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the origins of contemporary france-3-第45部分

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'Applause from the galleries。' If citizens who are zealous enough to

make war on abuses are sent back to their departments we shall never

have denunciations〃 'The applause is renewed。' … Ibid。; X; 504

(session of Nov。 29)。 Speech by Isnard: 〃Our ministers must know that

we are not fully satisfied with the conduct of each of them 'repeated

applause'; that henceforth they must simply choose between public

gratitude and the vengeance of the law; and that our understanding of

the word responsibility  is death。〃 'The applause is renewed。'  The

Assembly orders this speech to be printed and sent into the

departments。 … Cf。 XII; 73; 138; etc。



'7' Moniteur; XI。 603。 (Session of March 10。 Speech by Brissot; to

secure a decree of accusation against M。 Delessart; Minister of

Foreign Affairs。) M。 Delessart is a 〃perfidious man;〃 for having

stated in a dispatch that 〃the Constitution; with the great majority

of the nation; has become a sort of religion which is embraced with

the greatest enthusiasm。〃 Brissot denounces these two expressions as

inadequate and anti…patriotic。…Ibid。; XII。 438 (session of May 20)。

Speech by Guadet: 〃Larivière; the juge…de…paix; has convicted himself

of the basest and most atrocious of passions; in having desired to

usurp the power which the Constitution has placed in the hands of the

National Assembly。〃  I do not believe that Laubardemont himself

could have composed anything equal to these two speeches。  Cf。 XII。

462 (session of May 23)。 Speech by Brissot and one by Gonsonné on the

Austrian committee。 The feebleness and absurdity of their argument is

incredible。



'8' Affairs of the Minister Duport…Dutertre and of the Ambassador to

Vienna; M。 de Noailles。



'9' Mercure de France; March 10; 1792。



'10' Moniteur;  XI。 607 (session of March 10)。



'11' Moniteur; XII 。396 (session of May 15)。 Isnard's address is the

ground…plan of Roland's famous letter。  Cf。 passim; the sessions of

the Assembly during the Girondist ministry; especially those of May 19

and 20; June 5; etc。



'12' Dumouriez; 〃Mémoires;〃 book III。 ch。 VI。



'13' 〃Letter of a young mechanician;〃 proposing to make a

constitutional king; which; 〃by means of a spring; would receive from

the hands of the president of the Assembly a list of ministers

designated by the majority〃 (1791)。



'14' Servan; who was Girondist minister of war; proposed to let 20 000

fédérés  or provincial National guards establish themselves outside

Paris。 (SR)。



'15' You will meet this sinister expression later on when the

Government ceased killing in France but simply sent undesirables and

imaginary or real opponents overseas to death…camps。 Transportation

was used by Stalin and Hitler only their extermination took place in

their own countries not overseas。 (SR)。



'16' Moniteur; XI。 426 (session of May 19)。 Speech by Lasource: 〃Could

not things be so arranged as to have a considerable force near enough

to the capital to terrify and keep inactive the factions; the

intriguers; the traitors who are plotting perfidious plans in its

bosom; simultaneously with the maneuvers of outside enemies?〃



'17' 'Mallet du Pan; 〃Mémoires。〃 I。 303。 Letter of Malouet; June 29:

〃The king is calm and perfectly resigned。 On the 19th he wrote to his

confessor: 〃Come; sir; never have I had so much need of your

consolations。 I am done with men; I must now turn my eyes to heaven。

Sad events are announced for to…morrow。 I shall have courage。' 〃 

〃Lettres de Coray au Protopsalte de Smyrne〃 (translated by M。 de Queux

de Saint…Hilaire;) 145; May 1st: 〃The court is in peril every moment。

Do not be surprised if I write you some day that his unhappy king and

his wife are assassinated。〃。〃



'18' Rétif de la Bretonne; 〃Nuits de Paris;〃 VoL XVI。 (analyzed by

Lacroix in 〃Bibliothèque de Rétif de la Bretonne〃 )。 Rétif is the

man in Paris who lived the most in the streets and had the most

intercourse with the low class。



'19' 〃Archives Nationales;〃 F7; 3276。 Letter from the Directory of

Clamecy; March 27; and official report of the civil commissioners;

March 31; 1792; on the riot of the raftsmen。 Tracu; their captain;

armed with a cudgel ten feet long; compelled peaceful people to march

along with him; threatening to knock them down; he tried to get the

head of Peynier; the clerk of the Paris dealers in wood。 〃I shall have

a good supper to…night;〃 he exclaimed 〃(or the head of that bastard

Peynier is a fat one; and I'll stick it in my Pot!〃



'20' Letters of Coray; 126。 〃This pillaging has lasted three days;

Jan。 22; 23 and 24; and we expect from hour to hour similar riots

still more terrible。〃



'21' Mercier (〃 Tableau de Paris〃) had already noticed before the

Revolution this habit of the Parisian workman; especially among the

lowest class of workmen。



'22' Mortimer…Ternaux; 1。346 (letter of June 21; 1792)。



'23' Buchez et Roux;  VIII。 25 (session of the National Assembly;

Nov。10; 1790)。 Petition presented by Danton in the name of the forty…

eight sections of Paris。



'24' Buchez et Roux; XIV。 268 (May。 1792)。 Article by Robespierre

against the fête decreed in honor of Simonneau; Mayor of Etampes;

assassinated in a riot: 〃Simonneau was guilty before he became a

victim。〃



'25' How can one forget that great seducer of the masses Hitler? In

his book 〃Hitler Speaks〃 page 208 Rauschning reports Hitler as saying:

〃It is true that the masses are uncritical; but not in the way these

idiots of Marxists and  reactionaries imagine。 The masses have their

critical faculties; too; but they function differently from those of

the private individual。 The masses are like an animal they obeys

instincts。 They do not reach conclusions by reasoning。 My success in

initiating the greatest people's movement of all time is due to my

never having done anything in violation of the vital laws and feelings

of the mass。 These feelings may be primitive; but they have the

resistance and indestructibility of natural qualities。 A once

intensely felt experience in the life of the masses; like ration cards

and inflation; will never again be driven out of their blood。 The

masses have a simple system of thinking and feeling; and anything that

cannot be fitted into it disturbs them。 It is only because I take

their vital laws into consideration that I can rule them。〃



'26'  Moniteur;  XII。 254。 … According to the royal almanac of 1792

the Paris national guard comprises 32;000 men; divided into sixty

battalions; to which must be added the battalions of pikemen;

spontaneously organized and composed; especially of the non…active

citizens。 … Cf。 in 〃Les Révolutions de Paris;〃 Prudhomme's Journal;

the engravings which represent this sort of procession。



'27' Buchez et Roux; XV。 122。 Declaration of Lareynie; a volunteer

soldier in the Ile Saint…Louis battalion。  To those which he names I

add Huguenin; because on the 20th of June it was his duty to read the

petition of the rioters; also Saint…Huruge; because he led the mob

with Santerre。  About Rossignol; Cf。 Dauban; 〃La Demagogie à Paris;〃

369 (according to the manuscript memoirs of Mercier du Rocher)。 He

reaches Fontenay Aug。21; 1793; with the representative Bourbotte;

Momoro; commissary…general; three adjutants; Moulins; Hasard; the ex…

priest; Grammont; an ex…actor and several prostitutes。  〃The prettiest

shared her bed with Bourbotte and Rossignol。〃 They lodge in a mansion

to which seals are affixed。 〃The seals were broken; and jewelry;

dresses; and female apparel were confiscated for the benefit of the

general and his followers。 There was nothing; even down to the

crockery; which did not become the booty of these self…styled

republicans〃



'28' Mathon de la Varenne; 〃Histoire particulière des événements qui

ont eu lieu en juin; juillet; ao?t; et septembre; 1792;〃 p。 23。 (He

knew Saint…Huruge personally。) Saint…Huruge had married an actress at

Lyons in 1778。 On returning to Paris he learned through the police

that his wife was a trollop; and he treated her accordingly。 Enraged;

she looked up Saint…Huruge's past career; and found two charges

against him; one for the robbery and assassination of an alien

merchant; and the other for infanticide; she obtained his

incarceration by a lettre…de…cachet。 He was shut in Charenton from

Jan。 14; 1781; to December; 1784; when he was transferred to another

prison and afterwards exiled to his estates; from which he fled to

England。  He returned to France on the outbreak of the Revolution。



'29' With respect to connivance;  Cf。 Mortimer…Ternaux; I。 132 and the

following pages。 … Mallet du Pan; 〃Mémoires;〃 I。 300。 Letter of the

Abbé de Pradt; June 21; 1795。 〃The insurrection had been announced for

several days。 。 。 The evening before; 150 deputies so many Jacobins;

had dined at their great table in the Champs…Elysées; and distributed

presents of wine and food。〃



'30' Moniteur; XII。 642 (session of June 12; 1792; narrative of M。

Delfaux; deputy)。 … The execution of Damiens was witnessed by

Parisians still living; while 〃Charles IX。;;〃 by Marie Chénier; was at

this time the most popular tragedy。   The French people;〃 says M。

Ferières (I。 35); 〃went away from its representation eager for

vengeance and tormented with a thirst for blood。 At the end of the

fourth act a lugubrious bell announces the moment of the massacre; and

the audience; drawing in its breath sighing and groaning; furiously

exclaims silence! silence! as if fearing that the sound of this death…

knell had not stirred the heart to its very depths。〃  〃 Révolutions

de Paris;〃 number for June 23; 1792。 〃The speakers; under full sail;

distributed their parts amongst themselves;〃 one against the staffs;

another against priests; another against judges; department; and the

ministers; and especially the king。 〃Some there are; and we agree in

this with the sieur Delfaux; who pass the measure and advis
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