the origins of contemporary france-3-第36部分

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severe　for　Mandrin；＇42＇　because　their　war　is　not　merely　on　public

persons　and　property；　as　his　was；　but　on　the　possessions；　the

proprieties；　and　the　lives　of　private　individuals。　　One　detachment

alone；　at　one　time；　extorts　in　Cavaillon　25；000　francs；　in　Baume

12；000；　in　Aubignon　15；000；　in　Pioline　4；800；　while　Caumont　is　taxed

2；000　francs　a　week。　At　Sarrians；　where　the　mayor　gives　them　the　keys；

they　pillage　houses　from　top　to　bottom；　carry　off　their　plunder　in

carts；　set　fire；　violate　and　slay　with　all　the　refinements　of　torture

of　so　many　Hurons。　An　old　lady　of　eighty；　and　a　paralytic；　is　shot　at

arms　length；　and　left　weltering　in　her　blood　in　the　midst　of　the

flames。　A　child　five　years　of　age　is　cut　in　two；　its　mother

decapitated；　and　its　sister　mutilated；　they　cut　off　the　ears　of　the

curé；　set　them　on　his　brow　like　a　cockade；　and　then　cut　his　throat；

along　with　that　of　a　pig；　and　tear　out　the　two　hearts　and　dance　around

them。＇43＇　　After　this；　for　fifty　days　around　Carpentras；　to　which　they

lay　siege　in　vain；　the　unprovoked；　cruel　instincts　of　the　chauffeurs

manifested　at　a　later　date；　the　ancient　cannibalistic　desires　which

sometimes　reappear　in　convicts；　and　the　perverted　and　over…strained

sensuality　found　in　maniacs；　have　full　play。



On　beholding　the　monster　it　has　nourished；　Avignon；　in　alarm；　utters

cries　of　distress。＇44＇　　But　the　brute；　which　feels　its　strength；　turns

against　its　former　abettors；　shows　its　teeth；　and　exacts　its　daily

food。　　Ruined　or　not；　Avignon　must　furnish　its　quota。　〃In　the

electoral　assembly；　Mainvielle　the　younger；　elected　elector；　although

he　is　only　twenty…two；　draws　two　pistols　from　his　belt　and　struts

around　with　a　threatening　air。〃＇45＇　　Duprat；　the　president；　the　better

to　master　his　colleagues；　proposes　to　them　to　leave　Avignon　and　go　to

Sorgues；　which　they　refuse　to　do；　upon　this　he　orders　cannon　to　be

brought；　promises　to　pay　those　who　will　accompany　him；　drags　along　the

timid；　and　denounces　the　rest　before　an　upper　national　court；　of　which

he　himself　has　designated　the　members。　Twenty　of　the　electors　thus

denounced　are　condemned　and　proscribed；　Duprat　threatens　to　enter　by

force　and　have　them　executed　on　the　spot；　and；　under　his　leadership；

the　army　of　Mandrins　advances　against　Avignon。　　Its　progress　is

arrested；　and；　for　two　months；　restrained　by　the　two　mediating

commissioners　for　France；　they　reduce　its　numbers；　and　it　is　on　the

point　of　being　disbanded；　when　the　brute　again　boldly　seizes　its　prey；

about　to　make　its　escape。　　On　the　21st　of　August；　Jourdan；　with　his

herd　of　miscreants；　obtains　possession　of　the　palace。　　The　municipal

body　is　driven　out；　the　mayor　escapes　in　disguise；　Tissot；　the

secretary；　is　cut　down；　four　municipal　officers　and　forty　other

persons　are　thrown　into　prison；　while　a　number　of　houses　belonging　to

the　fugitives　and　to　priests　are　pillaged；　and　thus　supply　the　bandits

with　their　first　financial　returns。＇46＇　　Then　begins　the　great

fiscal　operation　which　is　going　to　fill　their　pockets。　　Five　front

men；　chosen　by　Duprat　and　his　associates；　compose；　with　Lécuyer　as

secretary；　a　provisional　municipal　body；　which；　taxing　the　town

300；000　francs　and　suppressing　the　convents；　offers　the　spoils　of　the

churches　for　sale。　The　bells　are　taken　down；　and　the　hammers　of　the

workmen　engaged　in　breaking　them　to　pieces　are　heard　all　day　long。　A

strong…box　full　of　plate；　diamonds；　and　gold　crosses；　left　with　the

director　of　the　Mont…de…Piété；　on　deposit；　is　taken　and　carried　off　to

the　commune；　a　report　is　spread　that　the　valuables　pawned　by　the　poor

had　been　stolen　by　the　municipality；　and　that　those　〃robbers　had

already　sent　away　eighteen　trunks　full　of　them。〃　　Upon　this　the　women；

exasperated　at　the　bare　walls　of　the　churches；　together　with　the

laborers　in　want　of　work　or　bread；　all　the　common　class；　become

furious；　assemble　of　their　own　accord　in　the　church　of　the　Cordeliers；

summon　Lécuyer　to　appear　before　them；　drag　him　from　the　pulpit　and

massacre　him。＇47＇



This　time　there　seems　to　be　an　end　of　the　brigand　party；　for　the

entire　town；　the　populace　and　the　better　class；　are　against　them；

while　the　peasants　in　the　country　shoot　them　down　wherever　they　come

across　them。　　Terror；　however；　supplies　the　place　of　numbers；　and；

with　the　350　hired　killers　bravos　still　left　to　them；　the　extreme

Jacobins　undertake　to　overcome　a　city　of　30；000　souls。　Mainvielle　the

elder；　dragging　along　two　cannon；　arrives　with　a　patrol；　fires　at

random　into　the　already　semi…abandoned　church；　and　kills　two　men。

Duprat　assembles　about　thirty　of　the　towns…people；　imprisoned　by　him

on　the　31st　of　August；　and；　in　addition　to　these；　about　forty　artisans

belonging　to　the　Catholic　brotherhoods；　porters；　bakers；　coopers；　and

day…laborers；　two　peasants；　a　beggar；　a　few　women　seized　haphazard　and

on　vague　denunciations；　one　of　them；　〃because　she　spoke　ill　of　Madame

Mainvielle。〃　Jourdan　supplies　the　executioners；　the　apothecary　Mende；

brother…in…law　of　Duprat；　plies　them　with　liquor；　while　a　clerk　of

Tournal；　the　newsman；　bids　them　〃kill　all；　so　that　there　shall　be　no

witnesses　left。〃　Whereupon；　at　the　reiterated　orders　of　Mainvielle；

Tournal；　Duprat；　and　Jourdan；　with　a　complications　of　hilarious

lewdness；＇48＇　the　massacre　develops　itself　on　the　16th　of　October　and

following　days；　during　sixty…six　hours；　the　victims　being　a　couple　of

priests；　three　children；　an　old　man　of　eighty；　thirteen　women；　two　of

whom　are　pregnant；　in　all；　sixty…one　persons；　with　their　throats　slit

or　knocked　out　and　then　cast　one　on　top　of　each　other　into　the

Glacière　hole；　a　mother　on　the　body　of　her　infant；　a　son　on　the　body

of　his　father；　all　finished　off　with　rocks；　the　hole　being　filled　up

with　stones　and　covered　over　with　quicklime　on　account　of　the

smell。＇49＇　　In　the　meantime　about　a　hundred　more；　killed　in　the

streets；　are　pitched　into　the　Sorgues　canal；　five　hundred　families

make　their　escape。　The　ousted　bandits　return　in　a　body；　while　the

assassins　who　are　at　the　head　of　them；　enthroned　by　murder；　organize

for　the　benefit　of　their　new　band　a　legal　system　of　brigandage；

against　which　nobody　defends　himself。＇50＇



These　are　the　friends　of　the　Jacobins　of　Arles　and　Marseilles；　the

respectable　men　whom　M。　d'Antonelle　has　come　to　address　in　the

cathedral　at　Avignon。＇51＇　　These　are　the　pure　patriots；　who；　with

their　hands　in　the　till　and　their　feet　in　gore；　caught　in　the　act　by　a

French　army；　the　mask　torn　off　through　a　scrupulous　investigation；

universally　condemned　by　the　emancipated　electors；　also　by　the

deliberate　verdict　of　the　new　mediating　commissioners；＇52＇　are

included　in　the　amnesty　proclaimed　by　the　Legislative　Assembly　a　month

before　their　last　crime。　…　But　the　sovereigns　of　the　Bouches…du…Rh？ne

do　not　regard　the　release　of　their　friends　and　allies　as　a　pardon：

something　more　than　pardon　and　forgetfulness　must　be　awarded　to　the

murderers　of　the　Glacière。　　On　the　29th　of　April；　1792；　Rebecqui　and

Bertin；　the　vanquishers　of　Arles；　enter　Avignon＇53＇　along　with　a

cortége；　at　the　head　of　which　are　from　thirty　to　forty　of　the

principal　murderers　whom　the　Legislative　Assembly　itself　had　ordered

to　be　recommitted　to　prison；　Duprat；　Mainvielle；　Toumal；　Mende；　then

Jourdan　in　the　uniform　of　a　commanding　general　crowned　with　laurel　and

seated　on　a　white　horse；　and；　lastly；　the　dames　Duprat；　Mainvielle　and

Tournal；　in　dashing　style；　standing　on　a　sort　of　triumphal　chariot；

during　the　procession　the　cry　is　heard；　〃The　Glacière　will　be　full

this　time！　〃　　On　their　approach　the　public　functionaries　fly；　twelve

hundred　persons　abandon　the　town。　　Forthwith　each　terrorist；　under　the

protection　of　the　Marseilles　bayonets；　resumes　his　office；　like　a　man

at　the　head　of　his　household。　Raphel；　the　former　judge；　along　with　his

clerk；　both　with　warrants　of　arrest　against　them；　publicly　officiate；

while　the　relatives　of　the　poor　victims　slain　on　the　16th　of　October；

and　the　witnesses　that　appeared　on　the　trial；　are　threatened　in　the

streets；　one　of　them　is　killed；　and　Jourdan；　king　of　the　department

for　an　entire　year；　begins　over　again　on　a　grand　scale；　at　the　head　of

the　National　Guard；　and　afterwards　of　the　police　body；　the　same

performance　which；　on　a　small　scale；　he　pursued　under　the　ancient

régime；　when；　with　a　dozen　〃armed　and　mounted〃　brigands；　he　traversed

the　highways；　forced　open　lonely　houses　at　night；　and；　in　one　chateau

alone；　stole　24；000　francs。







V。



The　other　departments。　　　Uniform　process　of　the　Jacobin　conquest。　

Preconceived　formation　of　a　Jacobin　State。



The　Jacobin　conquest　takes　place　like　this：　already　in　during　April；

1792；　through　acts　of　violence　almost　equal　to　those　we　have　just

described；　it　spreads　over　more　than　twenty　departments　and；　to　a

smaller　degree；　over　the　other　sixty。＇54＇　　The　composition　of　the

parties　is　the　same　everywhere。　On　one　side　are　the　irresponsible　of

all　conditions；



　〃squanderers　who；　having　consumed　their　own　inheritance；　cannot

tolerate　that　of　another；　men　without　property　to　whom　disorder　is　a

door　open　to　wealth　and　public　office；　the　envious；　the　ungrateful

whose　obligations　to　their　benefactors　the　revolution　cancels；　the

hot…headed；　all　those　enthusiastic　innovators　who　preach　reason　with　a

dagger　in　their　hand；　the　poor；　the　brutal　and　the　wretched　of　the

lower　class　who；　possessed　by　one　leading　anarchical　idea；　one　example

of　immunity；　with　the　law　dumb　and　the　sword　in　the　scabbard；　are

stimulated　to　dare　all　things



On　the　other　side　are　the　steady…going；　peaceable　class；　minding　their

own　business；　upper　and　lower　middle　class　in　mind　and　spirit；



　〃weakened　by　being　used　to　security　and　wealth；　surprised　at　any

unforeseen　disturbance　and　trying　to　find　their　way；　isolated　from

each　other　by　diversity　of　interests；　opposing　only　tact　and　caution

to　persevering　audacity　in　defiance　of　legitimate　means；　unabl