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the origins of contemporary france-3-第44部分

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〃Feuillants;〃 no act of violence was committed。 The Paris population;

except when in a rage; is rather voluble and curious than ferocious;

besides; thus far; no one had offered any resistance。  The crowd is

now sated with shouting and parading; many of them yawn with boredom

and weariness;'43' at four o'clock they have stood on their legs for

ten or twelve hours。 The human stream issuing from the Assembly and

emptying itself into the Carrousel remains stagnant there and seems

ready to return to its usual channels。  This is not what the leaders

had intended。 Santerre; on arriving with Saint…Huruge; cries out to

his men; 〃Why didn't you enter the chateau?  You must go in  that is

what we came here for。〃'44'  A lieutenant of the Val…de…Grace gunners

shouts:  〃We have forced open the Carrousel; we must force open the

chateau too! This is the first time the Val…de…Grace gunners march 

they are not j。。。。 f。。。。  Come; follow me; my men; on to the

enemy!'45' … 〃Meanwhile; outside the gate; some of the municipal

officers selected by Pétion amongst the most revolutionary members of

the council; overcome resistance by their speeches and commands。

'After all;〃 says one of them; named Mouchet; 〃the right of petition

is sacred。〃  〃 Open the gate!〃 shout Sergent and Boucher…René;

〃nobody has a right to shut it。  Every citizen has a right to go

through it!〃'46'  A gunner raises the latch; the gate opens and the

court fills in the winkling of an eye;'47' the crowd rushes under the

archway and up the grand stairway with such impetuosity that a cannon

borne along by hand reaches the third room on the first story before

it stops。 The doors crack under the blows of axes and; in the large

hall of the Oeil de B?uf; the multitude find themselves face to face

with the King。



In such circumstances the representatives of public authority; the

directories; the municipalities; the military chiefs; and; on the 6th

of October; the King himself; have all thus far yielded; they have

either yielded or perished。 Santerre; certain of the issue; preferred

to take no part in this affair; he prudently holds back; he shies

away; and lets the crowd push him into the council chamber; where the

Queen; the young Dauphin; and the ladies have taken refuge。'48'

There; with his tall; corpulent figure; he formed a sort of shield to

forestall useless and compromising injuries。  In the mean time; in the

Oeil de B?uf; he lets things take their course; everything will be

done in his absence that ought to be done; and in this he seems to

have calculated justly。  On one side; in a window recess; sits the

King on a bench; almost alone; while in front of him; as a guard; are

four or five of the National Guards; on the other side; in the

apartments; is an immense crowd; hourly increasing according as the

rumor of the irruption spreads in the vicinity; fifteen or twenty

thousand persons; a prodigious accumulation; a pell…mell traversed by

eddies; a howling sea of bodies crushing each other; and of which the

simple flux and reflux would flatten against the walls obstacles ten

times as strong; an uproar sufficient to shatter the window panes;

〃frightful yells;〃 curses and imprecations; 〃Down with M。 Veto!〃 〃Let

Veto go to the devil!〃 〃Take back the patriot ministers!〃 〃He shall

sign; we won't go away till he does!〃'49'  Foremost among them all;

Legendre; more resolute than Santerre; declares himself the spokesman

and trustee of the powers of the sovereign people: 〃Sir;〃 says he to

the King; who; he sees; makes a gesture of surprise; 〃yes; Sir; listen

to us; you are made to listen to what we say!  You are a traitor! You

have always deceived us; you deceive us now! But look out; the measure

is full; the people are tired of being played upon ! 〃  〃 Sire;

Sire;〃 exclaims another fanatic; 〃I ask you in the name of the hundred

thousand beings around us to recall the patriot ministers。 。 。   I

demand the sanction of the decree against the priests and the twenty

thousand men。 Either the sanction or you shall die!〃  But little is

wanting for the threat to be carried out。 The first comers are on

hand; 〃presenting pikes;〃 among them 〃a brigand;〃 with a rusty sword

blade on the end of a pole; 〃very sharp;〃 and who points this at the

King。 Afterwards the attempt at assassination is many times renewed;

obstinately; by three or four madmen determined to kill; and who make

signs of so doing; one; a shabby; ragged fellow; who keeps up his

excitement with 〃the foulest propositions;〃 the second one; 〃a so…

called conqueror of the Bastille;〃 formerly  porte…tête for Foulon and

Berthier; and since driven out of the battalion; the third; a market…

porter; who; 〃for more than an hour;〃 armed with a saber; makes a

terrible effort to make his way to the king。'50'  Nothing is done。

The king remains impassible under every threat。  He takes the hand of

a grenadier who wishes to encourage him; and; placing it on his

breast; bids him; 〃See if that is the beating of a heart agitated by

fear。〃'51'  To Legendre and the zealots who call upon him to sanction;

he replies without the least excitement:



〃I have never departed from the Constitution。 。  。 。 I will do what

the Constitution requires me to do。 。 。 。 It is you who break the

law。〃



 And; for nearly three hours; remaining standing; blockaded on his

bench;'52' he persists in this without showing a sign of weakness or

of anger。 This cool deportment at last produces an effect; the

impression it makes on the spectators not being at all that which they

anticipated。  It is very clear that the personage before them is not

the monster which has been depicted to them; a somber; imperious

tyrant; the savage; cunning Charles IX。 they had hissed on the stage。

They see a man somewhat stout; with placid; benevolent features; whom

they would take; without his blue sash; for an ordinary; peaceable

bourgeois。'53'  His ministers; near by; three or four men in black

coats; gentlemen and respectable employees; are just what they seem to

be。  In another window recess stands his sister; Madame Elizabeth;

with her sweet and innocent face。 This pretended tyrant is a man like

other men; he speaks gently; he says that the law is on his side; and

nobody says the contrary; perhaps he is less wrong than he is thought

to be。  If he would only become a patriot!  A woman in the room

brandishes a sword with a cockade on its point; the King makes a sign

and the sword is handed to him; which he raises and; hurrahing with

the crowd; cries out: Vive la Nation! That is already one good sign。 A

red cap is shaken in the air at the end of a pole。  Some one offers it

to him and he puts it on his head; applause bursts forth; and shouts

of Vive la Nation! Vive la Liberte! and even vive le Roi!



From this time forth the greatest danger is over。  But it is not that

the besiegers abandon the siege。 〃He did damned well;〃 they exclaim;

〃to put the cap on; and if he hadn't we would have seen what would

come of it。 And damn it; if he does not sanction the decree against

the priests; and do it right off; we will come back every day。  In

this way we shall tire him out and make him afraid of us。  But the

day wears on。 The heat is over…powering; the fatigue extreme; the King

less deserted and better protected。  Five or six of the deputies;

three of the municipal officers; a few officers of the National Guard;

have succeeded in making their way to him。  Pétion himself; mounted on

a sofa; harangues the people with his accustomed flattery。'54'  At the

same time Santerre; aware of the opportunity being lost; assumes the

attitude of a liberator; and shouts in his rough voice: 〃I answer for

the royal family。  Let me see to it。〃 A line of National Guards forms

in front of the King; when; slowly and with difficulty; urged by the

mayor; the crowd melts away; and; by eight o'clock in the evening; it

is gone。

_______________________________________________________________________

Notes:



'1' Moniteur; X。 39 and following pages (sessions of Oct。 5 and 6;

1791)。 Speeches by Chabot; Couthon; Lequinio; and Vergniaud。 … Mercure

de France; Oct。 15。 Speech by Robespierre; May 17; 1790。  〃The king is

not the nation's representative; but its clerk。 … Cf。 Ernest Hamel;

〃Vie de Robespierre。〃



'2' Moniteur;  XIII。 97 (session of July 6; 1792)



'3' Buchez et Roux; XIII。 61; Jan。28; 1792。 The King in his usually

mild way calls the attention of the Assembly to the usurpation it is

committing。 〃The form adopted by you is open to important

observations。 I shall not extend these to…day; the gravity of the

situation demands that I concern myself much more with maintaining

harmonious sentiments than with continually discussing my rights。〃



'4' Sauzay; II。 99。 Letter of the deputy Vernerey to the Directory of

Doubs: 〃The Directory of the department may always act with the

greatest severity against the seditious; and; apart from the article

relating to their pension; follow the track marked out in the decree。

If the executive desires to impede the operations of the Directory。 。

。  the latter has its recourse in the National Assembly; which in all

probability will afford it a shelter against ministerial attacks。〃 

Moniteur; XII。 202 (session of April 23)。 Report of Roland; Minister

of the Interior。 Already at this date forty…two departments had

expelled or interned the unsworn ecclesiastics。



'5' Mercure…de…France; Feb。25。



'6' Moniteur; X。 440 (session of Nov。22; 1791)。 A letter to M。

Southon; Director of the Mint at Paris; is read; 〃complaining of an

arbitrary order; that of the Minister of the Interior; to report

himself at Pau on the 25th of this month; under penalty of dismissal。〃

Isnard supports the charge: 〃M。 Southon;〃 he says; 〃is here at work on

a very circumstantial denunciation of the Minister of the Interior

'Applause from the galleries。' If citizens who are zealous enough to

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