the origins of contemporary france-3-第55部分

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of　dismissal　was　not　passed　until　the　12th　of　August；　but　after　the

31St　of　July　the　municipality　demanded　it　and　during　the　following

days　several　Jacobin　grenadiers　go　to　the　National　Assembly；　trample

on　their　bearskin　hats　and　put　on　the　red　cap　of　liberty。



＇29＇　Mortimer…Ternaux；　II。　192　（municipal　action　of　Aug。　5）。



＇30＇　Decree　of　July　2。



＇31＇　Mortimer…Ternaux；　II。　129。　　Buchez　et　Roux；　XV。　458。　According

to　the　report　of　the　Minister　of　War；　read　the　30th　of　July；　at　the

evening　session；　5；314　department　federates　left　Paris　between　July　14

and　30。　Pétion　wrote　that　the　levy　of　federates　then　in　Paris　amounted

to　2；960；　〃of　which　2；032　were　getting　ready　to　go　to　the　camp　at

Soissons。〃　　A　comparison　of　these　figures　leads　to　the　approximate

number　that　I　have　adopted



＇32＇　Buchez　et　Roux；　XVI。　120；　133　（session　of　the　Jacobins；　Aug。　6）。

The　federates　〃resolved　to　watch　the　Chateau；　each　taking　a　place　in

the　battalions　respectively　of　the　sections　in　which　they　lodge；　and

many　incorporated　themselves　with　the　battalions　of　the　faubourg　St

Antoine。〃



＇33＇　Mercure　de　France；　April　14；　1793。　〃　The　Revolution；〃　I。　p。

332。



＇34＇　Barbaroux；　〃Mémoires；〃　37…40。　　Lauront…Lautard；　〃Marseilles

depuis　1789　jusqu'à　1815；〃　I。　134。　〃The　mayor；　Mourdeille；〃　who　had

recruited　them；　〃was　perhaps　very　glad　to　get　rid　of　them。〃　　On　the

composition　of　this　group　and　on　the　previous　r？le　of　Rebecqui；　see

chapter　VI。



＇35＇　Buchez　et　Roux；　XVI。　197　and　following　pages。　　Mortimer…

Ternaux；　II。　148　（the　grenadiers　numbered　only　166）。　　Moniteur；

XIII。　310　（session　of　Aug。　1）。　Address　of　the　grenadiers：　　〃They　swore

on　their　honor　that　they　did　not　draw　their　swords　until　after　being

threatened　for　a　quarter　of　an　hour；　then　insulted　and　humiliated；

until　forced　to　defend　their　lives　against　a　troop　of　brigands　armed

with　pistols；　and　some　of　them　with　carbines。〃　　〃　The　reading　of

this　memorandum　is　often　interrupted　by　hooting　from　the　galleries；　in

spite　of　the　president's　orders。〃　　Hooting　again；　when　they　file　out

of　the　chamber。



＇36＇　The　lack　of　men　of　action　greatly　embarrassed　the　Jacobin　party。

（〃Correspondance　de　Mirabeau　et　du　Comte　de　la　Marck；2　II。　326。）

Letter　of　M。　de　Montmorin；　July　13；　1792。　On　the　disposition　of　the

people　of　Paris；　wearied　and　worn　out　〃to　excess。〃　　〃They　will　take　no

side；　either　for　or　against　the　king。　。　。　They　no　longer　stir　for　any

purpose；　riots　are　wholly　factitious。　This　is　so　right　that　they　are

obliged　to　bring　men　from　the　South　to　get　them　up。　Nearly　all　of

those　who　forced　the　gates　of　the　Tuileries；　or　rather；　who　got　inside

of　them　on　the　20th　of　June；　were　outsiders　or　onlookers；　got　together

at　the　sight　of　such　a　lot　of　pikes　and　red　caps；　etc。　The　cowards　ran

at　the　slightest　indication　of　presenting　arms；　which　was　done　by　a

portion　of　the　national　guard　on　the　arrival　of　a　deputation　from　the

National　Assembly；　their　leaders　being　obliged　to　encourage　them　by

telling　them　that　they　were　not　to　be　fired　at。〃



＇37＇　Buchez　et　Roux；　XVI。　447。　〃Chronique　des　cinquante　jours；〃　by

R？derer。



＇38＇　Mortimer…Ternaux；　II。　378。…127　　Jacobins　of　Arras；　led　by

Geoffroy　and　young　Robespierre；　declare　to　the　Directory　that　they

mean　to　come　to　its　meetings　and　follow　its　deliberations。　〃It　is　time

that　the　master　should　keep　his　eye　on　his　agents。〃　The　Directory；

therefore；　resigns　（July　4；　1792）。　…　Ibid。；　462　（report　of　Leroux；

municipal　officer）。　The　Paris　municipal　council；　on　the　night　of

August　9…10　deliberates　under　threats　of　death　and　the　furious　shouts

of　the　galleries。



＇39＇　Duvergier's　〃Collection　of　Laws　and　Decrees；〃　July　4；　5…8；　11…12；

25…28。　　Buchez　et　Roux；　XVI。　250。　The　section　of　the　Theatre

Fran？ais　（of　which　Danton　is　president　and　Chaumette　and　Momoro

secretaries）　thus　interpret　the　declaration　of　the　country　being　in

danger。　〃After　a　declaration　of　the　country　being　in　danger　by　the

representatives　of　the　people；　it　is　natural　that　the　people　itself

should　take　back　its　sovereign　supervision。〃



＇40＇　　Schmidt；　〃Tableaux　de　la　Révolution；〃　I。　99…100。　Report　to

Roland；　Oct。　29；　1792。



＇41＇　　Mortimer…Ternaux；　II。　199。　…　Buchez　et　Roux；　XVI。　320。　…

Moniteur；　XIII。　336　（session　of　Aug。　5）。　Speech　by　Collot　d'Herbois。



＇42＇　Moniteur；　XI。　20；　session　of　Feb。　4。　At　this　meeting　Gorguereau；

reporter　of　the　committee　on　legislation；　had　already　stated　that　〃The

authors　of　these　multiplied　addresses　seem　to　command　rather　than

demand。　。　。　It　is　ever　the　same　sections　or　the　same　individuals　who

deceive　you　in　bringing　to　you　their　own　false　testimony　for　that　of

the　capital。〃　…　〃Down　with　the　reporter！　　From　the　galleries。〃　…

Ibid。；　　XIII。　93；　session　of　July　11。　M。　Gastelier：　〃Addresses　in　the

name　of　the　people　are　constantly　read　to　you；　which　are　not　even　the

voice　of　one　section。　We　have　seen　the　same　individual　coming　three

times　a　week　to　demand　something　in　the　name　of　sovereignty。〃　（Shouts

of　down！　down！　in　the　galleries。　Ibid。；　208；　session　of　July　21。　M。

Dumolard：　〃You　must　distinguish　between　the　people　of　Paris　and　these

subaltern　intriguers　。　。　。　these　habitual　oracles　of　the　cafés　and

public　squares；　whose　equivocal　existence　has　for　a　long　time　occupied

the　attention　and　claimed　the　supervision　of　the　police。〃　（Down　with

the　speaker！　murmurs　and　hooting　in　the　galleries）。…Mortimer…Ternaux；

II。　398。　Protests　of　the　arsenal　section；　read　by　Lavoisier　（the

chemist）：　　〃The　caprice　of　a　knot　of　citizens　（thus）　becomes　the

desire　of　an　immense　population。〃



＇43＇　Buchez　et　Roux；　XVI。　251。　…　Mortimer…Ternaux；　II。　239　and　243。

The　central　bureau　is　first　opened　in　〃the　building　of　the　Saint…

Esprit；　in　the　second　story；　near　the　passage　communicating　with　the

common　dwelling。〃　Afterwards　the　commissioners　of　the　section　occupy

another　room　in　the　H？tel…de…ville；　nearly　joining　the　throne…room；

where　the　municipal　council　is　holding　its　sessions。　During　the　night

of　August　9…10　both　councils　sit　four　hours　simultaneously　within　a

few　steps　of　each　other。



＇44＇　Robespierre；　〃Seventh　letter　to　his　constituents；〃　says：　〃The

sections。　。　。　have　been　busy　for　more　than　a　fortnight　getting　ready

for　the　last　Revolution。〃



＇45＇　Robespierre；　〃Seventh　letter　to　his　constituents〃　　Malouet；　II。

233；　　234。　　R？derer；　〃Chronique　des　cinquante　jours。〃



＇46＇　Moniteur；　XIII。　318；　319。　The　petition　is　drawn　up　apparently　by

people　who　are　beside　themselves。　〃If　we　did　not　rely　on　you；　I　would

not　answer　for　the　excesses　to　which　our　despair　would　carry　us！　We

would　bring　on　ourselves　all　the　horrors　of　civil　war；　provided　we

could；　on　dying；　drag　along　with　us　some　of　our　cowardly　assassins！〃　…

…　The　representatives；　it　must　be　noted；　talk　in　the　same　vein。　La

Source　exclaims：　〃The　members　here；　like　yourselves；　call　for

vengeance！〃　…　Thuriot：　〃The　crime　is　atrocious！〃



＇47＇　　Taine　is　describing　a　basic　trait　of　human　nature；　something　we

see　again　and　again　whether　our　ancestors　attacked　small；　harmless

neighboring　nations；　　witches；　renegades；　Jews；　or　religious　people　of

another　faith　。（SR）。



＇48＇　Buchez　et　Roux；　XIX　93；　session　of　Sept。　23；　1792。　Speech　by

Panis：　〃Many　worthy　citizens　would　like　to　have　judicial　proof；　but

political　proofs　satisfy　us〃　　Towards　the　end　of　July　the　Minister

of　the　Interior　had　invited　Pétion　to　send　two　municipal　officers　to

examine　the　Tuileries；　but　this　the　council　refused　to　do；　so　as　to

keep　up　the　excitement。



＇49＇　Mallet　du　Pan；　〃Mémoires；〃　303。　Letter　of　Malouet；　June　29。　

Bertrand　de　Molleville；　〃Mémoires；〃　II。　301。　　Hua；　148。　　Weber；

II。　208。　　Madame　Campan；　〃Mémoires；〃　II。　188。　Already；　at　the　end　of

1791；　the　king　was　told　that　he　was　liable　to　be　poisoned　by　the

pastry…cook　of　the　palace；　a　Jacobin。　For　three　or　four　months　the

bread　and　pastry　he　ate　were　secretly　purchased　in　other　places。　On

the　14th　of　July；　1792；　his　attendants；　on　account　of　the　threats

against　his　life；　put　a　breastplate　on　him　under　his　coat。



＇50＇　member　of　the　1789　Constituent　Assembly。　（SR）。



＇51＇　Moniteur；　VIII。　271；　278。　A　deputy；　excusing　his　assailants；

pretends　that　d'ésprémesnil　urged　the　people　to　enter　the　Tuileries

garden。　It　is　scarcely　necessary　to　state　that　during　the　Constituent

Assembly　d'Espréménil　was　one　of　the　most　conspicuous　members　of　the

extreme　〃Right。〃　…　Duc　de　Ga？te；　〃Mémoires；〃　I。　18。



＇52＇　Lafayette；　〃Mémoires；〃　I。　465。



＇53＇　Moniteur；　XIII。　327；　　Mortimer…Ternaux；　II。　176。



＇54＇　Moniteur；　XIII。　340。　　The　style　of　these　petitions　is　highly

instructive。　We　see　in　them　the　state　of　mind　and　degree　of　education

of　the　petitioners：　sometimes　a　half…educated　writer　attempting　to

reason　in　the　vein　of　the　Contrat　Social；　sometimes；　a　schoolboy

spouting　the　tirades　of　Raynal；　and　sometimes；　the　corner　letter…

writer　putting　together　the　expressions　forming　his　stock　in　trade。



＇55＇　Carra；　〃Précis　historique　sur　l'origine　et　les　véritables　auteurs

de　l'insurrection　du　10　Ao？t。〃　　Barbaroux；　〃Mémoires；　49。　The

executive　directory；　appointed　by　the　central　committee　of　the

confederates；　held　its　first　meeting　in　a　wine…shop；　the　Soleil　d'or；

on　the　square　of　the　Bastille；　the　second　at　the　Cadran　bleu；　on　the

boulevard；　the　third　in　Antoine's　room；　who　then　lodged　in　the　same

house　with　Robespierre。　Camille　Desmoulins　was　present　at　this　latter

meeting。　Santerre；　Westermann；　Fournier　the　American；　and　Lazowski

were　the　principal　members　of　this　Directory。　Another　insurrectionary

plan　was　drawn　up　on　the　30th　of　July　in　a　wine…shop　at　Charenton　by

Barbaroux；　Rebecqui；　Pierre　Bayle；　Heron；　and　Fournier　the　American。　…

Cf。　J。　Claretie；　〃Camille　Desmoulins；〃　p。　192。　　Desmoulins　wrote；　a

little　before　the　10th　of　August：　〃If　the　National　Assembly　thinks

that　it　cannot　save　the　country；　let　it　declare　then；　that；　according

to　the