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the origins of contemporary france-3-第30部分
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it。〃'85' 〃Ah;〃 say the regulars of the Tuileries gardens; 〃if the
good patriots of the Champs de Mars only had had pikes like these the
blue…coats (Lafayette's guards) would not have had such a good hand!〃
… 〃They are to be used everywhere; wherever there are enemies of the
people; to the Chateau; if any can be found there!〃 They will override
the veto and make sure that the National Assembly will approve the
good laws。 To this purpose; the Faubourg St。 Antoine volunteers its
pikes; and; to mark the use made of them; it complains that 〃efforts
are made to substitute an aristocracy of wealth for the omnipotence of
inherited rank。〃 It demands 〃severe measures against the rascally
hypocrites who; with the Constitution in their hands; slaughter the
people。〃 It declares that 〃kings; ministers and a civil list will pass
away; but that the rights of man; national sovereignty and pikes will
not pass away;〃 and; by order of the president; the National Assembly
thanks the petitioners; 〃for the advice their zeal prompts them to
give。
The leaders of the Assembly and the people armed with pikes unite
against the rich; against Constitutionalists; against the government;
and henceforth; the Jacobin extremists march side by side with the
Girondins; both reconciled for the attack but reserved their right to
disagree until after the victory。
〃The object of the Girondists'86' is not a republic in name; but an
actual republic through a reduction of the civil lists to five
millions; through the curtailment of most of the royal prerogatives;
through a change of dynasty of which the new head would be a sort of
honorary president of the republic to which they would assign an
executive council appointed by the Assembly; that is to say; by
themselves。〃 As to the Jacobin extremists we find no principle with
them but 〃that of a rigorous; absolute application of the Rights of
Man。 With the aid of such a charter they aim at changing the laws and
public officers every six months; at extending their leveling process
to every constituted authority; to all legal pre…eminence and to
property。 The only regime they long for is the democracy of a
contentious rabble。 。 。 The vilest instruments; professional
agitators; brigands; fanatics; every sort of wretch; the hardened and
armed poverty…stricken; who; in wild disorder〃 march to the attack of
property and to 〃universal pillage〃 in short; barbarians of town and
country 〃who form their ordinary army and never leave it inactive one
single day。〃 … Under their universal; concerted and growing usurpation
the substance of power melts wholly away in the hand of the legal
authorities; little by little; these are reduced to vain counterfeits;
while from one end of France; to the other; long before the final
collapse; the party; in the provinces as well as at Paris;
substitutes; under the cry of public danger; a government of might for
the government of law。
_______________________________________________________________________
NOTES:
'1' Mercure de France; September 24; 1791。 Cf。 Report of M。 Alquier
(session of Sept。 23)。
'2' Mercure de France; Oct。 15; 1792 (the treaty with England was
dated Sep。 26; 1786)。 Ibid。; Letter of M。 Walsh; superior of the
Irish college; to the municipality of Paris。 Those who use the whips;
come out of a neighboring grog…shop。 The commissary of police; who
arrives with the National Guard; 〃addresses the people; and promises
them satisfaction;〃 requiring M。 Walsh to dismiss all who are in the
chapel; without waiting for the end of the mass。 M。 Walsh refers to
the law and to treaties。 The commissary replies that he knows
nothing about treaties; while the commandant of the national guard
says to those who laving the chapel; 〃In the name of human justice; I
order you to follow me to the church of Saint…Etienne; or I shall
abandon you to the people。〃
'3' 〃The French Revolution;〃 Vol。 I。 pp。261; 263。 〃Archives
Nationales;〃 F7; 3185 and 3186 (numerous documents on the rural
disturbances in Aisne)。 … Mercure de France; Nov。 5 and 26; Dec。 10;
1791。 … Moniteur; X。 426 (Nov。22; 1791)。
'4' Moniteur; X。 449; Nov。 23; 1791。 (Official report of the crew of
the Ambuscade; dated Sep。 30)。 The captain; M。 d'Orléans; stationed at
the Windward Islands; is obliged to return to Rochefort and is
detained there on board his ship: 〃Considering the uncertainty of his
mission; and the fear of being ordered to use the same hostilities
against brethren for which he is already denounced in every club in
the kingdom; the crew has forced the captain to return to France。〃
'5' Mercure de France; Dec。 17; address of the colonists to the king。
'6' Moniteur; XIII。 200。 Report of Sautereau; July 20; on the affair
of Corporal Lebreton。 (Nov。 11; 1791)。
'7' Saint Huruge is first tenor。 Justine (Sado…machosistic book by de
Sade) makes her appearance in the Palais…Royal about the middle of
1791。 They exhibit two pretended savages there; who; before a paying
audience; revive the customs of Tahiti。 (〃 Souvenirs of chancelier
Pasquier。 Ed。 Plon; 1893))
'8' Mercure de France; Nov。 5; 1791。 … Buchez et Roux; XII。 338。
Report by Pétion; mayor; Dec。 9; 1791。 〃Every branch of the police is
in a state of complete neglect。 The streets are dirty; and full of
rubbish; robbery; and crimes of every kind; are increasing to a
frightful degree。〃 〃Correspondance de M。 de Sta?l〃 (manuscript); Jan。
22; 1792。 〃As the police is almost worthless; freedom from punishment;
added to poverty; brings on disorder。〃
'9' Moniteur; XI。 517 (session of Feb。 29; 1792)。 Speeches by de
Lacépède and de Mulot。
'10' Lacretelle; 〃Dix ans d'Epreuves。〃 〃I know no more dismal and
discouraging aspect than the interval between the departure of the
National Assembly; on the 10th August consummated by that of September
2。〃
'11' Mercure de France; Sept。 3; 1791; article by Mallet du Pan。
'12' Moniteur; XI。 317 (session of Feb。 6; 1792)。 Speech by M。 Cahier;
a minister。 Many of the emigrants belong to the class formerly called
the Third…Estate。 No reason for emigrating; on their part; can be
supposed but that of religious anxieties。〃
'13' Decree of Nov。 9; 1791。 The first decree seems to be aimed only
at the armed gatherings on the frontier。 We see; however; by the
debates; that it affects all emigrants。 The decrees of Feb。 9 and
March 30; 1792; bear upon all; without exception。 〃Correspondance
de Mirabeau et du Comte de la Marck;〃 III。 264 (letter by M。 Pellenc;
Nov。 12; 1791) The decree (against the emigrants) was prepared in
committee; it was expected that the emigrants would return; but there
was fear of them。 It was feared that the nobles; associated with the
unsworn priests in the rural districts; might add strength to a
troublesome resistance。 The decree; as it was passed; seemed to be the
most suitable for keeping the emigrants beyond the frontiers。〃
'14' Decree of Feb。 1; 1792。 Moniteur; XI。 412 (session of Feb。
17)。 Speech by Goupilleau。 〃Since the decree of the National Assembly
on passports; emigrations have redoubled。〃 People evidently escaped
from France as from a prison。
'15' Decrees of June 18 and August 25。
'16' Decree of June 19。 Moniteur; XIII。 331。 〃In execution of the
law 。 。 。 there will be burnt; on Tuesday; August 7; on the Place
Vend?me; at 2 o'clock: 1st; 600; more or less; of files of papers;
forming the last of genealogical collections; titles and proofs of
nobility; 2nd; about 200 files; forming part of a work composed of 263
volumes; on the Order of the Holy Ghost。〃
'17' Decree of Nov。 29; 1791。 (This decree is not in Duvergier's
collection~) Moniteur; XII。 59; 247 (sessions of April 5 and 28;
1792)。
'18' At the Jacobin Club; Legendre proposes a much a more expeditious
measure for getting rid of the priests。 〃At Brest; he says; boats are
found which are called Marie…Salopes; so constructed that; on being
loaded with dirt; they go out of the harbor themselves。 Let us have a
similar arrangement for priests; but; instead of sending them out of
the harbor; let us send them out to sea; and; if necessary; let them
go down。〃 (〃Journal de Amis de la Constitution;〃 number 194; May 15;
1792。)
'19' Moniteur; XII。 560 (decree of June 3)。
'20' Decrees of July 19 and Aug。 4; completed by those of Aug。 16 and
19。
'21' Moniteur; XII。 59; 61 (session of April 3); X。 374 (session of
Nov。 13; XII 230 (session of April 26)。 The last sentence quoted
was uttered by Fran?ois de Nantes。
'22' Moniteur; XI。 43。 (session of Jan。 5; speech by Isnard)。
'23' Moniteur; XI。 356 (session of Feb。 10)。
'24' Moniteur; XI。 230 (session of April 26)。
'25' When I was a child the socialists etc。 had substituted
aristocracy with capitalists and today; in France; when the
capitalists have largely disappeared; a great many evils are caused by
the 'patronat'。 (SR)。
'26' Moniteur (session of June 22)。
'27' The words of Brissot (Patriote Fran?ais); number 887。 Letter
addressed Jan。 5 to the club of Brest; by Messrs。 Cavalier and
Malassis; deputies to the National Assembly: 〃As to the matter of the
sieur Lajaille; even though we would have taken an interest in him;
that decorated aristocrat only deserved what he got。 。 。 We shall not
remain idle until all these traitors; these perjurers; whom we have
spared so long; shall be exterminated〃 (Mercure de France; Feb。 4)。
This Jaille affair is one of the most instructive; and the best
supported by documents (Mercure de France; Dec。10 and 17)。
〃Archives Nationales;〃 F7; 3215; official report of the district
administrators; and of the municipal officers of Brest; Nov。 27; 1791。
Letter by M。 de Marigny; commissary in the navy; at Brest; Nov。 28。
Letters by M。 de la Jaille; etc。 M。 de la Jaille; sent to Brest
to take command of the Dugay…Trouin
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