the origins of contemporary france-3-第41部分

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wounded　on　the　forehead　by　a　sword…cut　and　obliged　to　leave　the　town。）

Feb。　20；　following　this；　a　deputy　of　the　department　denounces　the

Directory　as　unpatriotic。



＇63＇　〃Archives　Nationales；〃　F7；　3223。　Letter　of　M。　de　Riolle；　colonel

of　the　gendarmerie；　Jan。　19；　1792。　　〃One　hundred　members　of　the　club

Friends　of　Liberty〃　come　and　request　the　brigadier's　discharge。　On　the

following　day；　after　a　meeting　of　the　same　club；　〃four　hundred　persons

move　to　　the　barracks　to　send　off　or　exterminate　the　brigadier。〃



＇64＇　〃Archives　Nationales；〃　F7；　3219。　Letter　of　M。　Sainfal；　Toulouse；

March　4；　1792。　　Letter　of　the　department　Directory；　March　14。



＇65＇　〃Archives　Nationales；〃　F7；　3229。　Letter　of　M。　de　Narbonne；

minister；　to　his　colleague　M。　Cahier；　Feb。　3；　1792。　　〃The

municipality　of　Auch　has　persuaded　the　under…officers　and　soldiers　of

the　1st　battalion　that　their　chiefs　were　making　preparation　to

withdraw。〃　　The　same　with　the　municipality　and　club　of　the

Navarreins。　〃All　the　officers　except　three　have　been　obliged　to　leave

and　send　in　their　resignations。〃　…　F7；　3225。　The　same　to　the　same；

March　8。　　The　municipality　of　Rennes　orders　the　arrest　of　Col。　de

Savignac；　and　four　other　officers。　Mercure　de　France；　Feb。　18；　1792。

De　Dampmartin；　I。　230；　II。　70　（affairs　of　Landau；　Lauterbourg；　and

Avignon）。



＇66＇　　〃'The　French　Revolution；〃　I。　344　and　following　pages。　Many　other

facts　could　be　added　to　those　cited　in　this　volume。　…　〃Archives

Nationales；〃　F7；　3219。　Letter　of　M。　Neil；　administrator　of　Haute…

Garonne；　Feb。　27；　1792。　〃The　constitutional　priests　and　the　club　of

the　canton　of　Montestruc　suggested　to　the　inhabitants　that　all　the

abettors　of　unsworn　priests　and　of　aristocrats　should　be　put　to　ransom

and　laid　under　contribution。〃　…　Cf。　7；　　3193；　（Aveyron）；　F7；　3271

（Tarn）；　etc。



＇67＇　〃Archives　Nationales；〃　F7；　3200。　Letter　of　the　syndic…attorney　of

Bayeux；　May　14；　1792；　and　letter　of　the　Bayeux　Directory；　May　21。　〃The

dubs　should　be　schools　of　patriotism；　they　have　become　the　terror　of

it。　If　this　scandalous　struggle　against　the　law　and　legitimate

authority　does　not　soon　cease　liberty；　a　constitution；　and　safeguards

for　the　French　people　will　no　longer　exist〃



＇68＇　〃Archives　Nationales；〃　F7；　3253。　Letter；　of　the　Directory　of　the

Bas…Rhin；　April　26；　1792；　and　of　Dietrich；　Mayor　of　Strasbourg；　May　8。

（The　Strasbourg　club　had　publicly　invited　the　citizens　to　take　up

arms；　〃to　vigorously　pursue　priests　and　administrators。〃　）　　Letter

of　the　Besan？on　club　to　M。　Dietrich；　May　3。　〃If　the　constitution

depended　on　the　patriotism　or　the　perfidy　of　a　few　magistrates　in　one

department；　like　that　of　the　Bas…Rhin；　for　instance；　we　might　pay　you

some　attention；　and　all　the　freemen　of　the　empire　would　then　stoop　to

crush　you。　〃　　Therefore　the　Jacobin　clubs　of　the　Upper　and　Lower

Rhine　send　three　deputies　to　the　Paris　club。



＇69＇　Moniteur；　XII。　558；　May　19；　1792。　〃Letter　addressed　through

patriotic　journalists　to　all　clubs　of　the　Friends　of　the　Constitution

by　the　patriotic　central　society；　formed　at　Clermont…Ferrand。〃　（there

is　the　same　centralization　between　Lyons　and　Bordeaux。）



＇70＇　〃　Archives　Nationales；〃　F7；　3198。　Report　of　Commissioners　Bertin

and　Rebecqui；　April　3；　1792。　　Cf。　Dumouriez；　book　II。　ch。　V。　The

club　at　Nantes　wants　to　send　commissioners　to　inspect　the　foundries　of

the　Ile　d'Indrette。



＇71＇　Moniteur；　X。　420。　Report　of　M。　Cahier；　Minister　of　the　Interior；

Feb。　18；　1792。　〃In　all　the　departments　freedom　of　worship　has　been

more　or　less　violated。　。　。　Those　who　hold　power　are　cited　before　the

tribunals　of　the　people　as　their　enemies。〃　　On　the　radical　and

increasing　powerlessness　of　the　King　and　his　ministers；　Cf。　Moniteur；

XI。　11　（Dec。　31；　1791）。　　Letter　of　the　Minister　of　Finances。　　XII。

200　（April　23；　1792）；　report　of　the　Minister　of　the　Interior。　　XIII。

53　（July　4；　1792）；　letter　of　the　Minister　of　Justice。



＇72＇　Mortimer…Ternaux；　II。　369。　Letter　of　the　Directory　of　the　Basses…

Pyrénées；　June　25；　1792。　　〃Archives　Nationales；〃　F7；　3200。　Letter　of

the　Directory　of　Calvados　to　the　Minister　of　the　Interior；　Aug。　3。　〃We

are　not　agents　of　the　king　or　his　ministers。〃　…　Moniteur；　XIII。　103。

Declaration　of　M。　de　Joly；　minister；　in　the　name　of　his　colleagues

（session　of　July　10；　1792）。













CHAPTER　V。　　PARIS。



I。



Pressure　of　the　Assembly　on　the　King。　　His　veto　rendered　void　or

eluded。　　His　ministers　insulted　and　driven　away。　　The　usurpations

of　his　Girondist　ministry。　　He　removes　them。　…　Riots　being　prepared。



PREVIOUS　to　this　the　tree　was　so　shaken　as　to　be　already　tottering　at

its　base。　　　Reduced　as　the　King's　prerogative　is；　the　Jacobins　still

continue　to　contest　it；　depriving　him　of　even　its　shadow。　At　the

opening　session　they　refuse　to　him　the　titles　of　Sire　and　Majesty；　to

them　he　is　not；　in　the　sense　of　the　constitution；　a　hereditary

representative　of　the　French　people；　but　〃a　high　functionary；〃　that　is

to　say；　a　mere　employee；　fortunate　enough　to　sit　in　an　equally　good

chair　alongside　of　the　president　of　the　Assembly；　whom　they　style

〃president　of　the　nation。〃＇1＇　The　Assembly；　in　their　eyes；　is　sole

sovereign；　〃while　the　other　powers；〃　says　Condorcet；　〃can　act

legitimately　only　when　specially　authorized　by　a　positive　law；＇2＇　the

Assembly　may　do　anything　that　is　not　formally　prohibited　to　it　by　the

law；〃　'in　other　words；　interpret　the　constitution；　then　change　it；

take　it　to　pieces；　and　do　away　with　it。　Consequently；　in　defiance　of

the　constitution；　it　takes　upon　itself　the　initiation　of　war；　and；　on

rare　occasions；　on　the　King　using　his　veto；　it　sets　this　aside；　or

allows　it　to　be　set　aside。＇3＇　　In　vain　he　rejects；　as　he　has　a　legal

right　to　do；　the　decrees　which　sanction　the　persecution　of　unsworn

ecclesiastics；　which　confiscate　the　property　of　the　émigrés；　and　which

establish　a　camp　around　Paris。　At　the　suggestion　of　the　Jacobin

deputies；＇4＇　the　unsworn　ecclesiastics　are　interned；　expelled；　or

imprisoned　by　the　municipalities　and　Directories；　the　estates　and

mansions　of　the　émigrés　and　of　their　relatives　are　abandoned　without

resistance　to　the　jacqueries；　　the　camp　around　Paris　is　replaced　by

the　summoning　of　the　Federates　to　Paris。　　In　short；　the　monarch's

sanction　is　eluded　or　dispensed　with。　　As　to　his　ministers；　〃they

are　merely　clerks　of　the　Legislative　Body　decked　with　a　royal

leash。〃＇5＇　　In　full　session　they　are　maltreated；　reviled；　grossly

insulted；　not　merely　as　lackeys　of　bad　character；　but　as　known

criminals。　They　are　interrogated　at　the　bar　of　the　house；　forbidden　to

leave　Paris　before　their　accounts　are　examined；　their　papers　are

overhauled；　their　most　guarded　expressions　and　most　meritorious　acts

are　held　to　be　criminal；　denunciations　against　them　are　provoked；

their　subordinates　are　incited　to　rebel　against　them；＇6＇　committees　to

watch　them　and　calumniate　them　are　appointed；　the　perspective　of　a

scaffold　is　placed　before　them　in　every　relation；　acts　or　threats　of

accusation　being　passed　against　them；　as　well　as　against　their　agents；

on　the　shallowest　pretexts；　accompanied　with　such　miserable

quibbling；＇7＇　and　such　an　evident　falsification　of　facts　and　texts

that　the　Assembly；　forced　by　the　evidence；　twice　reverses　its　hasty

decision；　and　declares　those　innocent　whom　it　had　condemned　the

evening　before。＇8＇　　Nothing　is　of　any　avail；　neither　their　strict

fulfillment　of　the　law；　their　submission　to　the　committees　of　the

Assembly；　nor　their　humble　attitude　before　the　Assembly　itself；　〃they

are　careful　now　to　treat　it　politely　and　avoid　the　galleys。〃＇9＇　　But

this　does　not　suffice。　　They　must　become　Jacobins；　otherwise　the　high

court　of　Orleans　will　be　for　them　as　for　M。　Delessart；　the　ante…room

to　the　prison　and　the　guillotine。　　〃Terror　and　dismay；〃　says

Vergniaud；　pointing　with　his　finger　to　the　Tuileries；　〃have　often

issued　in　the　name　of　despotism　in　ancient　times　from　that　famous

palace；　let　them　to…day　go　back　to　it　in　the　name　of　law。〃＇10＇



Even　with　a　Jacobin　Minister；　terror　and　dismay　are　permanent。

Roland；　Clavières；　and　Servan　not　only　do　not　shield　the　King；　but

they　give　him　up；　and；　under　their　patronage　and　with　their

connivance；　he　is　more　victimized；　more　harassed；　and　more　vilified

than　ever　before。　Their　partisans　in　the　Assembly　take　turns　in

slandering　him；　while　Isnard　proposes　against　him　a　most　insolent

address。＇11＇　　Shouts　of　death　are　uttered　in　front　of　his　palace。　An

abbé　or　soldier　is　unmercifully　beaten　and　dragged　into　the　Tuileries

basin。　　One　of　the　gunners　of　the　Guard　reviles　the　queen　like　a　fish

woman；　and　exclaims　to　her；　〃How　glad　I　should　be　to　clap　your　head　on

the　end　of　my　bayonet！〃＇12＇　They　supposed　that　the　King　is　brought　to

heel　under　this　double　pressure　of　the　Legislative　Body　and　the

street；　they　rely　on　his　accustomed　docility；　or　at　least；　on　his

proven　lethargy；　they　think　that　they　have　converted　him　into　what

Condorcet　once　demanded；　a　signature　machine。＇13＇　　Consequently；

without　notifying　him；　just　as　if　the　throne　were　vacant；　Servan；　on

his　own　authority；　proposes　to　the　Assembly　the　camp　outside

Paris。＇14＇　　Roland；　for　his　part；　reads　to　him　at　a　full　meeting　of

the　council　an　arrogant；　pedagogical　remonstrance；　scrutinizing　his

sentiments；　informing　him　of　his　duties；　calling　upon　him　to　accept

the　new　〃religion；〃　to　sanction　the　decree　against　unsworn

ecclesiastics；　that　is　to　say；　to　condemn　to　beggary；　imprisonment；

and　transportation＇15＇　70；000　priests　and　nuns　guilty　of　orthodoxy；

and　authorize　the　camp　around　Paris；　which　means；　to　put　his　throne；

his　person；　and　his　family　at　the　mercy　of　20；000　madmen；　chosen　by

the　clubs　and　other　assemblages　expressly　to　do　him　harm；＇16＇　in

short；　to　discard　at　once　his　conscience　and　his　common　sense。　

Strange　enough；　the　royal　will　this　time　remains　staunch；　not　only

does　the　King　refuse；　but　he　dismisses　his　ministers。　So　much　th