two　armies。　Though　by　this　course　of　action　neither　aim　could　be　attained；　this　seemed　to　the　party　of　compromise　the　best　line　to　adopt。
Of　the　fourth　section　of　opinions；　the　most　prominent　representative　was　the　Grand　Duke；　and　heir…apparent；　who　could　not　get　over　his　rude　awakening　at　Austerlitz。　He　had　ridden　out　at　the　head　of　his　guards　in　helmet　and　cuirass　as　though　to　a　review；　expecting　gallantly　to　rout　the　French；　and　finding　himself　unexpectedly　just　in　the　line　of　the　enemy’s　fire；　had　with　difficulty　escaped　in　the　general　disorder。　The　members　of　this　party　had　at　once　the　merit　and　the　defect　of　sincerity　in　their　convictions。　They　feared　Napoleon；　they　saw　his　strength　and　their　own　weakn