the origins of contemporary france-3-第48部分

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the　majority　for　a　long　time　having　been　subject　to　the　same　pressure

as　the　King。　〃If　you　refuse　to　respond　to　our　wishes；〃　as　a　placard　of

the　23rd　of　June　had　already　informed　them；　〃our　hands　are　lifted；　and

we　shall　strike　all　traitors　wherever　they　can　be　found；　even　amongst

yourselves。〃＇22＇　　〃Court　favorites；〃　says　a　petition　of　August　6；

〃have　seats　in　your　midst。　Let　their　inviolability　perish　if　the

national　will　must　always　tamely　submit　to　that　lethal　power！〃　　In

the　Assembly　the　yells　from　the　galleries　are　frightful；　the　voices　of

those　who　speak　against　dethronement　are　overpowered；　so　great　are　the

hooting；　the　speakers　are　driven　out　of　the　tribune。＇23＇　Sometimes　the

〃Right〃　abandons　the　discussion　and　leaves　the　chamber。　The　insolence

of　the　galleries　goes　so　far　that　frequently　almost　the　entire

Assembly　murmurs　while　they　applaud；　the　majority；　in　short；　loudly

expresses　anger　at　its　bondage。＇24＇　　Let　it　be　careful！　　In　the

tribunes　and　at　the　approaches　to　the　edifice；　stand　the　Federates；

men　who　have　a　tight　grip。　They　will　force　it　to　vote　the　decisive

measure；　the　accusation　of　Lafayette；　the　decree　under　which　the　armed

champion　of　the　King　and　the　Constitution　must　fall。　The　Girondists；

to　make　sure　of　it；　exact　a　call　of　the　house；　in　this　way　the　names

are　announced　and　printed；　thus　designating　to　the　populace　the

opponents　of　the　measure；　so　that　none　of　them　are　sure　of　getting　to

their　homes　safe　and　sound。　　Lafayette；　however；　a　liberal；　a

democrat；　and　a　royalist；　as　devoted　to　the　Revolution　as　to　the　Law；

is　just　the　man；　who；　through　his　limited　mental　grasp；　his

disconnected　political　conceptions；　and　the　nobleness　of　his

contradictory　sentiments；　best　represents　the　present　opinion　of　the

Assembly；　as　well　as　that　of　France。＇25＇　　Moreover；　his　popularity；

his　courage；　and　his　army　are　the　last　refuge。　　The　majority　feels

that　in　giving　him　up　they　themselves　are　given　up；　and；　by　a　vote　of

400　to　224；　it　acquits　him。　　On　this　side；　again；　the　strategy　of

the　Girondists　is　found　erroneous。　　Power　slips　away　from　them　the

second　time。　　Neither　the　King　nor　the　Assembly　have　consented　to

restore　it　to　them；　while　they　can　no　longer　leave　it　suspended　in　the

air；　or　defer　it　until　a　better　opportunity；　and　keep　their　Jacobin

acolytes　waiting。　　The　feeble　leash　restraining　the　revolutionary　dog

breaks　in　their　hands；　the　dog　is　free　and　in　the　street







III。



The　Girondins　have　worked　for　the　benefit　of　the　Jacobins。　　　The

armed　force　sent　away　or　disorganized。　　The　Federates　summoned。　

Brest　and　Marseilles　send　men。　　　Public　sessions　of　administrative

bodies。　　　Permanence　of　administrative　bodies　and　of　the　sections。　…

…　　Effect　of　these　two　measures。　　The　central　bureau　of　the　H？tel…

de…ville。　　　Origin　and　formation　of　the　revolutionary　Commune。



Never　was　better　work　done　for　another。　Every　measure　relied　on　by

them　for　getting　power　back；　serves　only　to　place　it　in　the　hands　of

the　mob。　　On　the　one　hand；　through　a　series　of　legislative　acts　and

municipal　ordinances；　they　have　set　aside　or　disbanded　the　army；　alone

capable　of　repressing　or　intimidating　it。　On　the　29th　of　May　they

dismissed　the　king's　guard。　On　the　15th　of　July　they　ordered　away　from

Paris　all　regular　troops。　On　the　16th　of　July；＇26＇　　they　select　〃　for

the　formation　of　a　body　of　infantry…gendarmerie；　the　former　French…

guardsmen　who　served　in　the　Revolution　about　the　epoch　of　the　1st　day

of　June；　1789；　the　officers；　under…officers；　gunners；　and　soldiers　who

gathered　around　the　flag　of　liberty　after　the　12th　of　July　of　that

year；〃　that　is　to　say；　a　body　of　recognized　insurgents　and　deserters。

On　the　6th　of　July；　in　all　towns　of　50；000　souls　and　over；　they　strike

down　the　National　Guard　by　discharging　its　staff；　〃an　aristocratic

corporation；〃　says　a　petition；＇27＇　〃a　sort　of　modern　feudality

composed　of　traitors；　who　seem　to　have　formed　a　plan　for　directing

public　opinion　as　they　please。〃　Early　in　August；＇28＇　they　strike　into

the　heart　of　the　National　Guard　by　suppressing　special　companies；

grenadiers；　and　chasseurs；　recruited　amongst　well…to…do…people；　the

genuine　elite；　stripped　of　its　uniform；　reduced　to　equality；　lost　in

the　mass；　and　now；　moreover；　finding　its　'ranks　degraded　by　a　mixture

of　interlopers；　federates；　and　men　armed　with　pikes。　Finally；　to

complete　the　pell…mell；　they　order　that　the　palace　guard　be　hereafter

composed　daily　of　citizens　taken　from　the　sixty　battalions；＇29＇　so

that　the　chiefs　may　no　longer　know　their　men　nor　the　men　their　chiefs；

so　that　no　one　may　place　confidence　in　his　chief；　in　his　subordinate；

in　his　neighbor；　or　in　himself；　so　that　all　the　stones　of　the　human

dike　may　be　loosened　beforehand；　and　the　barrier　crumble　at　the　first

onslaught。　　　On　the　other　hand；　they　have　taken　care　to　provide　the

insurrection　with　a　fighting　army　and　an　advanced　guard。　By　another

series　of　legislative　acts　and　municipal　ordinances；　they　authorize

the　assemblage　of　the　Federates　at　Paris；　they　allow　them　pay　and

military　lodgings；＇30＇　they　allow　them　to　organize　under　a　central

committee　sitting　at　the　Jacobin　club；　and　to　take　their　instructions

from　that　club。　Of　these　new…comers；　two…thirds；　genuine　soldiers　and

true　patriots；　set　out　for　the　camp　at　Soissons　and　for　the　frontier；

one…third　of　them；　however；　remain　at　Paris；＇31＇　perhaps　2；000；　the

rioters　and　politicians；　who；　feasted；　entertained；　indoctrinated；　and

each　lodged　with　a　Jacobin；　become　more　Jacobin　than　their　hosts；　and

incorporate　themselves　with　the　revolutionary　battalions；　so　as　to

serve　the　good　cause　with　their　guns。＇32＇　　Two　squads；　late　comers；

remain　separate；　and　are　only　the　more　formidable；　both　are　dispatched

by　the　towns　on　the　sea…cost　in　which；　four　months　before　this；

〃twenty…one　capital　acts　of　insurrection　had　occurred；　all　unpunished；

and　several　under　sentence　of　the　maritime　jury。〃＇33＇　　The　first；

numbering　300　men；　comes　from　Brest；



*　where　the　municipality；　as　infatuated　as　those　of　Marseilles　and

Avignon；　engages　in　armed　expeditions　against　its　neighbors；　where

popular　murder　is　tolerated；



*　where　M。　de　la　Jaille　is　nearly　killed　；



*　where　the　head　of　M。　de　la　Patry　is　borne　on　a　pike；



*　where　veteran　rioters　compose　the　crews　of　the　fleet；



*　where　〃workers　paid　by　the　State；　clerks；　masters；　non…commission

officers；　converted　into　agitators；　political　stump…speakers；　movers；

and　critics　of　the　administration；〃　ask　only　to　be　given　roles　to

perform　on　a　more　conspicuous　stage。



The　second　troop；　summoned　from　Marseilles　by　the　Girondins；　Rebecqui；

and　Barbaroux；＇34＇　comprises　516　men；　intrepid；　ferocious　adventurers；

from　everywhere；　either　Marseilles　or　abroad；　Savoyards；　Italians；

Spaniards；　driven　out　of　their　country；　almost　all　of　the　vilest

class；　or　gaining　a　livelihood　by　infamous　pursuits；　〃hit…men　and

their　henchmen　of　evil　haunts；〃　used　to　blood；　quick　to　strike；　good

cut…throats；　picked　men　out　of　the　bands　that　had　marched　on　Aix；

Arles；　and　Avignon；　the　froth　of　that　froth　which；　for　three　years；　in

the　Comtat　and　in　the　Bouches…du…Rh？ne；　boiled　over　the　useless

barriers　of　the　law。　　　The　very　day　they　reach　Paris　they　show　what

they　can　do。＇35＇　　Welcomed　with　great　pomp　by　the　Jacobins　and　by

Santerre；　they　are　conducted；　for　a　purpose；　to　the　Champs…Elysées；

into　a　tavern；　near　the　restaurant　in　which　the　grenadiers　of　the

Filles　St。　Thomas；　bankers；　brokers；　leading　men；　well…known　for　their

attachment　to　a　monarchical　constitution；　were　dining　in　a　body；　as

announced　several　days　in　advance。　The　mob　which　had　formed　a　convoy

for　the　Marseilles　battalion；　gathers　before　the　restaurant；　shouts；

throws　mud；　and　then　lets　fly　a　volley　of　stones　；　the　grenadiers　draw

their　sabers。　Forthwith　a　shout　is　heard　just　in　front　of　them；　à　nous

les　Marseillais！　upon　which　the　gang　jump　out　of　the　windows　with　true

southern　agility；　clamber　across　the　ditches；　fall　upon　the　grenadiers

with　their　swords；　kill　one　and　wound　fifteen。　　No　début　could　be

more　brilliant。　The　party　at　last　possesses　men　of　action；＇36＇　and

they　must　be　kept　within　reach！　Men　who　do　such　good　work；　and　so

expeditiously；　must　be　well　posted　near　the　Tuileries。　The　mayor；

consequently；　on　the　night　of　the　8th　of　August；　without　informing　the

commanding　general；　solely　on　his　own　authority；　orders　them　to　leave

their　barracks　in　the　Rue　Blanche　and　take　up　their　quarters；　with

their　arms　and　cannon；　in　the　barracks　belonging　to　the

Cordeliers。＇37＇



Such　is　the　military　force　in　the　hands　of　the　Jacobin　masses；　nothing

remains　but　to　place　the　civil　power　in　their　hands　also；　and；　as　the

first　gift　of　this　kind　was　made　to　them　by　the　Girondins；　they　will

not　fail　to　make　them　the　second　one。　　　On　the　1st　of　July；　they

decree　that　the　sessions　of　administrative　bodies　should　thenceforth

be　public；　this　is　submitting　municipalities；　district；　and　department

councils；　as　well　as　the　National　Assembly　itself；　to　the　clamor；　the

outrages；　the　menaces；　the　rule　of　their　audiences；　which　in　these

bodies　as　in　the　National　Assembly；　will　always　be　Jacobin。＇38＇　On　the

11th　of　July；　on　declaring　the　country　in　danger；＇39＇　they　render　the

sessions　permanent；　first　of　the　administrative　bodies；　and　next　of

the　forty…eight　sections　of　Paris；　which　is　a　surrender　of　the

administrative　bodies　　and　the　forty…eight　sections　of　Paris　to　the

Jacobin　minority；　which　minority；　through　its　zeal　and　being　ever

present；　knows　how　to　convert　itself　into　a　majority。　　　　Let　us

trace　the　consequences　of　this；　and　see　the　selection　which　is　thus

effected　by　the　double　decree。　Those　who　attend　these　meetings；　day

and　night；　are　not　the　steady；　busy　people。　In　the　first　place；　they

are　too　busy　in　their　own　counting…rooms；　shops　and　factories　to　lose

so　much　time。　In　the　next　place；　they　are　too　sensible；