a miscellany of men-第20部分

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ee；　and　if　the　female　trippers　are　overdressed；　at　least　they　are　not　overdressed　and　underdressed　at　the　same　time。　　It　is　better　to　ride　a　donkey　than　to　be　a　donkey。　　It　is　better　to　deal　with　the　Cockney　festival　which　asks　men　and　women　to　change　hats；　rather　than　with　the　modern　Utopia　that　wants　them　to　change　heads。

But　the　truth　is　that　such　small；　but　real；　element　of　vulgarity　as　there　is　indeed　in　the　tripper；　is　part　of　a　certain　folly　and　falsity　which　is　characteristic　of　much　modernity；　and　especially　of　the　very　people　who　persecute　the　poor　tripper　most。　　There　is　something　in　the　whole　society；　and　even　especially　in　the　cultured　part　of　it；　that　does　things　in　a　clumsy　and　unbeautiful　way。

A　case　occurs　to　me　in　the　matter　of　Stonehenge；　which　I　happened　to　visit　yesterday。　　Now　to　a　person　really　capable　of　feeling　the　poetry　of　Stonehenge　it　is　almost　a　secondary　matter　whether　he　sees　Stonehenge　at　all。　　The　vast　void　roll　of　the　empty　land　towards　Salisbury；　the　gray　tablelands　like　primeval　altars；　the　trailing　rain…clouds；　the　vapour　of　primeval　sacrifices；　would　all　tell　him　of　a　very　ancient　and　very　lonely　Britain。　　It　would　not　spoil　his　Druidic　mood　if　he　missed　Stonehenge。　But　it　does　spoil　his　mood　to　find　Stonehengesurrounded　by　a　brand…new　fence　of　barbed　wire；　with　a　policeman　and　a　little　shop　selling　picture　post…cards。

Now　if　you　protest　against　this；　educated　people　will　instantly　answer　you；　〃Oh；　it　was　done　to　prevent　the　vulgar　trippers　who　chip　stones　and　carve　names　and　spoil　the　look　of　Stonehenge。〃　　It　does　not　seem　to　occur　to　them　that　barbed　wire　and　a　policeman　rather　spoil　the　look　of　Stonehenge。　　The　scratching　of　a　name；　particularly　when　performed　with　blunt　penknife　or　pencil　by　a　person　of　imperfect　School　Board　education；　can　be　trusted　in　a　little　while　to　be　indistinguishable　from　the　grayest　hieroglyphic　by　the　grandest　Druid　of　old。　　But　nobody　could　get　a　modern　policeman　into　the　same　picture　with　a　Druid。　　This　really　vital　piece　of　vandalism　was　done　by　the　educated；　not　the　uneducated；　it　was　done　by　the　influence　of　the　artists　or　antiquaries　who　wanted　to　preserve　the　antique　beauty　of　Stonehenge。　　It　seems　to　me　curious　to　preserve　your　lady's　beauty　from　freckles　by　blacking　her　face　all　over；　or　to　protect　the　pure　whiteness　of　your　wedding　garment　by　dyeing　it　green。

And　if　you　ask；　〃But　what　else　could　any　one　have　done；　what　could　the　most　artistic　age　have　done　to　save　the　monument？〃　　I　reply；　〃There　are　hundreds　of　things　that　Greeks　or　Mediaevals　might　have　done；　and　I　have　no　notion　what　they　would　have　chosen；　but　I　say　that　by　an　instinct　in　their　whole　society　they　would　have　done　something　that　was　decent　and　serious　and　suitable　to　the　place。　　Perhaps　some　family　of　knights　or　warriors　would　have　the　hereditary　duty　of　guarding　such　a　place。　　If　so　their　armour　would　be　appropriate；　their　tents　would　be　appropriate；　not　deliberatelythey　would　grow　like　that。　　Perhaps　some　religious　order　such　as　normally　employ　nocturnal　watches　and　the　relieving　of　guard　would　protect　such　a　place。　　Perhaps　it　would　be　protected　by　all　sorts　of　rituals；　consecrations；　or　curses；　which　would　seem　to　you　mere　raving　superstition　and　silliness。　　But　they　do　not　seem　to　me　onetwentieth　part　so　silly；　from　a　purely　rationalist　point　of　view；　as　calmly　making　a　spot　hideous　in　order　to　keep　it　beautiful。〃

The　thing　that　is　really　vulgar；　the　thing　that　is　really　vile；　is　to　live　in　a　good　place　Without　living　by　its　life。　　Any　one　who　settles　down　in　a　place　without　becoming　part　of　it　is　（barring　peculiar　personal　cases；　of　course）　a　tripper　or　wandering　cad。　　For　instance；　the　Jew　is　a　genuine　peculiar　case。　　The　Wandering　Jew　is　not　a　wandering　cad。　　He　is　a　highly　civilised　man　in　a　highly　difficult　position；　the　world　being　divided；　and　his　own　nation　being　divided；　about　whether　he　can　do　anything　else　except　wander。

The　best　example　of　the　cultured；　but　common；　tripper　is　the　educated　Englishman　on　the　Continent。　　We　can　no　longer　explain　the　quarrel　by　calling　Englishmen　rude　and　foreigners　polite。　Hundreds　of　Englishmen　are　extremely　polite；　and　thousands　of　foreigners　are　extremely　rude。　　The　truth　of　the　matter　is　that　foreigners　do　not　resent　the　rude　Englishman。　What　they　do　resent；　what　they　do　most　justly　resent；　is　the　polite　Englishman。　　He　visits　Italy　for　Botticellis　or　Flanders　for　Rembrandts；　and　he　treats　the　great　nations　that　made　these　things　courteouslyas　he　would　treat　the　custodians　of　any　museum。　　It　does　not　seem　to　strike　him　that　the　Italian　is　not　the　custodian　of　the　pictures；　but　the　creator　of　them。　　He　can　afford　to　look　down　on　such　nationswhen　he　can　paint　such　pictures。

That　is；　in　matters　of　art　and　travel；　the　psychology　of　the　cad。　　If；　living　in　Italy；　you　admire　Italian　art　while　distrusting　Italian　character；　you　are　a　tourist；　or　cad。　　If；　living　in　Italy；　you　admire　Italian　art　while　despising　Italian　religion；　you　are　a　tourist；　or　cad。　It　does　not　matter　how　many　years　you　have　lived　there。　　Tourists　will　often　live　a　long　time　in　hotels　without　discovering　the　nationality　of　the　waiters。　　Englishmen　will　often　live　a　long　time　in　Italy　without　discovering　the　nationality　of　the　Italians。　　But　the　test　is　simple。　　If　you　admire　what　Italians　did　without　admiring　Italiansyou　are　a　cheap　tripper。

The　same；　of　course；　applies　much　nearer　home。　　I　have　remarked　elsewhere　that　country　shopkeepers　are　justly　offended　by　London　people；　who；　coming　among　them；　continue　to　order　all　their　goods　from　London。　　It　is　caddish　to　wink　and　squint　at　the　colour　of　a　man's　wine；　like　a　winetaster；　and　then　refuse　to　drink　it。　　It　is　equally　caddish　to　wink　and　squint　at　the　colour　of　a　man's　orchard；　like　a　landscape　painter；　and　then　refuse　to　buy　the　apples。　　It　is　always　an　insult　to　admire　a　thing　and　not　use　it。　　But　the　main　point　is　that　one　has　no　right　to　see　Stonehenge　without　Salisbury　Plain　and　Salisbury：　One　has　no　right　to　respect　the　dead　Italians　without　respecting　the　live　ones。　　One　has　no　right　to　visit　a　Christian　society　like　a　diver　visiting　the　deep…sea　fishesfed　along　a　lengthy　tube　by　another　atmosphere；　and　seeing　the　sights　without　breathing　the　air。　　It　is　very　real　bad　manners。



THE　NEW　THEOLOGIAN


It　is　an　old　story　that　names　do　not　fit　things；　it　is　an　old　story　that　the　oldest　forest　is　called　the　New　Forest；　and　that　Irish　stew　is　almost　peculiar　to　England。　　But　these　are　traditional　titles　that　tend；　of　their　nature；　to　stiffen；　it　is　the　tragedy　of　to…day　that　even　phrases　invented　for　to…day　do　not　fit　it。　　The　forest　has　remained　new　while　it　is　nearly　a　thousand　years　old；　but　our　fashions　have　grown　old　while　they　were　still　new。

The　extreme　example　of　this　is　that　when　modern　wrongs　are　attacked；　they　are　almost　always　attacked　wrongly。　　People　seem　to　have　a　positive　inspiration　for　finding　the　inappropriate　phrase　to　apply　to　an　offender；　they　are　always　accusing　a　man　of　theft　when　he　has　been　convicted　of　murder。　　They　must　accuse　Sir　Edward　Carson　of　outrageous　rebellion；　when　his　offence　has　really　been　a　sleek　submission　to　the　powers　that　be。　They　must　describe　Mr。　Lloyd　George　as　using　his　eloquence　to　rouse　the　mob；　whereas　he　has　really　shown　considerable　cleverness　in　damping　it　down。　　It　was　probably　under　the　same　impulse　towards　a　mysterious　misfit　of　names　that　people　denounced　Dr。　Inge　as　〃the　Gloomy　Dean。〃

Now　there　is　nothing　whatever　wrong　about　being　a　Dean；　nor　is　there　anything　wrong　about　being　gloomy。　　The　only　question　is　what　dark　but　sincere　motives　have　made　you　gloomy。　　What　dark　but　sincere　motives　have　made　you　a　Dean。　　Now　the　address　of　Dr。　Inge　which　gained　him　this　erroneous　title　was　mostly　concerned　with　a　defence　of　the　modern　capitalists　against　the　modern　strikers；　from　whose　protest　he　appeared　to　anticipate　appalling　results。　　Now　if　we　look　at　the　facts　about　that　gentleman's　depression　and　also　about　his　Deanery；　we　shall　find　a　very　curious　state　of　things。

When　Dr。　Inge　was　called　〃the　Gloomy　Dean〃　a　great　injustice　was　done　him。　　He　had　appeared　as　the　champion　of　our　capitalist　community　against　the　forces　of　revolt；　and　any　one　who　does　that　exceeds　in　optimism　rather　than　pessimism。　　A　man　who　really　thinks　that　strikers　have　suffered　no　wrong；　or　that　employers　have　done　no　wrongsuch　a　man　is　not　a　Gloomy　Dean；　but　a　quite　wildly　and　dangerously　happy　Dean。　A　man　who　can　feel　satisfied　with　modern　industrialism　must　be　a　man　with　a　mysterious　fountain　of　high　spirits。　　And　the　actual　occasion　is　not　less　curious；　because；　as　far　as　I　can　make　out；　his　title　to　gloom　reposes　on　his　having　said　that　our　worker's　demand　high　wages；　while　the　placid　people　of　the　Far　East　will　quite　cheerfully　work　for　less。

This　is　true　enough；　of　course；　and　there　does　not　seem　to　be　much　difficulty　about　the　matter。　Men　of　the　Far　East　will　submit　to　very　low　wages　for　the　same　reason　that　they　will　submit　to　〃the　punishment　known　as　Li；　or　Slicing〃；　for　the　same　reason　that　they　will　praise　polygamy　and　suicide；　for　the　same　reason　that　they　subject　the　wife　utterly　to　the　husband　or　his　parents；　for　the　same　reason　that　they　serve　their　temples　with　prostitutes　for　priests；　for　the　same　reason　that　they　sometimes　seem　to　make　no　distinction　between　sexual　passion　and　sexual　perversion。　　They　do　it；　that　is；　because　they　are　Heathens；　men　with　traditions　different　from　ours　about　the　limits　of　endurance　and　the　gestures　of　self…respect。　　They　may　be　very　much　better　than　we　are　in　hundreds　of　other　ways；　and　I　can　quite　understand　a　man　（though　hardly　a　Dean）　really　preferring　their　historic　virtues　to　those　of　Christendom。　A　man　may　perhaps　feel　more　comfortable　among　his　Asiatic　coolies　than　among　his　European　comrades：　and　as　we　are　to　allow　the　Broadest　Thought　in　the　Church；　Dr。　Inge　has　as　much　right　to　his　heresy　as　anybody　else。　It　is　true　that；　as　Dr。　Inge　says；　there　are　numberless　Orientals　who　will　do　a　great　deal　of　work　for　very　little　money；　and　it　is　most　undoubtedly　true　that　there　are　several　high…placed　and　prosperous　Europeans　who　like　to　get　work　done　and　pay　as　little　as　possible　for　it。

But　I　cannot　mak