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英语复习指南-第15部分
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r echelon of pop music luminaries。 (54 words)
15。【译文】杰斐逊结束社会生涯时,始终没有摆脱债务的负担。他的女儿玛莎曾热切地希望父亲老年时不要再为债务困扰,但一直未如愿已偿。相反,在他垂暮之年最扰乱他宁静生活的恰恰是这些债务。杰斐逊的经济情况如同他的身体状况一样每况愈下。到他去世的那年,由于女婿小托马斯·曼·伦道夫破了产,情况更加严重。他得担负女儿和未婚外孙子女的一切费用。(注意破折号引入的插入语的翻译,以及定语从句的翻译)
【分析】Jefferson’s financial situation — like his health (破折号引出插入语) — continued to deteriorate with each passing year; and (and引导两个复合结构的分句) in the final year of his life it (代词,指代financial situation) was exacerbated by the bankruptcy of his soninlaw Thomas Mann Randolph; Jr。; which (which引导非限制性定语从句) left him to provide for all the expenses of his daughter and his unmarried grandchildren。 (50 words)
16。【译文】尼泊尔首相阿查利亚目前正应周恩来总理的邀请在北京进行国事访问。同过去缅甸的吴努总理和印度尼西亚的沙斯特罗阿米佐约总理来进行国事访问时一样,我被安排做代表团的翻译。过去几次,上级交给我的任务都是要我在贵宾们同我国领导人会见时,陪同代表团中级别较低的成员,即贵宾们的警卫和侍从去购物或为他们在看电影时当翻译。这次和过去迥然不同。礼仪部门的同志通知我,今天晚上我将不像往常那样坐在最后一桌为侍从们当翻译,而是坐在第一桌同周总理和阿查利亚首相在一起,为两位国家领导人当翻译。这对我来说,还是生平第一次被委以这样的重任。(注意句子越长,越要学会分析出句子的主干。确定了主干之后,再去分析句子的外围结构。)
【分析】But radically different (different为形容词,引出状语部分。从But radically different至by interpreting Chinese movies for them为整个句子的状语部分,主句为I was going to interpret和I was going to sit at部分) from the previous occasions; when (when作连词,充当occasions的定语从句) my duties were but (but作副词,修饰to interpret的不定式结构) to interpret for the lowest of the low on those delegations; that is (that is引出前面的同位语结构); taking the body guards and personal servants of the dignitaries shopping or entertaining them while (while为连词,引导时间状语从句) their principals were meeting with our state leaders by interpreting Chinese movies for them; this time; as I was informed by the Protocol (as在此分句中充当连词,引出状语从句。此后为整个句子的主干部分); I was going to interpret for both Premier Zhou Enlai and Prime Minister Acharya; and I was going to sit at the first table with the two Prime Ministers and (连词and引导两个状语部分的平行结构,即at the first table与not at the last table) not at the last table with the servants。 (101 words)
17。【译文】例如,社会学家们已经找到了证据,说明社区的大小与赌博、吸毒等坏习性有某些关系。与小地方的居民相比,住在大城市的人更可能有见多识广的观念、更不会受传统的亲戚关系责任所束缚、更可能给左派政治候选人投上一票,以及更可能宽容非传统的宗教团体、不受欢迎的政治组织或所谓不尽人意的东西。作个周全的考虑,我们可以说多样性和违反常规的行为都有可能是人口众多造成的结果。(注意平行结构句在现代英语句法中的普遍使用。分析时注意平行结构所包含的成份,避免遗漏某些成份。)
【分析】Large…city urbanites are also more likely than their smalltown counterparts to have a cosmopolitan outlook; to display less responsibility to traditional kinship roles; to vote for leftist political candidates; and (and引导4个不定式结构,平行结构。在此为be likely to do的搭配。) to be tolerant of (此后为介词of的宾语部分,直到句子的末尾) nontraditional religious groups; unpopular political groups; and socalled undesirables。 (43 words)
18。【译文】一天杰克下班回来,发现自己的狗把邻居的宠物兔子叨在嘴里。兔子已经断气了。杰克吓坏了。他担心邻居会从此怀恨在心,于是他把那被咬得面目全非的兔子拿进屋里,给它洗了个澡,把毛吹干,然后放回邻居的笼子里,希望他们会认为兔子是自然死亡的。几天后,邻居在屋外问杰克,“你听说兔子绒毛死了吗?”(句子的主干构成为连词so引出的结果状语,以及hoping引出的宾语从句。特别注意不能把chewed up理解为谓语,以及对blowdries作为复合动词的识别。)
【分析】He’s afraid that (that引导形容词afraid的宾语从句) the neighbor is going to hate him forever; so he takes the dirty; chewed up (注意chewed up在此作定语,修饰rabbit) rabbit into his house and gives it a bath; blowdries (blowdries为复合动词) its fur and puts the rabbit back into the cage at the neighbor’s house; hoping (hoping为现在分词结构,充当整句的状语成份。在此省略了引导宾语从句的连词that) they will think(在此省略了宾语从句连词that) it died of natural causes。 (52 words)
19。【译文】对火星的探索,科学的利害关系引起了比以往都高的争议。关于火星上是否曾存在生命的问题,是否生命尚存活的问题,都得到了强调——一方面因为已经有大量的证据证明火星曾经拥有稳定的液态水,另一方面因为人们就关于陨石从火星带到地球上的细菌提出的各种说法继续持有争议。不论是过去或现在,对火星上是否存在生命这一问题的更富总结性的回答给研究者们提供了珍贵的资料,以研究在何种条件范围内一颗行星能够产生复杂的使生命存在的化学条件。(注意同位语从句的识别。)
【分析】The issue (issue为句子主句的主语) of whether life ever existed on the planet; and (and连接两个whether结构,充当介词of的宾语从句) whether it (代词it复指前面的life) persists to this day; has been highlighted (has been highlighted为主句的谓语) by mounting evidence that (that引出evidence的同位语从句) the Red Planet once had abundant stable; liquid water and (and连接前面的by mounting evidence与后面的by the continuing controversy成为平行结构,作谓语动词的状语) by the continuing controversy over suggestions that (that引出suggestions的同位语从句) the bacterial fossils rode to Earth on a meteorite from Mars。 (51 words)
20。【译文】因特网音乐资源并非是一个浮华的网址,而只是五六页的文本链接。但是由于拥有总共将近2000个站址链接,对于你在网上寻找音乐信息,它确是一个好网址。音乐资源首先注重于西方古典音乐,但是也为几乎所有人准备了他们所感兴趣的东西。这些分析有,介绍你从未听说过的乐队(和你所钟爱的乐队)的乐迷主页、各唱片公司的网址、音乐学术文章、世界各地的精彩乐器介绍,以及你所喜爱的爵士乐队的唱片目录等等。如果音乐资源站址能再增加一个网上寻找功能,那么它将无与伦比。进入因特网音乐资源的路径:http: //music。indiana。edu/musicresources/ (注意本段中对出现的许多复数名词的译法。此外冒号往往表现一种“一般——特殊”型的模式。)
【分析】Music Resources focuses primarily on Western classical music; but the site has something for almost everyone: (冒号引出同位语结构) fan pages for bands you have never heard of (作bands的定语) (and for bands you love); record company web sites; scholarly papers; cool instruments from all over the world; discographies of your favorite jazz musicians。 (49 words)
21。【译文】虽然这些使命蕴涵着商业和政治军事的必然性,但这些探险者们探索了科学家们从未去过的地方,并对科学做出了很大的贡献。现在火星可能将会成为人类下一个未探明之地。虽然人们对探访火星能否在短期内带来经济利益表示怀疑,但随着人们对冷战记忆的逐渐模糊以及在大型太空探险中更加注重国际合作的情况下,除了利益和民族观念,人类显然有别的动机去探索火星那颗红色的星球,并留下自己的足迹。(注意3个介词短语充当主句的状语成份。)
【分析】And with (介词短语作状语) doubtful prospects for a shortterm financial return; with (独立主格结构,作状语) the cold war rapidly fading memory and amid (介词短语作状语) a growing emphasis on international cooperation in large space ventures; it (引出主语从句) is clear that imperatives other than profits or nationalism will have to compel human beings to leave their tracks on the planet’s reddish surface。 (53 words)
22。【译文】1995年4月,美、英、苏、法在日内瓦举行首脑会议。这次会议的一个重要议题是核武器的核查问题。美、英、法三国采取了相同的立场,共同主张对核武器实行某种核查。而苏联明确表示,反对任何核查规定,认为这种规定实际是侵犯他们的主权,因此绝对不能接受。(注意两个现在分词结构的翻译,以及形式宾语的处理。)
【分析】The US; Britain and France adopted a common stand; agreeing to (现在分词短语作伴随状语) certain stipulations on inspection of nuclear weapons; but the Soviet Union made it (代词的预指,指代后面that从句的内容) clear that they were opposed to stipulations of any sort on nuclear weapons inspection (nuclear weapons inspection为复合名词结构); regarding (regarding现在分词短语作伴随状语) them (代词them指代前面的复数名词stipulations) as virtually a violation of their sovereignty and therefore totally unacceptable。 (51 words)
23。【译文】而营销注重的是顾客的需求。首先分析顾客的偏好和需求,再来生产满足顾客的商品。这种着眼于顾客的策略就称之为营销概念,简单地说就是生产商和经销商不是旨在生产或出售最容易生产或转卖的产品,而是首先努力获悉顾客的需要,然后再生产可以买到的商品。(注意本句中的连接词较多,应识别其功能和具体翻译的处理方法。)
【分析】This eyeontheconsumer approach is known as the marketing concept; which (which引出非限制性定语从句,修饰前面的concept) simply means that (连词that引出means的宾语从句) instead of trying to sell whatever (连词whatever引出sell的宾语从句) is easiest to produce or buy for resale; (此后为动词means的宾语从句部分) the makers and dealers first endeavor to find out what the consumer wants to buy and (连词and连接endeavor和go两个动词) then go about making it available for purchase (51 words)
24。【译文】生活在继续进行。在12月那碧空如洗、阳光普照的一天,新房子破土动工了。孩子们已经能够站起来了。为了纪念这个时刻,他们每人得到一把镀金的小铁锹。很多朋友和邻居都来到现场。斯温斯博罗的市长将大家的感受概括为:“我们希望这些孩子长大之后,他们看到这栋房子时会明白他们的父亲得到了所有熟人的尊重和羡慕。”(本句中代词的使用较为频繁,注意搞清其指代关系。)
【分析】Many friends and neighbors were there; and the mayor of Swainsboro put our feelings into words (此处put与into构成搭配): “We hope that (连词that引导宾语从句) when these babies are grown; they will look at this house and understand how (连词how引导动词understand的宾语从句) much their father was respected and admired by everyone who (连词who引导限制性定语从句,修饰everyone) knew him。” (45 words)
25。【译文】事实上,社会利用了我们情感的反应和态度,比如忠诚感、道德感、自豪感、羞耻感、负疚感、恐惧感、贪婪,来保持其自身的存在。社会给那些从事重要工作的人,比如外科医生,予高薪报酬。把那些从事特殊或危险工作的人塑造为英雄。此外利用民法和刑法法规使人们不敢从事反社会的活动。(注意英语中后置定语在翻译时的处理问题。)
【分析】It gives high rewards to individuals who (连词who引导限制性定语从句,修饰individuals) perform important tasks such as surgery; makes (为主语it的第二个谓语动词) h
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