the origins of contemporary france-3-第25部分

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Constantinople。



＇31＇　Buzot；　〃Mémoires〃　（Ed。　Dauban）；　pp。31；　39。　〃Born　with　a　proud　and

independent　spirit　which　never　bowed　at　any　one's　command；　how　could　I

accept　the　idea　of　a　man　being　held　sacred？　With　my　heart　and　head

possessed　by　the　great　beings　of　the　ancient　republics；　who　are　the

greatest　honor　to　the　human　species；　I　practiced　their　maxims　from　my

earliest　years；　and　nourished　myself　on　a　study　of　their　virtues。　。　。

The　pretended　necessity　of　a　monarchy　。　。　。　could　not　amalgamate；　in

my　mind；　with　the　grand　and　noble　conceptions　formed　by　me；　of　the

dignity　of　the　human　species。　Hope　deceived　me；　it　is　true；　but　my

error　was　too　glorious　to　allow　me　to　repent　of　　it。〃　…　Self…

admiration　is　likewise　the　mental　substratum　of　Madame　Roland；　Roland；

Pétion；　Barbaroux；　Louvet；　etc。；　（see　their　writings）。　Mallet　du　Pan

well　says：　〃On　reading　the　memoirs　of　Madame　Roland；　one　detects　the

actress；　rehearsing　for　the　stage。　〃　　Roland　is　an　administrative

puppet　and　would…be　orator；　whose　wife　pulls　the　strings。　There　is　an

odd；　dull　streak　in　him；　peculiarly　his　own。　For　example；　in　1787

（Guillon　de　Montléon；　〃Histoire　de　la　ville　de　Lyon；　pendant　la

Révolution；〃　1。58）；　he　proposes　to　utilize　the　dead；　by　converting

them　into　oil　and　phosphoric　acid。　In　1788；　he　proposes　to　the

Villefranche　Academy　to　inquire　〃whether　it　would　not　be　to　the　public

advantage　to　institute　tribunals　for　trying　the　dead？〃　in　imitation　of

the　Egyptians。　In　his　report　of　Jan。　5；　1792；　he　gives　a　plan　for

establishing　public　festivals；　〃in　imitation　of　the　Spartans；〃　and

takes　for　a　motto；　Non　omnis　moriar　（Baron　de　Girardot；　〃Roland　and

Madame　Roland〃。　I。　83；　185）



＇32＇　　Political　club　uniting　moderate　and　constitutional　monarchists。

They　got　their　nickname　because　they　held　　their　meetings　in　the　old

convent　formerly　used　by　the　feullants；　a　branch　of　Cistercians　who；

led　by　　LaBarrière；　broke　away　in　1577。　The　Feuillant　Club　was

dissolved　in　1791。　（SR）。



＇33＇　Moniteur；　　XI。　61　（session　of　Jan　7；　1792）。　…　Ibid。；　204　（Jan。

25）；　281　（Feb。　1）；　310　（Feb。　4）；　318　（Feb。　6）；　343　（Feb。　9）；　487　（Feb。

26）。　…　XII。　22　（April　2）。　Reports　of　all　the　sessions　must　be　read　to

appreciate　the　force　of　the　pressure。　See；　especially；　the　sessions　of

April　9　and　16；　May　15　and　29；　June　8；　9；　15；　and　25；　July　1；　2；　5；　9；

11；　17；　18；　and　21；　and；　after　this　date；　all　the　sessions。　…

Lacretelle；　〃Dix　Ans　d'Epreuves；〃　p。　78…81。　〃The　Legislative　Assembly

served　under　the　Jacobin　Club　while　keeping　up　a　counterfeit　air　of

independence。　The　progress　which　fear　had　made　in　the　French　character

was　very　great；　at　a　time　when　everything　was　pitched　in　the

haughtiest　key。　。　。　The　majority；　as　far　as　intentions　go；　was　for　the

conservatives；　the　actual　majority　was　for　the　republicans。〃



＇34＇　Moniteur；　XIII。　212；　session　of　July　22。



＇35＇　Moniteur；　　XII。　22；　session　of　April　2。　…　Mortimer…Ternaux；　II。

95。　…　Moniteur；　　XIII。　222；　session　of　July　22。



＇36＇　　Lacretelle；　〃Dix　Ans　d'Epreuves；〃　80。



＇37＇　Mathieu　Dumas；　〃Mémoires；〃　II。　88　（Feb。　23）。　…　Hua；　〃Mémoires〃

d'un　Avocat　au　Parliament　de　Paris；〃　106；　121；　134；　154。　Moniteur；

XIII。　212　（session　of　July　21）；　speech　by　M。　…　〃The　avenues　to　this

building　are　daily　beset　with　a　horde　of　people　who　insult　the

representatives　of　the　nation。〃



＇38＇　　De　Vaublanc；　〃Mémoires；〃　344。　…　Moniteur；　　XIII。　368　（letters

and　speeches　of　deputies；　session　of　Aug。　9）。



＇39＇　Hua；　115。　　Ibid。；　90。　3　out　of　4　deputies　of　Seine…et…Oise　were

Jacobins。　〃We　met　once　a　week　to　talk　over　the　affairs　of　the

department。　We　were　obliged　to　drive　out　the　vagabonds　who；　even　at

the　table；　talked　of　nothing　but　killing。〃



＇40＇　Moniteur；　XII。　702。　For　example；　on　the　19th　of　June；　1792；　on　a

motion　unexpectedly　proposed　by　Condorcet；　that　the　departments　be

authorized　to　burn　all　titles　（to　nobility）　in　the　various　depots。　

Adopted　at　once；　and　unanimously。



＇41＇　　　Later　Stalin　and　his　successors　should　invest　the　United

Nations　and　other　international　organizations　to　indirectly　propose

and　ensure　the　acceptance　of　a　new　convention　of　human　rights；

children's　rights；　the　rights　of　refugees　etc。　In　many　cases　these

became　the　base　of　national　legislation　which　is　now　giving　trouble　to

many　of　the　Western　democracies。　（SR）。



＇42＇　　Hua；　114。



＇43＇　　Moniteur；　XII。　664。　…　Mercure　de　France；　June　23；　1792。



＇44＇　Hua；　141。　　　Mathieu　Dumas；　II。　399：　〃It　is　remarkable　that

Lafond　de　Ladébat；　one　of　our　trustiest　friends；　was　elected　president

on　the　23rd　of　July；　1792。　This　shows　that　the　majority　of　the

Assembly　was　still　sound；　but　it　was　only　brought　about　by　a　secret

vote　in　the　choice　of　candidates。　The　same　men　who　obeyed　their

consciences；　through　a　sentiment　of　justice　and　of　propriety；　could

not　face　the　danger　which　surrounded　them　in　the　threats　of　the

factions　when　they　were　called　upon　to　vote　by　rising　or　sitting。〃



＇45＇　　This　description　and　others　of　the　same　period　have　undoubtedly

been　studied　carefully　by　thousands　of　socialists　and　political

hopefuls　who；　in　any　case；　made　use　of　similar　tactics　to　take　over

thousands　of　governing　committees；　institutions　and　organizations。

（SR）。







CHAPTER　III。

I。



Policy　of　the　Assembly。　　…　　State　of　　France　at　the　end　of　1791。　…

Powerlessness　of　the　Law。



If　the　deputies　who；　on　the　1st　of　October；　1791；　so　solemnly　and

enthusiastically　swore　to　the　Constitution；　had　been　willing　to　open

their　eyes；　they　would　have　seen　this　Constitution　constantly

violated；　both　in　its　letter　and　spirit；　over　the　entire　territory。　As

usual；　and　through　the　vanity　of　authorship；　M。　Thouret；　the　last

president　of　the　Constituent　Assembly；　had；　in　his　final　report；

hidden　disagreeable　truth　underneath　pompous　and　delusive　phrases；　but

it　was　only　necessary　to　look　over　the　monthly　record　to　see　whether；

as　guaranteed　by　him；　〃the　decrees　were　faithfully　executed　in　all

parts　of　the　empire。〃　　〃　Where　is　this　faithful　execution　to　be

found？〃　inquires　Mallet　du　Pan。＇1＇　〃Is　it　at　Toulon；　in　the　midst　of

the　dead　and　wounded；　shot　in　the　very　face　of　the　amazed　municipality

and　Directory？　　Is　it　at　Marseilles；　where　two　private　individuals　are

knocked　down　and　massacred　as　aristocrats；〃　under　the　pretext　〃that

they　sold　to　children　poisoned　sugar…plums　with　which　to　begin　a

counter…revolution？〃　Is　it　at　Arles；　〃against　which　4；000　men　from

Marseilles；　dispatched　by　the　club；　are　at　this　moment　marching？〃　Is

it　at　Bayeux；　〃where　the　sieur　Fauchet　against　whom　a　warrant　for

arrest　is　out；　besides　being　under　the　ban　of　political　disability；

has　just　been　elected　deputy　to　the　Legislative　Assembly？〃　Is　it　at

Blois；　〃where　the　commandant；　doomed　to　death　for　having　tried　to

execute　these　decrees；　is　forced　to　send　away　a　loyal　regiment　and

submit　to　licentious　troops？〃　Is　it　at　N？mes；　〃where　the　Dauphiny

regiment；　on　leaving　the　town　by　the　Minister's　orders；　is　ordered　by

the　people〃　and　the　club　〃to　disobey　the　Minister　and　remain？〃　Is　it

in　those　regiments　whose　officers；　with　pistols　at　their　breasts；　are

obliged　to　leave　and　give　place　to　amateurs？　　Is　it　at　Toulouse；

〃where；　at　the　end　of　August；　the　administrative　authorities　order　all

unsworn　priests　to　leave　the　town　in　three　days；　and　withdraw　to　a

distance　of　four　leagues？〃　Is　it　in　the　outskirts　of　Toulouse；　〃where；

on　the　28th　of　August；　a　municipal　officer　is　hung　at　a　street…lamp

after　an　affray　with　guns？〃　Is　it　at　Paris；　where；　on　the　25th　of

September；　the　Irish　college；　vainly　protected　by　an　international

treaty；　has　just　been　assailed　by　the　mob；　where　Catholics；　listening

to　the　orthodox　mass；　are　driven　out　and　dragged　to　the　authorized

mass　in　the　vicinity；　where　one　woman　is　torn　from　the　confessional；

and　another　flogged　with　all　their　might？＇2＇



These　troubles；　it　is　said；　are　transient；　on　the　Constitution　being

proclaimed；　order　will　return　of　itself。　Very　well；　the　Constitution

is　voted；　accepted　by　the　King；　proclaimed；　and　entrusted　to　the

Legislative　Assembly。　Let　the　Legislative　Assembly　consider　what　is

done　in　the　first　few　weeks。　　In　the　eight　departments　that　surround

Paris；　there　are　riots　on　every　market…day；　farms　are　invaded　and　the

cultivators　of　the　soil　are　ransomed　by　bands　of　vagabonds；　the　mayor

of　Melun　is　riddled　with　balls　and　dragged　out　from　the　hands　of　the

mob　streaming　with　blood。＇3＇　At　Belfort；　a　riot　for　the　purpose　of

retaining　a　convoy　of　coin；　and　the　commissioner　of　the　Upper…Rhine　in

danger　of　death；　at　Bouxvillers；　owners　of　property　attacked　by　poor

National　Guards；　and　by　the　soldiers　of　Salm…Salm；　houses　broken　into

and　cellars　pillaged；　at　Mirecourt；　a　flock　of　women　beating　drums；

and；　for　three　days；　holding　the　H？tel…de…Ville　in　a　state　of　siege。　…

…　One　day　Rochefort　is　in　a　state　of　insurrection；　and　the　workmen　of

the　harbor　compel　the　municipality　to　unfurl　the　red　flag。＇4＇　　On　the

following　day；　it　is　Lille；　the　people　of　which；　〃unwilling　to

exchange　its　money　and　assignats　for　paper…rags；　called　billets　de

confiance；　gather　into　mobs　and　threaten；　while　a　whole　garrison　is

necessary　to　prevent　an　explosion。〃　　On　the　16th　of　October；　it　is

Avignon　in　the　power　of　bandits；　with　the　abominable　butchery　of　the

Glacière。　　On　the　5th　of　November；　at　Caen；　there　are　eighty…two

gentlemen；　townsmen　and　artisans；　knocked　down　and　dragged　to　prison；

for　having　offered　their　services　to　the　municipality　as　special

constables。　　On　the　14th　of　November；　at　Montpellier；　the　roughs

triumph；　eight　men　and　women　are　killed　in　the　streets　or　in　their

houses；　and　all　conservatives　are　disarmed　or　put　to　flight。　By　the

end　of　October；　it　is　a　gigantic　column　of　smoke　and　flame　shooting

upward　suddenly　from　week　to　week　and　spreading　everywhere；　growing；

on　the　other　side　of　the　Atlantic；　into　civil　war　in　St。　Domingo；

where