the origins of contemporary france-3-第54部分

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Federates；　and　who　drew　up　the　plan　of　the　insurrection；　had　been

condemned　by　the　Macon　tribunals　to　two　years'　imprisonment　for　theft

and　burglary。＇139＇　Westermann；　who　led　the　attacking　column；　had　stolen

a　silver　dish；　with　a　coat　of　arms　on　it；　from　Jean　Creux；　keeper　of　a

restaurant；　rue　des　Poules；　and　was　twice　sent　away　from　Paris　for

swindling。＇140＇　Panis；　chief　of　the　Committee　of　Supervision；＇141＇　was

turned　out　of　the　Treasury　Department；　where　his　uncle　was　a　sub

cashier；　in　1774；　for　robbery。　　His　colleague；　Sergent；　appropriates

to　himself　〃three　gold　watches；　an　agate　ring；　and　other　jewels；〃　left

with　him　on　deposit。＇142＇　　〃Breaking　seals；　false　charges；　breaches　of

trust；〃　embezzlements；　are　familiar　transactions。　In　their　hands　piles

of　silver　plate　and　1；100；000　francs　in　gold　are　to　disappear。＇143＇

Among　the　members　of　the　new　Commune；　Huguenin；　the　president；　a　clerk

at　the　barriers；　is　a　brazen　embezzler。＇144＇　Rossignol；　a　journeyman

jeweller；　implicated　in　an　assassination；　is　at　this　moment　subject　to

judicial　prosecution。＇145＇　　Hébert；　a　journalistic　garbage　bag；

formerly　check…taker　in　a　theatre；　is　turned　away　from　the　Variétés

for　larceny。＇146＇　Among　men　of　action；　Fournier；　the　American；

Lazowski；　and　Maillard　are　not　only　murderers；　but　likewise

robbers；＇147＇　while；　by　their　side；　arises　the　future　general　of　the

Paris　National　Guard；　Henriot；　at　first　a　domestic　in　the　family　of　an

attorney　who　turned　him　out　for　theft；　then　a　tax…clerk；　again　turned

adrift　for　theft；　and；　finally；　a　police　spy；　and　still　incarcerated

in　the　Bicêtre　prison　for　another　theft；　and；　at　last；　a　battalion

officer；　and　one　of　the　September　executioners。＇148＇　…　Simultaneously

with　the　bandits　and　rascals；　monstrous　maniacs　come　out　of　their

holes。　De　Sades；＇149＇　who　lived　the　life　of　〃Justine〃　before　he　wrote

it；　and　whom　the　Revolution　delivered　from　the　Bastille；　is　secretary

of　the　section　of　the　Place　Vend？me。　　Marat；　the　homicidal　monomaniac；

constitutes　himself；　after　the　23rd　　of　August；　official　journalist　at

the　H？tel…de…ville；　political　advisor　and　consciousness　of　the　new

Commune；　and　the　obsessive　plan；　which　he　preaches　for　three　years；　is

merely　an　instant　and　direct　wholesale　butchery。



〃Give　me；〃　said　he　to　Barbaroux；＇150＇　〃two　hundred　Neapolitans　armed

with　daggers；　and　with　only　a　hand…kerchief　on　their　left　arms　for　a

buckler；　and　I　will　overrun　France　and　build　the　Revolution。〃



According　to　him　it　is　necessary　to　do　away　with　260；000　men　〃on

humane　grounds；〃　for；　unless　this　is　done；　there　is　no　safety　for　the

rest。



　〃The　National　Assembly　may　still　save　France；　let　it　decree　that　all

aristocrats　shall　wear　a　blue　ribbon；　and　the　moment　that　three　of

them　are　seen　in　company；　let　them　be　hung。〃



Another　way　would　be



〃to　lay　in　wait　in　dark　streets　and　at　corners　for　the　royalists　and

Feuillants；　and　cut　their　throats。　Should　ten　patriots　happen　to　be

killed　among　a　hundred　men；　what　does　it　matter？　It　is　only　ninety　for

ten；　which　prevents　mistakes。　Fall　upon　those　who　own　carriages；

employ　valets；　wear　silk　coats；　or　go　to　the　theatres。　You　may　be　sure

that　they　are　aristocrats。〃



The　Jacobin　proletariat　has　obviously　found　the　leadership　that　suits

them。　　They　will　get　on　with　each　other　without　difficulty。　In　order

that　this　spontaneous　massacre　may　become　an　administrative　measure；

the　Neros　of　the　gutter　have　but　to　await　the　word　of　command　from　the

Neros　of　the　H？tel…de…ville。

_________________________________________________________________________



Notes：



＇1＇An　expression　of　Lafayette's　in　his　address　to　the　Assembly。



＇2＇Lafayette；　〃Mémoires；〃　I。　452。　　Malouet　（II。　213）　states　that

there　were　seventy。



＇3＇Cf。；　for　example；　〃Archives　Nationales；〃　A。F。　II。116。　Petition　of

228　notables　of　Montargis。



＇4＇　Petition　of　the　20；000；　so…called；　presented　by　Messrs。　Guillaume

and　Dupont　de　Nemours。　…　Cf。。　Mortimer…Ternaux；　I。　278。　　According

to　Buchez　et　Roux；　the　petition　containing　only　7；411　names。



＇5＇　Mortimer…Ternaux；　I。277。



＇6＇　Moniteur；　XIII。　89。　The　act　（July　7）　is　drawn　up　with　admirable

precision　and　force。　On　comparing　it　with　the　vague；　turgid

exaggerations　of　their　adversaries；　it　seems　to　　measure　the

intellectual　distance　between　the　two　parties。



＇7＇　339　against　224　　R？derer　（〃Chronique　des　cinquante　jours；〃

p。79）。　〃A　strong　current　of　opinion　by　a　majority　of　the　inhabitants

of　Paris　sets　in　　favor　of　the　King。〃　…　C。　Desmoulins；　〃That　class　of

petty　traders　and　shopkeepers；　who　are　more　afraid　of　the

revolutionaries　than　of　so　many　Uhlans。　。　。　〃



＇8＇　Mortimer…Ternaux；　I。　236。　Letter　of　R？derer　to　the　president　of

the　National　Assembly；　June　25。　〃Mr。　President；　I　have　the　honor　to

inform　the　Assembly　that　an　armed　mob　is　marching　towards　the

Chateau。〃



＇9＇　Mortimer…Ternaux；　I。　245；　246。　…　II。　81；　131；　148；　170。



＇10＇　The　murder　of　M。　Duhamel；　sub…lieutenant　of　the　national　guard。



＇11＇　Letter　of　Vergniaud　and　Guadet　to　the　painter　Boze　（in　the

〃Mémoires　de　Dumouriez〃）。　　R？derer；　〃Chronique　des　cinquante　jours；〃

295。　　Bertrand　de　Molleville；　〃Mémoires；〃　III。　29。



＇12＇　Moniteur；　XIII。　155　（session　of　July　16）。　　Mortimer…Ternaux；

II。　69。　〃Favored　by　you；〃　says　Manuel；　〃all　citizens　are　entitled　to

visit　the　first　functionary　of　the　nation。　。　。　The　prince's　dwelling

should　be　open；　like　a　church。　Fear　of　the　people　is　an　insult　to　the

people。　If　Louis　XVI。　possessed　the　soul　of　a　Marcus　Aurelius；　he

would　have　descended　into　his　gardens　and　tried　to　console　a　hundred

thousand　beings；　on　account　of　the　slowness　of　the　Revolution。　。　。

Never　had　there　been　fewer　thieves　in　the　Tuileries　than　on　that　day；

for　the　courtiers　had　fled。　。　。The　red　cap　was　an　honor　to　Louis　XVI。s

head；　and　ought　to　be　his　crown。〃　　At　this　solemn　moment　the

fraternization　of　the　king　with　the　people　took　place；　and　〃the　next

day　the　same　king　betrayed；　calumniated；　and　disgraced　the　people！〃

Manuel's　rigmarole　surpasses　all　that　can　be　imagined。　〃After　this

there　arises　in　the　panelings　of　the　Louvre；　at　the　confluence　of　the

civil　list；　another　channel；　which　leads　through　the　shades　below　to

Pétion's　dungeon。　。　。　The　department；　in　dealing　a　blow　at　the

municipality；　explains　how；　at　the　banquet　of　the　Law；　it　represents

the　Law　in　the　form　of　a　crocodile；　etc。〃



＇13＇　Moniteur；　XIII。　93　（session　of　July　9）；　　　27　（session　of　July

2）。



＇14＇　Moniteur；　XII。　751　（session　of　June　24）；　XIII。33　（session　of　July

3）。



＇15＇　Moniteur；　XIII。　224　（session　of　July　23）。　Two　unsworn　priests　had

just　been　massacred　at　　Bordeaux　and　their　heads　carried　through　the

streets　on　pikes。　Ducos　adds：　〃Since　the　executive　power　has　put　its

veto　on　laws　repressing　fanaticism；　popular　executions　begin　to　be

repeated。　If　the　courts　do　not　render　justice；　etc。〃　　Ibid。；　XIII。

301　（session　of　July　31）。



＇16＇　Moniteur；　XIII。　72　（session　of　July　7）。　The　king's　speech　to　the

Assembly　after　the　Lamourette　kiss。　〃I　confess　to　you；　M。　President；

that　I　was　very　anxious　for　the　deputation　to　arrive；　that　I　might

hasten　to　the　Assembly。〃



＇17＇　Moniteur；　XIII。　313　（session　of　Aug。　3）。　The　declaration　read　in

the　king's　name　must　be　weighed　sentence　by　sentence；　it　sums　up　his

conduct　with　perfect　exactness　and　thus　ends：　〃What　　are　personal

dangers　to　a　king；　from　whom　they　would　take　the　love　of　his　people？

This　is　what　affects　me　most。　The　day　will　come；　perhaps；　when　the

people　will　know　how　much　I　prize　its　welfare；　how　much　this　has

always　been　my　concern　and　my　first　need。　What　sorrows　would　disappear

at　the　slightest　sign　of　its　return！〃



＇18＇　Moniteur；　XIII。　　33；　56　bis　85；　　97　（sessions　of　July　3；　5；　6　and

9）。



＇19＇　Moniteur；　XIII。　　26；　170；　273　（sessions　of　July　12；　17；　28）。　…

Mortimer…Ternaux；　II。　122　（session　of　　July　23）：　Addresses　of　the

municipal　council　of　Marseilles；　of　the　federates；　of　the　Angers

petitioners；　of　the　Charente　volunteers；　etc。　〃A　hereditary　monarchy

is　opposed　to　the　Rights　of　Man。　Pass　the　act　of　dethronement　and

France　is　saved。　。　。　Be　brave；　let　the　sword　of　the　law　fall　on　a

perjured　functionary　and　conspirator！　Lafayette　is　the　most

contemptible；　the　guiltiest；　。　。　。　the　most　infamous　of　the　assassins

of　the　people；〃　etc。



＇20＇　Mortimer…Ternaux；　II。　126。　　Bertrand　de　Molleville；　III。　294。



＇21＇　Moniteur；　XIII。　　325　（session　of　Aug。　3）。



＇22＇　Moniteur；　XII。　738；　XII。　340。



＇23＇　Moniteur；　XIII。　170；　171；　187；　208；　335　（sessions　of　July　17；　18；

and　23；　and　Aug。　5）。



＇24＇　Moniteur；　XIII。　187　（session　of　July　18）。　〃The　galleries　applaud。

The　Assembly　murmurs。〃　　208　（July　21）。　〃Murmuring；　shouts；　and　cries

of　Down　with　the　speaker！　from　the　galleries。　The　president　calls　the

house　to　order　five　times；　but　always　fruitlessly。〃　　224　（July　23）。

〃The　galleries　applaud；　long　continued　murmurs　are　heard　in　the

Assembly。〃



＇25＇　Buzot；　〃Mémoires〃　（Ed。　Dauban；　83　and　84）。　〃The　majority　of　the

French　people　yearned　for　royalty　and　the　constitution　of　1790。　。　。　It

was　at　Paris　particularly　that　this　desire　governed　the　general　plan；

the　discussion　of　it　being　the　least　feared　in　special　conversations

and　in　private　society。　There　were　only　a　few　noble…minded；　superior

men　that　were　worthy　of　being　republicans。　。　。　The　rest　desired　the

constitution　of　1791；　and　spoke　of　the　republicans　only　as　one　speaks

of　very　honest　maniacs。〃



＇26＇　Duvergier；　〃Collection　des　lois　et　décrets；〃　May　29；　1792；　July

15；　16；　and　18；　July　6…20。



＇27＇　Moniteur；　XIII。　25　（session　of　July　1）。　Petition　of　150　active

citizens　of　the　Bonne…Nouvelle　section。



＇28＇　Mortimer…Ternaux；　II。　194。　Buchez　et　Roux；　XVI。　253。　The　decree

of　dismissal　was　not　passed　until　the　12th　of　August；　but　after　the

31St　of　July　the　municipality　demanded　it　and　during　the　following

days　several　Jacobin　gre