the origins of contemporary france-3-第76部分

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〃for　fear　that　they　may　congregate　under　the　German　eagle〃；　so　that；

made　rebellious　and　declared　traitors　in　spite　of　themselves；　they　may

still　remain　in　their　pens　subject　to　the　knife。　　As　the　exportation

of　specie　is　prohibited；　those　who　have　procured　the　necessary　coin

are　robbed　of　it　on　the　frontier；　while　others；　who　fly　at　all

hazards；　tracked　like　wild　boars；　or　run　down　like　hares；　escape　like

the　bishop　of　Barral；　athwart　bayonets；　or　like　the　abbé　Guillon；

athwart　sabers；　when　they　are　not　struck　down；　like　the　abbé　Pescheur；

by　the　blows　of　a　gun…stock。＇82＇



It　is　soon　dawn。　The　files　are　too　numerous　and　too　large；　Roland

finds　that；　out　of　eighty…three；　he　can　examine　but　fifty；　he　must

hasten　on；　leaving　the　East；　his　eyes　again　turn　to　the　South。　　On

this　side；　too；　there　are　strange　sights。　　On　the　2nd　　of　September；

at　Chalons…sur…Marne＇83＇；　M。　Chanlaire；　an　octogenarian　and　deaf；　is

returning；　with　his　prayer…book　under　his　arm；　from　the　Mall；　to　which

he　resorted　daily　to　read　his　prayers。　　A　number　of　Parisian

volunteers　who　meet　him；　seeing　that　he　looks　like　a　devotee；　order

him　to　shout；　〃Vive　la　Liberté〃　　Unable　to　understand　them；　he　makes

no　reply。　They　then　seize　him　by　the　ears；　and；　not　marching　fast

enough；　they　drag　him　along；　his　old　ears　give　way；　and；　excited　by

seeing　blood；　they　cut　off　his　ears　and　nose；　and　thus；　the　poor　old

man　dripping　with　blood；　they　reach　the　H？tel…de…Ville。　　At　this　sight

a　notary；　posted　there　as　sentinel；　and　who　is　a　man　of　feeling；　is

horror…stricken　and　escapes；　while　the　other　National　Guards　hasten　to

shut　the　iron　gates。　　The　Parisians；　still　dragging　along　their

captive；　go　to　the　district　and　then　to　the　department　bureau　〃to

denounce　aristocrats〃；　on　the　way　they　continue　to　strike　the

tottering　old　man；　who　falls　down；　they　then　decapitate　him；　place

pieces　of　his　body　on　pikes；　and　parade　these　about。　　Meanwhile；　in

this　same　town；　twenty…two　gentlemen；　at　Beaune；　forty　priests　and

nobles；　at　Dijon；　eighty…three　heads　of　families；　locked　up　as

suspected　without　evidence　or　examination；　and　confined　at　their　own

expense　two　months　under　pikes；　ask　themselves　every　morning　whether

the　populace　and　the　volunteers；　who　shout　death　cries　through　the

streets；　mean　to　release　them　in　the　same　way　as　in　Paris。＇84＇　　A

trifle　is　sufficient　to　provoke　a　murder。　　On　the　19th　of　August；　at

Auxerre　as　the　National　Guard　is　marching　along；　three　citizens；　after

having　taken　the　civic　oath；　〃left　the　ranks；〃　and；　on　being　called

back；　〃to　make　them　fall　in；〃　one；　either　impatient　or　in　ill…humor；

〃replied　with　an　indecent　gesture〃。　The　populace；　taking　it　as　an

insult；　instantly　rush　at　them；　and　shoving　aside　the　municipal　body

and　the　National　Guards；　wound　one　and　kill　the　other　two。＇85＇　　A

fortnight　after；　in　the　same　town；　several　young　ecclesiastics　are

massacred；　and　〃the　corpse　of　one　of　them　remains　three　days　on　a

manure　heap；　the　relatives　not　being　allowed　to　bury　it。〃　　About　the

same　date；　in　a　village　of　sabot　makers；　five　leagues　from　Autun；　four

ecclesiastics　provided　with　passports；　among　them　a　bishop　and　his　two

grand…vicars；　are　arrested；　then　examined；　robbed；　and　murdered　by　the

peasantry。　Below　Autun；　especially　in　the　district　of　Roanne；　the

villagers　burn　the　rent…rolls　of　national　property；　the　volunteers　put

property…owners　to　ransom；　both；　apart　from　each　other　or　together；

give　themselves　up　〃to　every　excess　and　to　every　sort　of　iniquity

against　those　whom　they　suspect　of　incivism　under　pretense　of

religious　opinions。〃＇86＇　However　preoccupied　or　upset　Roland's　mind

may　be　by　the　philosophic　generalities　with　which　it　is　filled；　he　has

long　inspected　manufactures　in　this　country；　the　name　of　every　place

is　familiar　to　him；　objects　and　forms　are　this　time　clearly　defined　to

his　arid　imagination；　and　he　begins　to　see　things　through　and　beyond

mere　words。



Madame　Roland　rests　her　finger　on　Lyons；　so　familiar　to　her　two　years

before；　she　becomes　excited　against　〃the　quadruple　aristocracy　of　the

town；　petty　nobles；　priests；　heavy　merchants；　and　limbs　of　the　law；　in

short；　those　formerly　known　as　honest　folks；　according　to　the

insolence　of　the　ancient　régime。〃＇87＇　She　may　now　find　an　aristocracy

of　another　kind　there；　that　of　the　gutter。　Following　the　example　of

Paris；　the　Lyons　clubbists；　led　by　Charlier；　have　arranged　for　a

massacre　on　a　grand　scale　of　the　evil…disposed　or　suspected　Another

ringleader；　Dodieu；　has　drawn　up　a　list　by　name　of　two　hundred

aristocrats　to　he　hung；　on　the　9th　of　September；　women　with　pikes；　the

maniacs　of　the　suburbs；　bands　of　〃the　unknown；〃　collected　by　the

central　club；＇88＇　undertake　to　clean　out　the　prisons。　　If　the　butchery

is　not　equal　to　that　of　Paris；　it　is　because　the　National　Guard；　more

energetic；　interferes　just　at　the　moment　when　a　Parisian　emissary；

Saint…Charles；　reads　off　a　list　of　names　in　the　prison　of　Roanne

already　taken　from　the　prison　register。　　But；　in　other　places；　it

arrives　too　late。　　　Eight　officers　of　the　Royal…Pologne　regiment；　in

garrison　at　Auch；　some　of　them　having　been　in　the　service　twenty　and

thirty　years；　had　been　compelled　to　resign　owing　to　the

insubordination　of　their　men；　but；　at　the　express　desire　of　the

Minister　of　War；　they　had　patriotically　remained　at　their　posts；　and；

in　twenty　days　of　laborious　marching；　they　had　led　their　regiment　from

Auch　to　Lyons。　　Three　days　after　their　arrival；　seized　at　night　in

their　beds；　conducted　to　Pierre…Encize；　pelted　with　stones　on　the　way；

kept　in　secret　confinement；　and　with　frequent　and　prolonged

examinations；　all　this　merely　put　their　services　and　their　innocence

in　stronger　light。　　They　are　taken　from　the　prison　by　the　Jacobin　mob；

of　the　eight；　seven　are　killed　in　the　street；　and　four　priests　along

with　them；　while　the　exhibition　of　their　work　by　the　murderers　is

still　more　brazen　than　at　Paris。　They　parade　the　heads　of　the　dead　all

night　on　the　ends　of　their　pikes；　they　carry　them　to　the　Place　des

Terreaux　into　the　coffee…houses；　they　set　them　on　the　tables　and

derisively　offer　them　beer；　they　then　light　torches；　enter　the

Célestins　theater；　and；　marching　on　the　stage　with　their　trophies；

blending　real　and　mock　tragedy。　　The　epilogue　is　both　grotesque　and

horrible。　　Roland；　at　the　bottom　of　the　file；　finds　a　letter　from　his

colleague；　Danton；＇89＇　who　begs　him　to　release　the　officers；　murdered

three　months　ago；　〃for；〃　says　Danton；　〃if　no　charge　can　be　found

against　them；　it　would　be　crying　injustice　to　keep　them　longer　in

irons。〃　　Roland's　clerk　makes　a　minute　on　Danton's　letter：　〃This

matter　disposed　of。〃　At　this　I　imagine　the　couple　looking　at　each

other　in　silence。　　Madame　Roland　may　remember　that；　at　the　beginning

of　the　Revolution；　she　herself　demanded　heads；　especially　〃two

illustrious　heads；〃　and　hoped　〃that　the　National　Assembly　would

formally　try　them；　or　that　some　generous　Decius〃＇90＇　would　devote

himself　to　〃striking　them　down。〃＇91＇　Her　prayers　are　granted。　The

trial　is　about　to　begin　in　the　regular　way；　and　the　Decius　she　has

invoked　is　everywhere　found　throughout　France。



The　south…east　corner　remains；　that　Provence；　described　to　him　by

Barbaroux　as　the　last　retreat　of　philosophy　and　freedom。　Roland

follows　the　Rh？ne　down　with　his　finger；　and　on　both　banks　he　finds；　as

he　passes　along；　the　usual　characteristic　misdeeds。　…　　On　the　right

bank；　in　Cantal　and　in　the　Gard；　〃the　defenders　of　the　country〃　fill

their　pockets　at　the　expense　of　taxpayers　designated　by

themselves；＇92＇　this　forced　subscription　is　called　〃a　voluntary　gift。〃

〃Poor　laborers　at　Nismes　were　taxed　50　francs；　others　200；　300；　900；

1；000；　under　penalty　of　devastation　and　of　bad　treatment。〃　　In　the

country　near　Tarascon　the　volunteers；　returning　to　the　old…fashioned

ways　of　bandits；　brandish　the　saber　over　the　mother's　head；　threaten

to　smother　the　aunt　in　her　bed；　hold　the　child　over　a　deep　well；　and

thus　extort　from　the　farmer　or　proprietor　even　as　much　as　4；000　or

5；000　francs。　Generally　the　farmer　keeps　silent；　for；　in　case　of

complaint；　he　is　sure　to　have　his　buildings　burnt　and　his　olive　trees

cut　down。＇93＇　…　　On　the　left　bank；　in　the　Isère；　Lieutenant…colonel

Spendeler；　seized　by　the　populace　of　Tullins；　was　murdered；　and　then

hung　by　his　feet　in　a　tree　on　the　roadside；＇94＇　　in　the　Dr？me；　the

volunteers　of　Gard　forced　the　prison　at　Montélimart　and　hacked　an

innocent　person　to　death　with　a　saber；＇95＇　in　Vaucluse；　the　pillaging

is　general　and　constant。　　With　all　public　offices　in　their　hands；　and

they　alone　admitted　into　the　National　Guard；　the　old　brigands　of

Avignon；　with　the　municipality　for　their　accomplice；　sweep　the　town

and　raid　about　the　country；　in　town；　450；000　francs　of　〃voluntary

gifts〃　are　handed　over　to　the　Glacière　murderers　by　the　friends　and

relatives　of　the　dead；　　in　the　country；　ransoms　of　1；000　and　10；000

francs　are　imposed　on　rich　cultivators；　to　say　nothing　of　the　orgies

of　conquest　and　the　pleasures　of　despots；　money　forcibly　obtained　in

honor　of　innumerable　liberty　trees；　banquets　at　a　cost　of　five　or　six

hundred　francs；　paid　for　by　extorted　funds；　reveling　of　every　sort　and

unrestrained　havoc　on　the　invaded　farms；＇96＇　in　short；　the　abuse

drunken　force　amusing　itself　with　brutality　and　proud　of　its　violence。



Following　this　long　line　of　murders　and　robbery；　the　Minister　reaches

Marseilles；　and　I　imagine　him　stopping　at　this　city　some…what

dumbfounded。　　Not　that　he　is　in　any　way　astonished　at　widespread

murders；　undoubtedly　he　has　had　received　information　of　them　from　Aix；

Aubagne；　Apt；　Brignolles；　and　Eyguières；　while　there　are　a　series　of

them　at　Marseilles；　one　in　July；　two　in　August；　and　two　in

September；＇97＇　but　this　he　must　be　used　to。　　What　disturbs　him　here　is

to　see　the　national　bond　dissolving；　he　sees　departments　breaking

away；　new；　distinct；　independent；　complete　governments　f