the origins of contemporary france-3-第71部分

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conformity　with　their　principles。　The　journals；　deducing　their

consequences；　explain　to　the　people　the　use　they　ought　to　make　of

their　reconquered　sovereignty。＇6＇　〃Under　the　present　circumstances；

community　of　property　is　the　law；　everything　belongs　to　everybody。〃

Besides；　〃an　equalizing　of　fortunes　must　be　brought　about；　a　leveling；

which　shall　abolish　the　vicious　principle　of　the　domination　of　the

rich　over　the　poor。〃　This　reform　is　all　the　more　pressing　because　〃the

people；　the　real　sovereign　people；　have　nearly　as　many　enemies　as

there　are　proprietors；　large　merchants；　financiers；　and　wealthy　men。

In　a　time　of　revolution；　we　must　regard　all　men　who　have　more　than

enough　as　the　enemies；　secret　or　avowed；　of　popular　government。〃

Therefore；　〃let　the　people　of　each　commune；　before　they　quit　their

homes〃　for　the　army；　〃put　all　those　who　are　suspected　of　not　loving

liberty　in　a　secure　place；　and　under　the　safe…keeping　of　the　law；　let

them　be　kept　shut　up　until　war　is　over；　let　them　be　guarded　with

pikes；〃　and　let　each　one　of　their　guardians　receive　thirty　sous　per

day。



*　As　for　the　partisans　of　the　fallen　government；　the　members　of　the

Paris　directory；　〃with　Roederer　and　Blondel　at　their　head；〃



*　as　for　the　general　officers；　〃with　Lafayette　and　d'Affry　at　their

head；〃



*　as　for　〃the　critical　deputies　of　the　Constituent　Assembly；　with

Barnave　and　Lameth　at　their　head；〃



*　as　for　the　Feuillant　deputies　of　the　Legislative　Assembly；　〃with

Ramond　and　Jaucourt　at　their　head；〃＇7＇



*　as　for　〃all　those　who　consented　to　soil　their　hands　with　the　profits

of　the　civil　list；〃



*　as　for　〃the　40；000　hired　assassins　who　were　gathered　at　the　palace

on　the　night　of　August　9…10；



they　are　all　（say　the　Jacobins）furious　monsters；　who　ought　to　be

strangled　to　the　last　one。　People！　you　have　risen　to　your　feet；　stand

firm　until　not　one　of　these　conspirators　remains　alive。　Your　humanity

requires　you　for　once　to　show　yourselves　inexorable。　Strike　terror　to

the　wicked。　The　proscriptions　which　we　impose　on　you　as　a　duty；　are

the　sacred　wrath　of　your　country。〃



There　is　no　mistaking　this；　it　is　a　tocsin　sounding　against　all　the

powers　that　be；　against　all　social　superiority；　against　priests　and

nobles；　proprietors；　capitalists；　the　leaders　of　business　and

industry；　it　is　sounding；　in　short；　against　the　whole　élite　of　France；

whether　of　old　or　recent　origin。　　The　Jacobins　of　Paris；　by　their

journals；　their　examples；　their　missionaries；　give　the　signal；　and　in

the　provinces　their　kindred　spirits；　imbued　with　the　same　principles；

only　wait　the　summons　to　hurl　themselves　forward。







II。



In　several　departments　it　establishes　itself　in　advance。　　　An　instance

of　this　in　the　Var。



In　many　departments＇8＇　they　have　forestalled　the　summons。　In　the　Var；

for　example；　pillages　and　proscriptions　have　begun　with　the　month　of

May。　According　to　custom；　they　first　seize　upon　the　castles　and　the

monasteries；　although　these　have　become　national　property；　at　one　time

alleging　as　a　reason　for　this　that　the　administration　〃is　too　slow　in

carrying　out　sentence　against　the　émigrés；〃　and　again；　that　〃the

chateau；　standing　on　an　eminence；　weighs　upon　the　inhabitants。〃＇9＇

There　is　scarcely　a　village　in　France　that　does　not　contain　twoscore

wretches　who　are　always　ready　to　line　their　pockets；　which　is　just　the

number　of　thieves　who　thoroughly　sacked　the　chateau　of　Montaroux；

carrying　off　〃furniture；　produce；　clothing；　even　the　jugs　and　bottles

in　the　cellar。〃　There　are　the　same　doings　by　the　same　band　at　the

chateau　of　Tournon；　the　chateau　of　Salerne　is　burned；　that　of　Flagose

is　pulled　down；　the　canal　of　Cabris　is　destroyed；　then　the　convent　of

Montrieux；　the　chateaux　of　Grasse；　of　Canet；　of　Régusse；　of　Brovaz；

and　many　others；　all　devastated；　and　the　devastations　are　made

〃daily。〃　　It　is　impossible　to　suppress　this　country　brigandage。　The

reigning　dogma；　weakening　authority　in　the　magistrates'　hands；　and　the

clubs；　〃which　cover　the　department；〃　have　spread　the　fermentation　of

anarchy　everywhere。　〃Administrators；　judges；　municipal　officers；　all

who　are　invested　with　any　authority；　and　who　have　the　courage　to　use

it　in　forcing　respect　for　law；　are　one　by　one　denounced　by　public

opinion　as　enemies　of　the　constitution　and　of　liberty；　because；

people　say；　they　talk　of　nothing　but　the　law；　as　if　they　did　not　know

that　the　will　of　the　people　makes　the　law；　and　that　we　are　the

people。〃＇10＇　This　is　the　real　principle；　here；　as　at　Paris；　it

instantly　begets　its　consequences。　　〃In　many　of　these　clubs　nothing　is

discussed　but　the　plundering　of　estates　and　cutting　off　the　heads　of

aristocrats。　And　who　are　designated　by　this　infamous　title？　In　the

cities；　the　great　traders　and　rich　proprietors；　in　the　country；　those

whom　we　call　the　bourgeois；　everywhere；　all　peaceable　citizens；　the

friends　of　order；　who　wish　to　enjoy；　under　the　shadow　of　the

protecting　law；　the　blessings　of　the　Constitution。　　Such　was　the　rage

of　their　denunciations　that　in　one　of　these　clubs　a　good　and　brave

peasant　was　denounced　as　an　aristocrat；　the　whole　of　his　aristocracy

consisting　in　his　having　said　to　those　who　plundered　the　chateau　of

their　seigneur；　already　mentioned；　that　they　would　not　enjoy　in　peace

the　fruits　of　their　crime。〃　　Here　is　the　Jacobin　programme　of　Paris

in　advance；　namely；　the　division　of　the　French　into　two　classes；　the

spoliation　of　one；　the　despotism　of　the　other；　the　destruction　of　the

well…to…do；　orderly　and　honest　under　the　dictation　of　those　who　are

not　so。



Here；　as　in　Paris；　the　programme　is　carried　out　step　by　step。　At

Beausset；　near　Toulon；　a　man　named　Vidal；　captain　of　the　National

Guard；　〃twice　set　at　liberty　by　virtue　of　two　consecutive

amnesties；〃＇11＇　punishes　not　resistance　merely；　but　even　murmurs；　with

death。　Two　old　men；　one　of　them　a　notary；　the　other　a　turner；　having

complained　of　him　to　the　public　prosecutor；　the　general　alarm　is

beaten；　a　gathering　of　armed　men　is　formed　in　the　street；　and　the

complainants　are　clubbed；　riddled　with　balls；　and　their　bodies　thrown

into　a　pit。　　Many　of　their　friends　are　wounded；　others　take　to　flight；

seven　houses　are　sacked；　and　the　municipality；　〃either　overawed　or　in

complicity；〃　makes　no　interference　until　all　is　over。　There　is　no　way

of　pursuing　the　guilty　ones；　the　foreman　of　the　jury；　who　goes；

escorted　by　a　thousand　men；　to　hold　an　inquest；　can　get　no　testimony。

The　municipal　officers　feign　to　have　heard　nothing；　neither　the

general　alarm　nor　the　guns　fired　under　their　windows。　The　other

witnesses　say　not　a　word；　but　they　declare；　sotto　voce；　the　reason　for

their　silence。　　If　they　should　testify；　〃they　would　be　sure　of　being

killed　as　soon　as　the　troops　should　have　gone　away。〃　The　foreman　of

the　jury　is　himself　menaced；　after　remaining　three…quarters　of　an

hour；　he　finds　it　prudent　to　leave　the　city。　　After　this　the　clubs

of　Beausset　and　of　the　neighborhood；　gaining　hardihood　from　the

impotence　of　the　law；　break　out　into　incendiary　propositions：　〃It　is

announced　that　after　the　troops　retreat；　nineteen　houses　more　will　be

sacked；　it　is　proposed　to　behead　all　aristocrats；　that　is　to　say；　all

the　land…owners　in　the　country。〃　　Many　have　fled；　but　their　flight

does　not　satisfy　the　clubs。　Vidal　orders　those　of　Beausset　who　took

refuge　in　Toulon　to　return　at　once；　otherwise　their　houses　will　be

demolished；　and　that　very　day；　in　fact；　by　way　of　warning；　several

houses　in　Beausset；　among　them　that　of　a　notary；　are　either　pulled

down　or　pillaged　from　top　to　bottom；　all　the　riff…raff　of　the　town　are

at　work；　〃half…drunken　men　and　women；〃　and；　as　their　object　is　to　rob

and　drink；　they　would　like　to　begin　again　in　the　principal　town　of　the

canton。　　The　club；　accordingly；　has　declared　that　〃Toulon　would　soon

see　a　new　St。　Bartholomew〃；　it　has　allies　there；　and　arrangements　are

made；　each　club　in　the　small　towns　of　the　vicinity　will　furnish　men；

while　all　will　march　under　the　leadership　of　the　Toulon　club。　At

Toulon；　as　at　Beausset；　the　municipality　will　let　things　take　their

course；　while　the　proceedings　complained　of　by　the　public　prosecutor

and　the　district　and　department　administrators　will　be　applied　to

them。　They　may　send　reports　to　Paris；　and　denounce　patriots　to　the

National　Assembly　and　the　King；　if　they　choose；　the　club　will　reply　to

their　scribbling　with　acts。　Their　turn　is　coming。　　Lanterns　and　sabers

are　also　found　at　Toulon；　and　the　faction　murders　them　because　they

have　lodged　complaints　against　the　murderers。







III。



Each　Jacobin　band　a　dictator　in　its　own　neighborhood。　…Saint…Afrique

during　the　interregnum。



By　what　it　dared　to　do　when　the　government　still　stood　on　its　feet　we

may　we　may　imagine　what　it　will　do　during　the　interregnum。　Facts；

then；　as　always；　furnish　the　best　picture；　and；　to　obtain　a　knowledge

of　the　new　sovereign；　we　must　first　observe　him　on　a　limited　stage。



On　the　reception　of　the　news　of　the　10th　of　August；　the　Jacobins　of

Saint…Afrique；　a　small　town　of　the　Aveyron；＇12＇　likewise　undertook　to

save　the　country；　and；　to　this　end；　like　their　fellows　in　other

boroughs　of　the　district；　they　organized　themselves　into　an　〃Executive

Power。〃　This　institution　is　of　an　old　date；　especially　in　the　South；

it　had　flourished　for　eighteen　months　from　Lyons　to　Montpellier；　from

Agen　to　N？mes；　but　after　the　interregnum；　its　condition　is　still　more

flourishing；　it　consists　of　a　secret　society；　the　object　of　which　is

to　carry　out　practically　the　motions　and　instructions　of　the　club。＇13＇

Ordinarily；　they　work　at　night；　wearing　masks　or　slouched　hats；　with

long　hair　falling　over　the　face。　　A　list　of　their　names；　each　with　a

number　opposite　to　it；　is　kept　at　the　meeting…place　of　the　society。　A

triangular　club；　decked　with　a　red　ribbon；　serves　them　both　as　weapon

and　badge；　with　this　club；　each　member　〃may　go　anywhere；〃　and　do　what

seems　good