the origins of contemporary france-3-第52部分

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from　his　functions；　and　that　he　will　return　to　the　Tuileries　as　a

private　individual。　　On　leaving　the　palace；　indeed；　he　orders　his

valet　to　keep　up　the　service　until　he　himself　returns　from　the

National　Assembly。＇88＇



He　did　not　count　on　the　exigencies；　blindness　and　disorders　of　the

riot。　Threatened　by　the　Jacobin　gunners　remaining　with　their　artillery

in　the　inside　courts；　the　gatekeepers　open　the　gates。　The　insurgents

rush　in；　fraternise　with　the　gunners；　reach　the　vestibule；　ascend　the

grand　staircase；　and　summon　the　Swiss　to　surrender。＇89＇　　These　show

no　hostile　spirit；　many　of　them；　as　a　mark　of　good　humor；　throw

packets　of　cartridges　out　of　the　windows；　some　even　go　so　far　as　to

let　themselves　be　embraced　and　led　away。　The　regiment；　however；

faithful　to　its　orders；　will　not　yield　to　force。＇90＇　　〃We　are　Swiss；〃

replies　the　sergeant；　Blaser；　〃the　Swiss　do　not　part　with　their　arms

but　with　their　lives。　We　think　that　we　do　not　merit　such　an　insult。

If　the　regiment　is　no　longer　wanted；　let　it　be　legally　discharged。

But　we　will　not　leave　our　post；　nor　will　we　let　our　arms　be　taken　from

us。〃　The　two　bodies　of　troops　remain　facing　each　other　on　the

staircase　for　three…quarters　of　an　hour；　almost　intermingled；　one

silent　and　the　other　excited；　turbulent；　and　active；　with　all　the

ardor　and　lack　of　discipline　peculiar　to　a　popular　gathering；　each

insurgent　striving　apart；　and　in　his　own　way；　to　corrupt；　intimidate；

or　constrain　the　Swiss　Guards。　Granier；　of　Marseilles；　at　the　head　of

the　staircase；　holds　two　of　them　at　arms'　length；　trying　in　a　friendly

manner　to　draw　them　down。＇91＇　　At　the　foot　of　the　staircase　the　crowd

is　shouting　and　threatening；　lighter　men；　armed　with　boat…hooks；

harpoon　the　sentinels　by　their　shoulder…straps；　and　pull　down　four　or

five；　like　so　many　fishes；　amid　shouts　of　laughter。　　Just　at　this

moment　a　pistol　goes　off；　nobody　being　able　to　tell　which　party　fired

it。＇92＇　The　Swiss；　firing　from　above；　clean　out　the　vestibule　and　the

courts；　rush　down　into　the　square　and　seize　the　cannon；　the　insurgents

scatter　and　fly　out　of　range。　The　bravest；　nevertheless；　rally　behind

the　entrances　of　the　houses　on　the　Carrousel；　throw　cartridges　into

the　courts　of　the　small　buildings　and　set　them　on　fire。　　During

another　half…hour；　under　the　dense　smoke　of　the　first　discharge　and　of

the　burning　buildings；　both　sides　fire　haphazard；　while　the　Swiss；　far

from　giving　way；　have　scarcely　lost　a　few　men；　when　a　messenger　from

the　King　arrives；　M。　d'Hervilly；　who　orders　in　his　name　the　firing　to

cease；　and　the　men　to　return　to　their　barracks。



Slowly　and　regularly　they　form　in　line　and　retire　along　the　broad

alley　of　the　garden。　　At　the　sight　of　these　foreigners；　however；　in

red　coats；　who　had　just　fired　on　Frenchmen；　the　guns　of　the　battalion

stationed　on　the　terraces　go　off　of　their　own　accord；　and　the　Swiss

column　divides　in　two。　　One　body　of　250　men　turns　to　the　right；

reaches　the　Assembly；　lays　down　its　arms　at　the　King's　order；　and

allows　itself　to　be　shut　up　in　the　Feuillants　church。　The　others　are

annihilated　on　crossing　the　garden；　or　cut　down　on　the　Place　Louis　XV。

by　the　mounted　gendarmerie。　　No　quarter　is　given。　The　warfare　is　that

of　a　mob；　not　civilized　war；　but　primitive　war；　that　of　barbarians。　In

the　abandoned　palace　into　which　the　insurgents　entered　five　minutes

after　the　departure　of　the　garrison；＇93＇　they　kill　the　wounded；　the

two　Swiss　surgeons　attending　to　them；＇94＇　the　Swiss　who　had　not　fired

a　gun；　and　who；　in　the　balcony　on　the　side　of　the　garden；　〃cast　off

their　cartridge…boxes；　sabers；　coats；　and　hats；　and　shout：　'Friends；

we　are　with　you；　we　are　Frenchmen；　we　belong　to　the　nation！'〃＇95＇

They　kill　the　Swiss；　armed　or　unarmed；　who　remain　at　their　posts　in

the　apartments。　They　kill　the　Swiss　gate…keepers　in　their　boxes。　They

kill　everybody　in　the　kitchens；　from　the　head　cook　down　to　the　pot

boys。＇96＇　　The　women　barely　escape。　Madame　Campan；　on　her　knees；

seized　by　the　back；　sees　an　uplifted　saber　about　to　fall　on　her；　when

a　voice　from　the　foot　of　the　staircase　calls　out：　〃What　are　you　doing

there？　The　women　are　not　to　be　killed！〃　〃Get　up；　you　hussy；　the　nation

forgives　you！　〃　　To　make　up　for　this　the　nation　helps　itself　and

indulges　itself　to　its　heart's　content　in　the　palace　which　now　belongs

to　it。　　Some　honest　persons　do；　indeed；　carry　money　and　valuables　to

the　National　Assembly；　but　others　pillage　and　destroy　all　that　they

can。＇97＇　They　shatter　mirrors；　break　furniture　to　pieces；　and　throw

clocks　out　of　the　window；　they　shout　the　Marseilles　hymn；　which　one　of

the　National　Guards　accompanies　on　a　harpsichord；＇98＇　and　descend　to

the　cellars；　where　they　gorge　themselves。　　〃For　more　than　a

fortnight；〃　says　an　eye　witness；＇99＇　〃one　walked　on　fragments　of

bottles。〃　In　the　garden；　especially；　〃it　might　be　said　that　they　had

tried　to　pave　the　walks　with　broken　glass。〃　　Porters　are　seen　seated

on　the　throne　in　the　coronation　robes；　a　trollop　occupies　the　Queen's

bed；　it　is　a　carnival　in　which　unbridled　base　and　cruel　instincts　find

plenty　of　good　forage　and　abundant　litter。　Runaways　come　back　after

the　victory　and　stab　the　dead　with　their　pikes。　Nicely　dressed

prostitutes　fooling　around　with　naked　corpses。＇100＇　　And；　as　the

destroyers　enjoy　their　work；　they　are　not　disposed　to　be　disturbed　in

it。　In　the　courts　of　the　Carrousel；　where　1800　feet　of　building　are

burning；　the　firemen　try　four　times　to　extinguish　the　fire；　〃they　are

shot　at；　and　threatened　with　being　pitched　into　the　flames；〃＇101＇

while　petitioners　appear　at　the　bar　of　the　Assembly；　and　announce　in　a

threatening　tone　that　the　Tuileries　are　blazing；　and　shall　blaze　until

the　dethronement　becomes　a　law。



The　poor　Assembly；　become　Girondist　through　its　late　mutilation；

strives　in　vain　to　arrest　the　downhill　course　of　things；　and　maintain；

as　it　has　just　sworn　to　do；　〃the　constituted　authorities〃；＇102＇　it

strives；　at　least；　to　put　Louis　XVI。　in　the　Luxembourg　palace；　to

appoint　a　tutor　for　the　Dauphin；　to　keep　the　ministers　temporarily　in

office；　and　to　save　all　prisoners；　and　those　who　walk　the　streets。

Equally　captive；　and　nearly　as　prostrate　as　the　King　himself；　the

Assembly　merely　serves　as　a　recording　office　for　the　popular　will；

that　very　morning　furnishing　evidence　of　the　value　which　the　armed

commonalty　attaches　to　its　decrees。　　That　morning　murders　were

committed　at　its　door；　in　contempt　of　its　safe　conduct；　at　eight

o'clock　Suleau　and　three　others；　wrested　from　their　guards；　are　cut

down　under　its　windows。　In　the　afternoon；　from　sixty　to　eighty　of　the

unarmed　Swiss　still　remaining　in　the　church　of　the　Feuillants　are

taken　out　to　be　sent　to　the　H？tel…de…ville；　and　massacred　on　the　way

at　the　Place　de　Grève。　Another　detachment；　conducted　to　the　section　of

the　Roule；　is　likewise　disposed　of　in　the　same　way。＇103＇　　Carle；　at

the　head　of　the　gendarmerie；　is　called　out　of　the　Assembly　and

assassinated　on　the　Place　Vend？me；　and　his　head　is　carried　about　on　a

pike。　The　founder　of　the　old　monarchical　club；　M。　de　Clermont…

Tonnerre；　withdrawn　from　public　life　for　two　years　past；　and　quietly

passing　along　the　streets；　is　recognized；　dragged　through　the　gutter

and　cut　to　pieces。　　After　such　warnings　（murder　and　pillage）　the

Assembly　can　only　obey；　and；　as　usual；　conceal　its　submission　beneath

sonorous　words。　If　the　dictatorial　committee；　self…imposed　at　the

H？tel…de…ville；　still　condescends　to　keep　it　alive；　it　is　owing　to　a

new　investiture；＇104＇　and　by　declaring　to　it　that　it　must　not　meddle

with　its　doings　now　or　in　the　future。　Let　it　confine　itself　to　its

function；　that　of　rendering　decrees　made　by　the　faction。　Accordingly；

like　fruit　falling　from　a　tree　vigorously　shaken；　these　decrees　rattle

down；　one　after　another；　into　the　hands　that　await　them；＇105＇







1。　the　suspension　of　the　King；



2。　the　convoking　of　a　national　convention；



3。　electors　and　the　eligible　exempted　from　all　property

qualifications；



4。　an　indemnity　for　displaced　electors；



5。　the　term　of　Assemblies　left　to　the　decision　of　the　electors；＇106＇



6。　the　removal　and　arrest　of　the　late　ministers；



7。　the　re…appointment　of　Servan；　Clavières　and　Roland；



8。　Danton　as　Minister　of　Justice；



9。　the　recognition　of　the　usurping　Commune；



10。　Santerre　confirmed　in　his　new　rank；



11。　the　municipalities　empowered　to　look　after　general　safety；



12。　the　arrest　of　suspicious　persons　confided　to　all　well…disposed

citizens；＇107＇



13。　domiciliary　visits　prescribed　for　the　discovery　of　arms　and

ammunition；＇108＇



14。　all　the　justices　of　Paris　to　be　re…elected　by　those　within　their

jurisdiction；



15。　all　officers　of　the　gendarmerie　subject　to　re…election　by　their

soldiers；＇109＇



16。　thirty　sous　per　diem　for　the　Marseilles　troops　from　the　day　of

their　arrival；



17。　a　court…martial　against　the　Swiss；



18。　a　tribunal　for　the　dispatch　of　justice　against　the　vanquished　of

August　10；　and　a　quantity　of　other　decrees　of　a　still　more　important

bearing：



19。　the　suspension　of　the　commissioners　appointed　to　enforce　the

execution　of　the　law　in　civil　and　criminal　courts；＇110＇



20。　the　release　of　all　persons　accused　or　condemned　for　military

insubordination；　for　press　offenses　and　pillaging　of　grain；＇111＇



21。　the　partition　of　communal　possessions；＇112＇



22。　the　confiscation　and　sale　of　property　belonging　to　émigrés；＇113＇



23。　the　relegation　of　their　fathers；　mothers；　wives　and　children　into

the　interior；



24。　the　banishment　or　transportation　of　unsworn　ecclesiastics；＇114＇



25。　the　establishment　of　easy　divorce　at　two　months'　notice　and　on

demand　of　one　of　the　parties；＇115＇











in　short；　every　measure　is　taken　which　tend　to　disturb　property；　break

up　the　family；　persecute　conscience；　suspend　the　law；　pervert　justice；

and　rehabilitate　crime。　laws　are　promulgated　to