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the origins of contemporary france-3-第54部分

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Federates; and who drew up the plan of the insurrection; had been

condemned by the Macon tribunals to two years' imprisonment for theft

and burglary。'139' Westermann; who led the attacking column; had stolen

a silver dish; with a coat of arms on it; from Jean Creux; keeper of a

restaurant; rue des Poules; and was twice sent away from Paris for

swindling。'140' Panis; chief of the Committee of Supervision;'141' was

turned out of the Treasury Department; where his uncle was a sub

cashier; in 1774; for robbery。  His colleague; Sergent; appropriates

to himself 〃three gold watches; an agate ring; and other jewels;〃 left

with him on deposit。'142'  〃Breaking seals; false charges; breaches of

trust;〃 embezzlements; are familiar transactions。 In their hands piles

of silver plate and 1;100;000 francs in gold are to disappear。'143'

Among the members of the new Commune; Huguenin; the president; a clerk

at the barriers; is a brazen embezzler。'144' Rossignol; a journeyman

jeweller; implicated in an assassination; is at this moment subject to

judicial prosecution。'145'  Hébert; a journalistic garbage bag;

formerly check…taker in a theatre; is turned away from the Variétés

for larceny。'146' Among men of action; Fournier; the American;

Lazowski; and Maillard are not only murderers; but likewise

robbers;'147' while; by their side; arises the future general of the

Paris National Guard; Henriot; at first a domestic in the family of an

attorney who turned him out for theft; then a tax…clerk; again turned

adrift for theft; and; finally; a police spy; and still incarcerated

in the Bicêtre prison for another theft; and; at last; a battalion

officer; and one of the September executioners。'148' … Simultaneously

with the bandits and rascals; monstrous maniacs come out of their

holes。 De Sades;'149' who lived the life of 〃Justine〃 before he wrote

it; and whom the Revolution delivered from the Bastille; is secretary

of the section of the Place Vend?me。  Marat; the homicidal monomaniac;

constitutes himself; after the 23rd  of August; official journalist at

the H?tel…de…ville; political advisor and consciousness of the new

Commune; and the obsessive plan; which he preaches for three years; is

merely an instant and direct wholesale butchery。



〃Give me;〃 said he to Barbaroux;'150' 〃two hundred Neapolitans armed

with daggers; and with only a hand…kerchief on their left arms for a

buckler; and I will overrun France and build the Revolution。〃



According to him it is necessary to do away with 260;000 men 〃on

humane grounds;〃 for; unless this is done; there is no safety for the

rest。



 〃The National Assembly may still save France; let it decree that all

aristocrats shall wear a blue ribbon; and the moment that three of

them are seen in company; let them be hung。〃



Another way would be



〃to lay in wait in dark streets and at corners for the royalists and

Feuillants; and cut their throats。 Should ten patriots happen to be

killed among a hundred men; what does it matter? It is only ninety for

ten; which prevents mistakes。 Fall upon those who own carriages;

employ valets; wear silk coats; or go to the theatres。 You may be sure

that they are aristocrats。〃



The Jacobin proletariat has obviously found the leadership that suits

them。  They will get on with each other without difficulty。 In order

that this spontaneous massacre may become an administrative measure;

the Neros of the gutter have but to await the word of command from the

Neros of the H?tel…de…ville。

_________________________________________________________________________



Notes:



'1'An expression of Lafayette's in his address to the Assembly。



'2'Lafayette; 〃Mémoires;〃 I。 452。  Malouet (II。 213) states that

there were seventy。



'3'Cf。; for example; 〃Archives Nationales;〃 A。F。 II。116。 Petition of

228 notables of Montargis。



'4' Petition of the 20;000; so…called; presented by Messrs。 Guillaume

and Dupont de Nemours。 … Cf。。 Mortimer…Ternaux; I。 278。  According

to Buchez et Roux; the petition containing only 7;411 names。



'5' Mortimer…Ternaux; I。277。



'6' Moniteur; XIII。 89。 The act (July 7) is drawn up with admirable

precision and force。 On comparing it with the vague; turgid

exaggerations of their adversaries; it seems to  measure the

intellectual distance between the two parties。



'7' 339 against 224  R?derer (〃Chronique des cinquante jours;〃

p。79)。 〃A strong current of opinion by a majority of the inhabitants

of Paris sets in  favor of the King。〃 … C。 Desmoulins; 〃That class of

petty traders and shopkeepers; who are more afraid of the

revolutionaries than of so many Uhlans。 。 。 〃



'8' Mortimer…Ternaux; I。 236。 Letter of R?derer to the president of

the National Assembly; June 25。 〃Mr。 President; I have the honor to

inform the Assembly that an armed mob is marching towards the

Chateau。〃



'9' Mortimer…Ternaux; I。 245; 246。 … II。 81; 131; 148; 170。



'10' The murder of M。 Duhamel; sub…lieutenant of the national guard。



'11' Letter of Vergniaud and Guadet to the painter Boze (in the

〃Mémoires de Dumouriez〃)。  R?derer; 〃Chronique des cinquante jours;〃

295。  Bertrand de Molleville; 〃Mémoires;〃 III。 29。



'12' Moniteur; XIII。 155 (session of July 16)。  Mortimer…Ternaux;

II。 69。 〃Favored by you;〃 says Manuel; 〃all citizens are entitled to

visit the first functionary of the nation。 。 。 The prince's dwelling

should be open; like a church。 Fear of the people is an insult to the

people。 If Louis XVI。 possessed the soul of a Marcus Aurelius; he

would have descended into his gardens and tried to console a hundred

thousand beings; on account of the slowness of the Revolution。 。 。

Never had there been fewer thieves in the Tuileries than on that day;

for the courtiers had fled。 。 。The red cap was an honor to Louis XVI。s

head; and ought to be his crown。〃  At this solemn moment the

fraternization of the king with the people took place; and 〃the next

day the same king betrayed; calumniated; and disgraced the people!〃

Manuel's rigmarole surpasses all that can be imagined。 〃After this

there arises in the panelings of the Louvre; at the confluence of the

civil list; another channel; which leads through the shades below to

Pétion's dungeon。 。 。 The department; in dealing a blow at the

municipality; explains how; at the banquet of the Law; it represents

the Law in the form of a crocodile; etc。〃



'13' Moniteur; XIII。 93 (session of July 9);   27 (session of July

2)。



'14' Moniteur; XII。 751 (session of June 24); XIII。33 (session of July

3)。



'15' Moniteur; XIII。 224 (session of July 23)。 Two unsworn priests had

just been massacred at  Bordeaux and their heads carried through the

streets on pikes。 Ducos adds: 〃Since the executive power has put its

veto on laws repressing fanaticism; popular executions begin to be

repeated。 If the courts do not render justice; etc。〃  Ibid。; XIII。

301 (session of July 31)。



'16' Moniteur; XIII。 72 (session of July 7)。 The king's speech to the

Assembly after the Lamourette kiss。 〃I confess to you; M。 President;

that I was very anxious for the deputation to arrive; that I might

hasten to the Assembly。〃



'17' Moniteur; XIII。 313 (session of Aug。 3)。 The declaration read in

the king's name must be weighed sentence by sentence; it sums up his

conduct with perfect exactness and thus ends: 〃What  are personal

dangers to a king; from whom they would take the love of his people?

This is what affects me most。 The day will come; perhaps; when the

people will know how much I prize its welfare; how much this has

always been my concern and my first need。 What sorrows would disappear

at the slightest sign of its return!〃



'18' Moniteur; XIII。  33; 56 bis 85;  97 (sessions of July 3; 5; 6 and

9)。



'19' Moniteur; XIII。  26; 170; 273 (sessions of July 12; 17; 28)。 …

Mortimer…Ternaux; II。 122 (session of  July 23): Addresses of the

municipal council of Marseilles; of the federates; of the Angers

petitioners; of the Charente volunteers; etc。 〃A hereditary monarchy

is opposed to the Rights of Man。 Pass the act of dethronement and

France is saved。 。 。 Be brave; let the sword of the law fall on a

perjured functionary and conspirator! Lafayette is the most

contemptible; the guiltiest; 。 。 。 the most infamous of the assassins

of the people;〃 etc。



'20' Mortimer…Ternaux; II。 126。  Bertrand de Molleville; III。 294。



'21' Moniteur; XIII。  325 (session of Aug。 3)。



'22' Moniteur; XII。 738; XII。 340。



'23' Moniteur; XIII。 170; 171; 187; 208; 335 (sessions of July 17; 18;

and 23; and Aug。 5)。



'24' Moniteur; XIII。 187 (session of July 18)。 〃The galleries applaud。

The Assembly murmurs。〃  208 (July 21)。 〃Murmuring; shouts; and cries

of Down with the speaker! from the galleries。 The president calls the

house to order five times; but always fruitlessly。〃  224 (July 23)。

〃The galleries applaud; long continued murmurs are heard in the

Assembly。〃



'25' Buzot; 〃Mémoires〃 (Ed。 Dauban; 83 and 84)。 〃The majority of the

French people yearned for royalty and the constitution of 1790。 。 。 It

was at Paris particularly that this desire governed the general plan;

the discussion of it being the least feared in special conversations

and in private society。 There were only a few noble…minded; superior

men that were worthy of being republicans。 。 。 The rest desired the

constitution of 1791; and spoke of the republicans only as one speaks

of very honest maniacs。〃



'26' Duvergier; 〃Collection des lois et décrets;〃 May 29; 1792; July

15; 16; and 18; July 6…20。



'27' Moniteur; XIII。 25 (session of July 1)。 Petition of 150 active

citizens of the Bonne…Nouvelle section。



'28' Mortimer…Ternaux; II。 194。 Buchez et Roux; XVI。 253。 The decree

of dismissal was not passed until the 12th of August; but after the

31St of July the municipality demanded it and during the following

days several Jacobin gre
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