the origins of contemporary france-3-第70部分

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this　the　executioners　had　struck　me　on　the　cheeks　with　the　points　of

their　pikes；　from　which　hung　pieces　of　flesh。　Others　wanted　to　cut　off

my　head；　which　would　have　been　done　if　two　gendarmes　had　not　kept　them

back。〃



＇115＇　Jourdan；　219。



＇116＇　Méhée；　179。



＇117＇　Mortimer…Ternaux；　III。　558。　The　same　idea　is　found　among　the

federates　and　Parisians　composing　the　company　of　the　Egalité；　which

brought　the　Orleans　prisoners　to　Versailles　and　then　murdered　them。

They　explain　their　conduct　by　saying　that　they　〃hoped　to　put　an　end　to

the　excessive　expenditure　to　which　the　French　empire　was　subject

through　the　　prolonged　detention　of　conspirators。〃



＇118＇　Rétif　de　la　Bretonne；　388。



＇119＇　Méhée；　177。



＇120＇　Prudhomme；　〃Les　Crimes　de　la　Révolution。〃　III。　272。



＇121＇　Rétif　de　la　Bretonne；　388。　There　were　two　sorts　of　women　at　the

Salpétrière；　those　who　were　banded　and　young　girls　brought　in　the

prison。　Hence　the　two　alternatives。



＇122＇　Mortimer…Ternaux；　III。　295。　See　list　of　names；　ages；　and

occupations。



＇123＇　Barthélemy　Maurice；　〃Histoire　politique　and　anecdotique　des

prisons　de　la　Seine；〃　329。



＇124＇　Mortimer…Ternaux；　III。　295。　See　list　of　names；　ages；　and

occupations。



＇125＇　The　Encyclopedia　〃QUID〃　（ROBERT　LAFONT；　PARIS　1998）　advises　us

that　the　number　of　victims　killed　with　〃cold　steel　and　clubs〃　etc

total　1395　persons。　the　total　number　of　French　victims　due　to　the

Revolution　is　considered　to　be　between　600　000　and　800　000　dead。　（SR）



＇126＇　　Mortimer…Ternaux；　III。　399；　592；　602…606。　…　〃Procès…verbal　des

8；　9；　10　Septembre；　extrait　des　registres　de　la　municipalité　de

Versailles。〃　（In　the　〃Mémoires　sur　les　journées　de　Septembre〃）；　p。　358

and　following　pages。　…　Granier　de　Cassagnac；　II。　483。　Bonnet's　exploit

at　Orleans；　pointed　out　to　Fournier；　Sept。　I。　Fournier　replies：　〃In

God's　name；　I　am　not　to　be　ordered；　when　the　bloody　beggars　have　had

their　heads　cut　off　the　trial　may　be　held　later！〃



＇127＇　Roch　Marcandier；　210。　Speech　by　Lazowski　to　the　section　of

Finistère；　fauborg　Saint…Marceau。　Lazowski　had；　in　addition；　set　free

the　assassins　of　the　mayor　of　　Etampes；　and　laid　their　manacles　on　the

bureau　table。



＇128＇　Malouet；　II。　243　（Sept。　2）。　…　Moniteur；　XIII。　48　（session　of

Sept。　27；　1792）。　We　see　in　the　speech　of　Panis　that　analogous　scenes

took　place　in　the　committee　of　supervision。　〃Imagine　our　situation。　We

were　surrounded　by　citizens　irritated　against　the　treachery　of　the

court。　We　were　told：　'Here　is　an　aristocrat　who　is　going　to　fly；　you

must　stop　him；　or　your　yourselves　are　traitors！'　Pistols　were　pointed

at　us　and　we　found　ourselves　obliged　to　sign　warrants；　not　so　much　for

our　own　safety　as　for　that　of　the　persons　denounced。〃



＇129＇　Granier　de　Cassagnac；　II。　258。　…　Prudhomme；　〃Les　Crimes　de　la

Révolution；〃　III。　272。　…　Mortimer…Ternaux；　III。　631。　…　De　Ferrière；

III。　391。　…　（The　expression　quoted　was　recorded　by　Rétif　de　la

Bretonne。）



＇130＇　　That　is　how　to　do　it；　must　any　anarchist　or　hopeful

revolutionary　have　thought；　upon　reading　Taine's　livid　description。…

But　also：　〃Do　not　let　the　bourgeois　read　this；　it　might　scare　them　and

make　our　task　more　difficult。〃　　（SR）。



＇131＇　Moniteur；　XIII。　698；　698　（numbers　for　Sept。　15　and　16）。　Ibid。；

Letter　of　Roland；　701；　of　Pétion；　711。　…　Buchez　et　Roux；　XVIII。　33。

34。　…　Prudhomme's　journal　contains　an　engraving　of　this　subject　（Sept。

14）　…　　〃An　Englishman　admitted　to　the　bar　of　the　house　denounces　to

the　National　Assembly　a　robbery　committed　in　a　house　occupied　by　him

at　Chaillot　by　two　bailiffs　and　their　satellites。　The　robbery

consisted　of　twelve　louis；　five　guineas；　five　thousand　pounds　in

assignats；　and　several　other　objects。〃　The　courts　before　which　he

appeared　did　not　dare　take　up　his　case　（Buchez　et　Roux；　XVII。　P。　1；

Sept。　18）。



＇132＇　Buchez　et　Roux；　XVII。　461。　…　Prudhomme；　〃Les　Révolutions　de

Paris；〃　number　for　Sept。　22；　1792。



＇133＇　Moniteur；　　XIII。　711　（session　of　Sept。　16）。　Letter　of　Roland　to

the　National　Assembly。　…　Buchez　et　Roux；　XVIII。　42。　　　Moniteur；

XIII。　731　（session　of　Sept。　17）。　Speech　by　Pétion：　〃Yesterday　there

was　some　talk　of　again　visiting　the　prisons；　and　particularly　the

Conciergerie。〃



＇134＇　　Perhaps　Mao　read　this　and　later　coined　his　famous　slogan　〃that

all　political　power　emanates　from　the　barrels　of　guns。〃　（SR）。



＇135＇　〃Archives　Nationales；〃　II。　58　to　76。　Official　reports　of　the

Paris　electoral　assembly。　…　Robespierre　is　elected　the　twelfth　（Sept。

5）；　then　Danton　and　Collot　d'Herbois　（Sept。　6）　then　Manuel　and

Billaud…Varennes　（Sept。　7）；　next　C。　Desmoulins　（Sept。　8）；　Marat　（Sept。

9）　etc。　…　Mortimer…Ternaux；　IV。　35　（act　passed　by　the　commune　at　the

instigation　of　Robespierre　for　the　regulation　of　electoral

operations）。　…　Louvet；　〃Mémoires。〃　Louvet；　in　the　electoral　assembly

asks　to　be　heard　on　the　candidacy　of　Marat；　but　is　unsuccessful。　〃On

going　out　I　was　surrounded　by　those　men　with　big　clubs　and　sabers　by

whom　the　future　dictator　was　always　attended；　Robespierre's　body…

guard。　They　threatened　me　and　told　me　in　very　concise　terms：　'Before

long　you　shall　have　your　turn。　This　is　the　freedom　of　that　assembly　in

which　one　declared　his　vote　under　a　dagger　pointed　at　him。〃'



＇136＇　In　reading　this　all　socialist　and　communists　and　other　potential

manipulators　of　democracy　would　have　taken　and　will　continue　to　take

note。　Once　the　hidden　combination　can　manage　to　invest　all　the

different；　in　theory　opponent；　parties　with　their　own　men；　an　eternal

control　by　a　hidden　mafia　can　now　take　place。　（SR）。



＇137＇　　Such　procedures　set　a　precedence　for　200　years　of　'guided

democracy'　in　many　trade　unions　and　elsewhere。　（SR）。









CHAPTER　II。



THE　DEPARTMENTS　。…　THE　EPEDEMIC　AND　CONTAGIOUS　CHARACTER　OF　THE

REVOLUTIONARY　DISEASE。







In　the　departments；　it　is　by　hundreds　that　we　enumerate　days　like　the

20th　of　June；　August　10；　September　2。　The　body　has　its　epidemic；　its

contagious　diseases；　the　mind　has　the　same；　the　revolutionary　malady

is　one　of　them。　It　appears　throughout　the　country　at　the　same　time；

each　infected　point　infects　others。　In　each　city；　in　each　borough；　the

club　is　a　Center　of　inflammation　which　disorganizes　the　sound　parts；

and　the　example　of　each　disorganized　Center　spreads　afar　like

contagious　fumes。＇1＇　Everywhere　the　same　fever；　delirium；　and

convulsions　mark　the　presence　of　the　same　virus。　That　virus　is　the

Jacobin　dogma。　By　virtue　of　the　Jacobin　dogma；　theft；　usurpation；

murder；　take　on　the　guise　of　political　philosophy；　and　the　gravest

crimes　against　persons；　against　public　or　private　property；　become

legitimate；　for　they　are　the　acts　of　the　legitimate　supreme　power；　the

power　that　has　the　public　welfare　in　its　keeping。



I。　The　Sovereignty　of　the　People。。



Its　principle　is　the　Jacobin　dogma　of　the　sovereignty　of　the　people。　…

…　The　new　right　is　officially　proclaimed。　　Public　statement　of　the

new　régime。　　Its　object；　its　opponents；　its　methods。　　Its

extension　from　Paris　to　the　provinces。…



That　each　Jacobin　band　should　be　invested　with　the　local　dictatorship

in　its　own　canton　is；　according　to　the　Jacobins；　a　natural　right。　It

becomes　the　written　law　from　the　day　that　the　National　Assembly

declares　the　country　in　danger。　〃From　that　date；〃　says　their　most

widely　read　Journal；＇2＇　and　by　the　mere　fact　of　that　declaration；　〃the

people　of　France　are　assembled　and　insurgent。　They　have　repossessed

themselves　of　the　sovereign　power。〃　　Their　magistrates；　their

deputies；　all　constituted　authorities；　return　to　nothingness；　their

essential　state。　And　you；　temporary　and　revocable　representatives；

〃you　are　nothing　but　presiding　officers　for　the　people；　you　have

nothing　to　do　but　to　collect　their　votes；　and　to　announce　the　result

when　these　shall　have　been　cast　with　due　solemnity。〃　　Nor　is　this

the　theory　of　the　Jacobins　only；　it　is　also　official　theory。　The

National　Assembly　approves　of　the　insurrection；　recognizes　the

Commune；　keeps　in　the　background；　abdicates　as　far　as　possible；　and

only　remains　provisionally　in　office　in　order　that　the　place　may　not

be　left　vacant。　It　abstains　from　exercising　power；　even　to　provide　its

own　successors；　it　merely　〃invites〃　the　French　people　to　organize　a

national　convention；　it　confesses　that　it　has　〃no　right　to　put　the

exercise　of　sovereign　power　under　binding　rules〃；　it　does　no　more　than

〃indicate　to　citizens〃　the　rules　for　the　elections　〃to　which　it

invites　them　to　conform。〃＇3＇　Meanwhile　it　is　subject　to　the　will　of

the　sovereign　people；　then　so…called；　it　dares　not　resist　their

crimes；　it　interferes　with　assassins　only　by　entreaties。　　Much　more；

it　authorizes　them；　either　by　ministerial　signature　or　counter…

signature；　to　begin　their　work　elsewhere。　Roland　has　signed　Fournier's

commission　to　Orleans；　Danton　has　sent　the　circular　of　Marat　over　all

France。　To　reconstruct　the　departments　the　council　of　ministers　sends

the　most　infuriated　members　of　the　Commune　and　the　party；　Chaumette；

Fréron；　Westerman；　Auduoin；　Huguenin；　Momoro；　Couthon；　Billaud…

Varennes；＇4＇　and　others　still　more　tainted　and　brutal；　who　preach　the

purest　Jacobin　doctrine。　〃They　announce　openly＇5＇　that　laws　no　longer

exist；　that　since　the　people　are　sovereign；　every　one　is　master；　that

each　fraction　of　the　nation　can　take　such　measures　as　suit　it；　in　the

name　of　the　country's　safety；　that　they　have　the　right　to　tax　corn；　to

seize　it　in　the　laborer's　fields；　to　cut　off　the　heads　of　the　farmers

who　refuse　to　bring　their　grain　to　market。〃　　At　Lisieux；　agrarian　law

is　preached　by　Fufour　and　Momoro。　　At　Douai；　other　preachers　from

Paris　say　to　the　popular　club；　〃Prepare　scaffolds；　let　the　walls　of

the　city　bristle　with　gallows；　and　hang　upon　them　every　man　who　does

not　accept　our　opinions。〃　　Nothing　is　more　logical；　more　in

conformity　with　their　principles。　The　journals；　deducing　their

conseque