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the origins of contemporary france-3-第24部分

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ruining the Belgians; on reducing them to the same state of  suffering

as the French; they would necessarily share their fate with them; that

they would then be admitted members of the Republic; with the prospect

of always making headway; through the same line of policy; that the

decree of Dec。 15; 1792; admirably favored this and; because it tended

to a complete disorganization; and that the luckiest thing that could

happen to France was to disorganize all its neighbors and reduce them

to the same state of anarchy。〃 (This conversation between Cambon and

Dumouriez occurs in the middle of January; 1793。) … Moniteur; XIV。 758

(sitting of Dec。 15; 1792)。 Report by Cambon。



'8' Chronique de Paris; Sept。 4; 1792。 〃It is a sad and terrible

situation which forces a people; naturally amiable and generous; to

take such vengeance! 〃 … Cf。 the very acute article; by St。 Beuve; on

Condorcet; in 〃Causeries du Lundi;〃  Hua (a colleague of Condorcet;

in the Legislative Assembly); 〃Mémoires;〃 89。 〃Condorcet; in his

journal; regularly falsified things; with an audacity which is

unparelleled。 The opinions of the 'Right' were so mutilated and

travestied the next day in his journal; that we; who had uttered them;

could scarcely recognise them。 On complaining of this to him and on

charging him with perfidy; the philosopher only smiled。〃



'9' Malouet; II。 215。  Dumouriez; III。 ch。 V。 〃They were elected to

represent the nation to defend; they say; its interests against a

perfidious court。〃



'10' Moniteur; X。 223 (session of Oct。 26; 1791)。 Speech by M。

Fran?ois Duval。  Grandiloquence is the order of the day at the very

first meeting。  On the 1st of October; 1791; twelve old men; marching

in procession; go out to fetch the constitutional act。 〃M。 Camus;

keeper of the records; with a composed air and downcast eyes; enters

with measured steps;〃 bearing in both hands the sacred document which

he holds against his breast; while the deputies stand up and bare

their heads。 〃People of France;〃 says an orator; 〃citizens of Paris;

all generous Frenchmen; and you; our fellow citizens  virtuous;

intelligent women; bringing your gentle influence into the sanctuary

of the law  behold the guarantee of peace which the legislature

presents to you!〃  We seem to be witnessing the last act of an

opera。



'11' Ibid。; XII。 230 (sessions of April 26 and May 5)。 Report and

speech by Fran?ois de Nantes。 The whole speech; a comic treasure from

the beginning to the end; ought to have been quoted: 〃Tell me; pontiff

of Rome; what your sentiments will be when you welcome your worthy and

faithful co…operators? 。 。 I behold your sacred hands; ready to launch

those pontifical thunderbolts; which; etc。 。 。 Let the brazier of

Sc?vola be brought in; and; with our outstretched palms above the

burning coals; we will show that there is no species of torture; no

torment which can excite a frown on the brow of him whom the love of

country exalts above humanity!〃   Suppose that; just at this moment;

a lighted candle had been placed under his hand!



'12' Moniteur; XI。 179 (session of Jan。 20; 1792)。 … Ibid。; 216

(session of Jan。 24)。 … XII。 426 (May 9)。



'13' Ibid。; XII。 479 (session of May 24)。 … XIII。 71 (session of July

7; speech by Lasource)。 … Cf。 XIV。 301 (session of July 31) a

quotation from Voltaire brought in for the suppression of the

convents。



'14' Moniteur。 Speech by Aubert Dubayer; session of Aug。 30。



'15' Speech by Chaumette; procureur of the commune; to the newly

married。 (Mortimer…Ternaux; IV。 408)。



'16' The class to which they belonged has been portrayed; to the life;

by M。 Roye…Collard (Sainte…Beuve; 〃Nouveaux Lundis;〃 IV。 263):  〃A

young lawyer at Paris; at first received in a few houses on the Ile

St。 Louis; he soon withdrew from this inferior world of attorneys and

pettyfoggers; whose tone oppressed him。 The very thought of the

impression this gallant and intensely vulgar mediocrity made upon him;

still inspired disgust。 He much preferred to talk with longshoremen;

if need be; than with these scented limbs of the law。〃



'17' Etienne Dumont; 〃Mémoires;〃 40。   Mercure de France; Nov。 19;

1791; Feb。 11 and March 3; 1792。 (articles by Mallet du Pan)。



'18' Moniteur; Dec。 17 (examination at the bar of the house of Rauch;

a pretended labor contractor; whom they are obliged to send off

acquitted)。 Rauch tells them: 〃I have no money; and cannot find a

place where I can sleep at less than 6 sous; because I pee in the

bed。〃  Moniteur; XII。 574。 (session of June 4); report by Chabot: 〃A

peddler from Mortagne; says that a domestic coming from Coblentz told

him that there was a troop about to carry off the king and poison him;

so as to throw the odium of it on the National Assembly。〃 Bernassais

de Poitiers writes: 〃A brave citizen told me last evening: 'I have

been to see a servant…girl; living with a noble。 She assured me that

her master was going to…night to Paris; to join the 30;000; who; in

about a month; meant to cut the throats of the National Assembly and

set fire to every corner of Paris!'〃 … 〃M。 Gerard; a saddler at

Amiens; writes to us that Louis XVI is to be aided in his flight by

5;000 relays; and that afterwards they are going to fire red…hot

bullets on the National Assembly。〃



'19' Mercure de France; Nov。 5; 1791 (session of Oct。 25)。  Ibid。;

Dec。 23。…Moniteur; XII。 192 (session of April 21; 1792)。  XII。 447

(address to the French; by Clootz): 〃God brought order out of

primitive chaos; the French will bring order out of feudal chaos。 God

is mighty; and manifested his will; we are mighty; and we will

manifest our will。 。 。 The more extensive the seat of war the sooner;

and more fortunately; will the suit of plebeians against the nobles be

decided。 。 。 We require enemies; 。 。 Savoy; Tuscany; and quickly;

quickly!〃



'20' Cf。 Moniteur; XI。 192 (sitting of Jan。 22; 1792)。 〃M。 Burnet;

chaplain of the national guard; presents himself at the bar of the

house with an English woman; named Lydia Kirkham; and three small

children; one of which is in her arms。 M。 Burnet announces that she is

his wife and that the child in her arms is the fruit of their

affection。 After referring to the force of natural sentiments which he

could not resist; the petitioner thus continues: 'One day; I met one

of those sacred questioners。 Unfortunate man; said he; of what are you

guilty? Of this child; sir; and I have married this woman; who is a

Protestant; and her religion has nothing to do with mine。 。 。 Death or

my wife! Such is the cry that nature now and always will; inspire me

with。〃 … The petitioner receives the honors of the Assembly。 … (Ibid。;

XII 369)。



'21' The grotesque is often that of a farce。 〃M。 Piorry; in the name

of poor; but virtuous citizens; tenders two pairs of buckles; with

this motto: 'They have served to hold the shoe…straps on my feet; they

will serve to reduce under them; with the imprint and character of

truth; all tyrants leagued against the constitution' (Moniteur; XII。

457; session of May 21)〃 … Ibid。; XIII。 249 (session of July 25)。 〃A

young citoyenne offers to combat; in person; against the enemies of

her country;〃 and the president; with a gallant air; replies: 〃Made

rather to soothe; than to combat tyrants; your offer; etc。〃



'22' Moniteur; XL 576 (session of March 6); XII。 237; 314; 368

(sessions of April 27; May 5 and 14)。



'23' Mercure de France。 Sept。 19;1791; Feb。11; and March  3; 1792。 

Buchez et Roux; XVI 185 (session of July 26; 1792)。



'24' 〃Mémoires de Mallet du Pan;〃 1433 (tableau of the three parties;

with special information)。



'25' Buchez et Roux; XII。 348 (letter by the deputy Chéron; president

of the Feuillants Club)。 The deputies of the Legislative Assembly;

registered at the Feuillants Club; number 264 besides a large number

of deputies in the Constituent Assembly。  According to Mallet du Pan

the so…called Independents number 250。



'26' These figures are verified by decisive ballottings (Mortimer…

Ternauz; II。 205; 348。)



'27' Moniteur; XII。 393 (session of May 15; speech by Isnard): 〃The

Constituent Assembly only half dared do what it had the power to do。

It has left in the field of liberty; even around the very roots of the

young constitutional tree; the old roots of despotism and of the

aristocracy 。 。 。  It has bound us to the trunk of the constitutional

tree; like powerless victims given up to the rage of their enemies。〃 …

… Etienne Dumont saw truly the educational defects peculiar to the

party。  He says; apropos of Madame Roland: 〃I found in her too much of

that distrustful despotism which belongs to ignorance of the world 。 。

。 What her intellectual development lacked was a greater knowledge of

the world and intercourse with men of superior judgment to her own。

Roland himself had little intellectual breadth; while all those who

frequented her house never rose above the prejudices of the vulgar。〃



'28'  〃Souvenirs〃; by PASQUIER (Etienne…Dennis; duc); chancelier de

France。 in VI volumes; Librarie Plon;  Paris 1893。



'29' Madame de Stael; 〃Considerations sur la Révolution Fran?aise;

IIIrd part; ch。 III。…Madame de Sta?l conversed with them and judges

them according to the shrewd perceptions of a woman of the world。



'30' Louvet; 〃Mémoires〃 32。 〃I belonged to the bold philosophers who;

before the end of 1791; lamented the fate of a great nation; compelled

to stop half…way in the career of freedom;〃 and; on page 38  〃A

minister of justice was needed。 The four ministers (Roland; Servane;

etc。) 〃cast their eyes on me。 。 。 Duranthon was preferred to me。 This

was the first mistake of the republican party。 It paid dear for it。

That mistake cost my country a good deal of blood and many tears。〃

Later on; he thinks that he has the qualifications for ambassador to

Constantinople。



'31' Buzot; 〃Mémoires〃 (Ed。 Dauban); pp。31; 39。 〃Born with a p
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