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part05+-第14部分

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discussed with me one evening sundry photographs of the new



religious paintings in the cathedral of Kieff in a spirit which



revealed this feeling for religious art as one of the deepest



characteristics of his nature。







He was evidently equally sensitive to the beauties of religious



literature。 Giving me various books containing the services of



the Orthodox Church; he dwelt upon the beauty of the Slavonic



version of the Psalms and upon the church hymnology。







The same esthetic side of his nature was evident at various great



church ceremonies。 It has happened to me to see Pius IX celebrate



mass; both at the high altar of St。 Peter's and in the Sistine



Chapel; and to witness the ceremonies of Holy Week and of Easter



at the Roman basilicas; and at the time it was hard to conceive



anything of the kind more impressive; but I have never seen any



church functions; on the whole; more imposing than the funeral



service of the Emperor Nicholas during my first visit to Russia;



and various imperial weddings; funerals; name…days; and the like;



during my second visit。 On such occasions Pobedonostzeff



frequently came over from his position among the ministers of the



crown to explain to us the significance of this or that feature



in the ritual of music。 It was plain that these things touched



what was deepest in him; it must be confessed that his attachment



to the church is sincere。







Nor were these impressions made upon me alone。 It fell to my lot



to present to him one of the most eminent journalists our country



has producedCharles A。 Dana; a man who could discuss on even



terms with any European statesman all the leading modern



questions。 Dana had been brought into close contact with many



great men; but it was plain to seewhat he afterward



acknowledged to methat he was very deeply impressed by this



eminent Russian。 The talk of two such men threw new light upon



the characteristics of Pobedonostzeff; and strengthened my



impression of his intellectual sincerity。







In regard to the relation of the Russo…Greek Church to other



churches I spoke to him at various times; and found in him no



personal feeling of dislike to them。 The nearest approach to such



a feeling appeared; greatly to my surprise; in sundry references



to the Greek Church as it exists in Greece。 In these he showed a



spirit much like that which used to be common among High…church



Episcopalians in speaking of Low…church 〃Evangelicals。〃 Mindful



of the earnest efforts made by the Anglican communion to come



into closer relations with the Russian branch of the Eastern



Church; I at various times broached that subject; and the



glimpses I obtained of his feeling regarding it surprised me。



Previously to these interviews I had supposed that the main



difficulty in the way to friendly relations between these two



branches of the church universal had its origin in the 〃filioque〃



clause of the Nicene Creed。 As is well known; the Eastern Church



adheres to that creed in its original form;the form in which



the Holy Ghost is represented as 〃proceeding from the



Father;〃whereas the Western Church adopts the additional words;



〃and from the Son。〃 That the Russo…Greek Church is very tenacious



of its position in this respect; and considers the position of





the Western ChurchCatholic and Protestantas savoring of



blasphemy; is well known; and there was a curious evidence of



this during my second stay in Russia。 Twice during that time I



heard the 〃Missa Solennis〃 of Beethoven。 It was first given by a



splendid choir in the great hall of the University of



Helsingfors。 That being in Finland; which is mainly Lutheran; the



Creed was sung in its Western form。 Naturally; on going to hear



it given by a great choir at St。 Petersburg; I was curious to



know how this famous clause would be dealt with。 In various parts



of the audience were priests of the Russo…Greek faith; yet there



were very many Lutherans and Calvinists; and I watched with some



interest the approach of the passage containing the disputed



words; but when we reached this it was wholly omitted。 Any



allusion to the 〃procession〃 was evidently forbidden。 Great;



therefore; was my surprise when; on my asking Pobedonostzeff;'5'



as the representative of the Emperor in the Synod of the



empire;the highest assemblage in the church; and he the most



influential man in it; really controlling archbishops and bishops



throughout the empire;whether the 〃filioque〃 clause is an



insurmountable obstacle to union; he replied; 〃Not at all; that



is simply a question of dialectics。 But with whom are we to



unite? Shall it be with the High…churchmen; the Broad…churchmen;



or the Low…churchmen? These are three different bodies of men



with distinctly different ideas of church order; indeed; with



distinctly different creeds。 Which of these is the Orthodox



Church to regard as the representative of the Anglican



communion?〃 I endeavored to show him that the union; if it took



place at all; must be based on ideas and beliefs that underlie



all these distinctions; but he still returned to his original



proposition; which was that union is impossible until a more



distinct basis than any now attainable can be arrived at。











'5' I find; in a letter from Pobedonostzeff; that he spells his



name as here printed。











I suggested to him a visit to Great Britain and his making the



acquaintance of leading Englishmen; but to this he answered that



at his time of life he had no leisure for such a recreation; that



his duties absolutely forbade it。







In regard to relations with the Russo…Greek Church on our own



continent; he seemed to speak with great pleasure of the



treatment that sundry Russian bishops had received among us。 He



read me letters from a member of the Russo…Greek hierarchy; full



of the kindliest expressions toward Americans; and especially



acknowledging their friendly reception of him and of his



ministrations。 Both the archbishop in his letter; and



Pobedonostzeff in his talk; were very much amused over the fact



that the Americans; after extending various other courtesies to



the archbishop; offered him cigars。







He discussed the possibility of introducing the 〃Holy Orthodox



Church〃 into the United States; but always disclaimed all zeal in



religious propagandism; saying that the church authorities had



quite enough work to do in extending and fortifying the church



throughout the Russian Empire。 He said that the pagan tribes of



the imperial dominions in Asia seemed more inclined to



Mohammedanism than to Christianity; and gave as the probable



reason the fact that the former faith is much the simpler of the



two。 He was evidently unable to grasp the idea of the Congress of



Religions at the Chicago Exposition; and seemed inclined to take



a mildly humorous view of it as one of the droll inventions of



the time。







He appeared to hold our nation as a problem apart; and was;



perhaps; too civil in his conversations with me to include it in



the same condemnation with the nations of Western Europe which



had; in his opinion; gone hopelessly wrong。 He also seemed drawn



to us by his admiration for Emerson; Hawthorne; and Lowell。 When



Professor Norton's edition of Lowell's 〃Letters〃 came out; I at



once took it to him。 It evidently gave him great



pleasureperhaps because it revealed to him a very different



civilization; life; and personality from anything to which he had



been accustomed。 Still; America seemed to be to him a sort of



dreamland。 He constantly returned to Russian affairs as to the



great realities of the world。 Discussing; as we often did; the



condition and future of the wild tribes and nations within the



Asiatic limits of the empire; he betrayed no desire either for



crusades or for intrigues to convert them; he simply spoke of the



legitimate influence of the church in civilizing them。







I recall a brilliant but denunciatory article; published in one



of the English reviews some time since by a well…known nihilist;



which contained; in the midst of various charges against the



Russian statesman; a description of his smile; which was



characterized as forbidding; and even ghastly。 I watched for this



smile with much interest; but it never came。 A smile upon his



face I have often seen; but it was a kindly smile; with no trace



of anything ghastly or cruel in it。







He seemed to take pleasure in the society of his old professorial



friends; and one of them he once brought to my table。 This was a



professor of history; deeply conversant with the affairs of the



empire; and we discussed the character and career of Catherine



II。 The two men together brought out a mass of curious



information; throwing a strange light into transactions which



only the most recent historians are beginning to understand;



among these the assassination of Czar Peter III; Catherine's



husband。 On one occasion when Pobedonostzeff was visiting me I



tested his knowledge in regard to a matter of special interest;



and obtained a new side…light upon his theory of the universe。



There is at present on the island of Cronstadt; at the mouth of



the Neva; a Russo…Greek priest; Father Ivan; who enjoys



throughout the empire a vast reputation as a saintly worker of



miracles。 This priest has a very spiritual and kindly face; is



known to receive vast sums for t
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