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proved　to　be　correct。







On　the　Fourth　of　July；　1900；　came　the　celebration　of　our　national



independence　at　Leipsic；　and　being　asked　to　respond　to　the　first



regular　toast；　and；　having　at　my　former　visit　dwelt　especially



upon　the　Presidency；　my　theme　now　became　the　character　and



services　of　the　President　himself；　and　it　was　a　pleasure　to　find



that　my　statement　was　received　by　the　German　press　in　a　way　that



showed　a　reaction　from　previous　injustice。







During　August　and　September　preceding　the　political　campaign



which　resulted　in　Mr。　McKinley's　reelection　I　was　in　the　United



States。　It　was　the　hottest　summer　in　very　many　years；　and



certainly；　within　my　whole　experience；　there　had　been　no　torrid



heat　like　that　during　my　visits　to　Washington。　Nearly　every　one



seemed　prostrated　by　it。　Upon　arriving　at　the　Arlington　Hotel；　I



found　two　old　friends　unnerved　by　the　temperature；　one　of　them



not　daring　to　risk　a　sunstroke　by　going　to　the　train　which　would



take　him　to　his　home　in　Chicago　Retiring　to　one's　room　at　night；



even　in　the　best…situated　hotels；　was　like　entering　an　oven。　The



leading　official　persons　were　generally　absent；　and　those　who



remained　seemed　hardly　capable　of　doing　business。　But　there　was



one　exception。　Going　to　the　White　House　to　pay　my　respects　to　the



President；　I　found　him　the　one　man　in　Washington　perfectly　cool；



serene；　and　unaffected　by　the　burning　heat　or　by　the　pressure　of



public　affairs。　Although　matters　in　Cuba；　in　Porto　Rico；　in　the



Philippines　in　China；　and　in　the　political　campaign　then　going　on



must　have　been　constantly　in　his　mind；　he　had　plenty　of　time；



seemed　to　take　trouble　about　nothing；　and　kept　me　in　his　office



for　a　full　hour；　discussing　calmly　the　various　phases　of　the



situation　as　they　were　affected　by　matters　in　Germany。







His　discussion　of　public　affairs　showed　the　same　quiet　insight



and　strength　which　I　had　recognized　in　him　when　we　first　met；　in



1884；　as　delegates　at　the　Chicago　National　Convention。　One　thing



during　this　Washington　interview　struck　me　especially：　I　asked



him　if　he　was　to　make　any　addresses　during　the　campaign；　he



answered：　〃No；　several　of　my　friends　have　urged　me　to　do　so；　but



I　shall　not。　I　intend　to　return　to　what　seems　to　me　the　better



policy　of　the　earlier　Presidents：　the　American　people　have　my



administration　before　them；　they　have　ample　material　for　judging



it；　and　with　them　I　shall　silently　leave　the　whole　matter。〃　He



said　this　in　a　perfectly　simple；　quiet　way；　which　showed　that　he



meant　what　he　said。　At　the　time　I　regretted　his　decision；　but　it



soon　became　clear　that　he　was　right。







At　the　beginning　of　the　year　1901　came　the　two…hundredth



anniversary　of　the　founding　of　the　Prussian　kingdom。



Representatives　of　the　other　governments　of　the　world　appeared　at



court　in　full　force；　and；　under　instructions　from　the　President；



I　tendered　his　congratulations　and　best　wishes　to　the　monarch；　as



follows：







May　it　please　Your　Majesty：　I　am　instructed　by　the　President　to



present　his　hearty　congratulations　on　this　two…hundredth



anniversary　of　the　founding　of　the　Kingdom　of　Prussia；　and；　with



his　congratulations；　his　best　wishes　for　Your　Majesty's　health



and　happiness；　as　well　as　the　health　and　happiness　of　the　Royal



Family；　and　his　earnest　hopes　for　the　continued　prosperity　of



Your　Majesty's　Kingdom　and　Empire。







At　the　same　time　I　feel　fully　authorized　to　present　similar



congratulations　and　good　wishes　from　the　whole　people　of　the



United　States。　The　ties　between　the　two　nations；　instead　of　being



weakened　by　time；　have　constantly　grown　stronger。　As　regards



material　interests　they　are　bound　together　by　an　enormous



commerce；　growing　greatly　every　year：　as　regards　deeper



sentiments；　no　man　acquainted　with　American　History　forgets　that



the　House　of　Hohenzollern　was　one　of　the　first　European　powers　to



recognize　American　Independence；　and　that　it　was　Frederick　the



Great　who　made　that　first　treaty；a　landmark　in　the　history　of



International　Law；the　only　fault　of　which　was　that　the　world



was　not　far　enough　advanced　to　appreciate　it。　We　also　remember



that　Germany　was　the　only　foreign　country　which　showed　decided



sympathy　for　us　during　our　Civil　Warthe　second　struggle　for　our



national　existence。







I　also　feel　fully　authorized；　in　view　of　Your　Majesty's　interest



in　everything　that　ministers　to　the　highest　interests　of



civilization；　to　express　thanks　for　service　which　the　broad



policy　of　Germany　has　rendered　the　United　States　in　throwing　open



to　American　scholars　its　Universities；　its　Technical　Schools；　its



conservatories　of　Art；　its　Museums；　and　its　Libraries。　Every



University　and　advanced　school　of　learning　in　the　United　States



recognizes　the　fact　that　Germany　has　been　our　main　foreign



teacher；　as　regards　the　higher　ranges　of　Science；　Literature；　and



Art；　and　I　may　be　allowed　to　remind　Your　Majesty；　that　while



Great　Britain　is　justly　revered　by　us　as　our　mother　country



Germany　is　beginning　to　hold　to　us　a　similar　relation；　not　only



as　the　fatherland　of　a　vast　number　of　American　citizens；　but　as



one　of　the　main　sources　of　the　intellectual　culture　spread　by　our



universities　and　schools　for　advanced　learning。







Allow　me；　then；　sir；　to　renew　the　best　wishes　of　the　President



and　people　of　the　United　States；　with　their　hopes　that　ever



blessing　may　attend　Your　Majesty；　the　House　of　Hohenzollern　the



Kingdom　of　Prussia；　and　the　German　Empire。











The　Emperor　in　his　reply　spoke　very　cordially　of　the　President's



special　telegram；　which　he　had　received　that　morning；　and　then



gave　earnest　utterance　to　his　belief　that　the　time　is　coming　when



the　three　great　peoples　of　Germanic　descent　will　stand　firmly



together　in　all　the　great　questions　of　the　world。







The　religious　ceremonies　in　the　Palace　Chapel；　with　magnificent



music；　the　banquet；　which　included　pertinent　speeches　from　the



monarchs；　and　the　gala　representation　at　the　opera　all　passed　off



well：　but；　perhaps；　that　which　will　dwell　longest　in　my　memory



took　place　at　the　last。　The　performance　consisted　of　two　pieces：



one　a　poem　glorifying　Prussia；　recited　with　music；　the　other　a



play；　in　four　acts；　with　long；　musical　interludes；　deifying　the



great　Elector　and　the　house　of　Hohenzollern。　Though　splendid　in



scenic　setting　and　brilliant　in　presentation　it　was　very　long；



and　the　ambassadors'　box　was　crowded　and　hot。　In　the　midst　of　it



all　the　French　ambassador；　the　Marquis　de　Noailles；　one　of　the



most　suave　courteous；　and　placid　of　men；　quietly　said　to　me；　with



inimitable　gravity；　〃What　a　bore　this　must　be　to　those　who



understand　German！　（Comme　ca　doit　etre　ennuyeux　a　ceux　qui



correprennent　l'Allexnand！）〃　This　sudden　revelation　of　a　lower



depth　of　boredomfrom　one　who　could　not　understand　a　word　of　the



playwas　worthy　of　his　ancestors　in　the　days　of　Saint…Simon　and



Dangeau。







During　the　following　summer　two　great　sorrows　befell　me　and　mine；



but　there　is　nothing　to　be　here　chronicled　save　that　in　this；　as



in　previous　trials；　I　took　refuge　in　work　which　seemed　to　be



worthy。　The　diplomatic　service　in　summer　is　not　usually　exacting；



especially　when　one　has；　as　I　had；　thoroughly　loyal　and　judicious



embassy　secretaries。　As　in　a　former　bereavement　I　had　turned　to　a



study　of　the　character　and　services　of　John　of　Portugal　and　his



great　successors　in　the　age　of　discovery；　so　now　I　turned　to　Fra



Paolo　Sarpi　and　the　good　fight　he　fought　for　Venice　and　humanity。



To　my　large　collection　of　books　on　the　subject；　made　mainly　in



Italy；　I　added　much　from　the　old　book…shops　of　Germany；　and　with



these　revised　my　Venetian　studies。　An　old　dream　of　mine　had　been



to　bring　out　a　small　book　on　Fra　Paolo：　now　I　sought；　more



modestly；　to　prepare　an　essay。＇6＇　The　work　was　good　for　me。



Contemplation　of　that　noblest　of　the　three　great　Italians　between



the　Renaissance　and　the　Resurrection　of　Italy　did　something　to



lift　me　above　sorrow；　reading　his　words；　uttered　so　calmly　in　all



the　storm　and　stress　of　his　time；　soothed　me。　Viewed　from　my



work…table　on　the　island　of　Rugen；　the　world　became　less　dark　as



I　thought　upon　this　hero　of　three　centuries　ago。











＇6＇　This　essay　has　since　been　published　in　the　〃Atlantic　Monthly〃



of　January　and　February；　1904。







｛Included　etext：　Project　Gutenberg｝



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THE　ATLANTIC　MONTHLY：　A　MAGAZINE　OF　Literature；　Science；　Art；　and



Politics　VOLUME　XCIII　｛From　January；　1904Number　DLV。　and



February；　1904Number　DLVI。｝







BOSTON　AND　NEW　YORK　HOUGHTON　MIFFLIN　AND　COMPANY　The　Riverside



Press；　Cambridge　1904











COPYRIGHT；　1903　AND　1904　BY　HOUGHTON；　MIFFLIN　AND　COMPANY







The　Riverside　Press；　Cambridge；　Mass。；　U。S。A。　Electrotyped　and



Printed　by　H。　O。　Houghton　&　Company







FRA　PAOLO　SARPI。







I。







A　thoughtful　historian　tells　us　that；　between　the　fourteenth



century　and　the　nineteenth；　Italy　produced　three　great　men。　As



the　first　of　these；　he　names　Machiavelli；　who；　he　says；　〃taught



the　world　to　understand　political　despotism　and　to　hate　it；〃　as



the　second；　he　names　Sarpi　who　〃taught　the　world　after　what



manner　the　Holy　Spirit　guides　the　Councils　of　the　Church；〃　and　as



the　third；　Galileo；　who　〃taught　the　world　what　dogmatic　theology



is　worth　when　it　can　be　t