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the origins of contemporary france-3-第89部分

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June 28; 1793): 〃My friend learned that the place had been given to

another; who had paid 50 louis to the deputy。  The places in the

bureaus; the armies; the administrations and commissions are estimated

at 9;000。 The deputies of the Mountain have exclusive disposal of them

and set their price on them; the rates being almost publicly stated。〃

The number greatly increases during the following year (Mallet du Pan;

II。56; March; 1794)。 〃The public employees at the capital alone amount

to 35;000。〃



'10' Decree of Aug。 11; 12; 1792。



'11' Sauzay; III。 45。 The number increases from 3;200 to 7;000。



'12' Durand…Maillane; 〃Mémoires;〃 p。 30: 〃This proceeding converted

the French proletariat; which had no property or tenacity; into the

dominant party at electoral assemblages。。 。 。  The various clubs

established in France (were) then masters of the elections。〃 In the

Bouches…du…Rh?ne 〃400 electors in Marseilles; one…sixth of whom had

not the income of a silver marc; despotically controlled our Electoral

Assembly。 Not a voice was allowed to be raised against them。 。 。 Only

those were elected whom Barbaroux designated。〃



'13'  Decree of Aug。 11; 12; 〃Archives Nationales;〃 CII。 58 to 76。

Official report of the Electoral Assembly of the Rh?ne…et…Loire; held

at Saint…Etienne。 The electors of Saint…Etienne demand remuneration

the same as the others; considering that they gave their time in the

same way。 Granted。



'14' 〃Archives Nationales;〃 CII。 1 to 32。 Official report of the

Electoral Assembly of the Bouches…du…Rh?ne; speech by Durand…Maillane:

〃Could I in the National Convention be otherwise than I have been in

relation to the former Louis XVI。; who; after his flight on the 22d of

June; appeared to me unworthy of the throne? Can I do otherwise than

abhor royalty; after so many of our regal crimes?〃



'15' Moniteur; XIII。 623; session of Sept。 8; speech by Larivière。 …

〃Archives Nationales;〃 CII。; 1 to 83。 (The official reports make

frequent mention of the dispatch of this comparative lists; and the

Jacobins who send it request the Electoral Assembly to have it read

forthwith。)



'16' Rétif de la Bretonne; 〃Les Nuits de Paris;〃 Night X。 p。 301: 〃As

soon as the primary assemblies had been set up; the plotters began to

work; electors were nominated; and through the vicious system adopted

in the sections; an uproar made it out for a majority of voices。  

Cf。 Schmidt; 〃Tableaux de la Révolution Fran?aise;〃 I。 98。 Letter of

Damour; vice…president of the section of the Théatre…Fran?ais; Oct。29。

 〃 Un Séjour en France;〃 p。29:  〃The primary assemblies have already

begun in this department (Pas…de…Calais)。 We happened to enter a

church; where we found young Robespierre haranguing an audience as

small in point of number as it was in that of respectability。 They

applauded vigorously as if to make up for their other shortcomings。〃



'17' Albert Babeau; I。 518。 At Troyes; Aug。26; the revolutionaries in

most of the sections have it decided that the relations of an émigré;

designated as hostages and the signers of royalist addresses; shall

not be entitled to vote: 〃The sovereign people in their primary

assembly may admit among its members only pure citizens against whom

there is not the slightest reproach〃 (resolution of the Madeleine

section)。  Sauzay; III。 47; 49 and following pages。 At Quinsy; Aug。

26; Lout; working the Chattily furnaces; along with a hundred of his

men armed with clubs; keeps away from the ballot…box the electors of

the commune of Courcelles; 〃suspected of incivisme。 〃  〃 Archives

Nationales;〃 F7; 3217。  Letters of Gilles; justice an the canton of

Roquemaure (Gard); Oct。 31; 1792; and Jan。 23; 1793; on the electoral

proceedings employed in this canton: Dutour; president of the club;

left his chair to support the motion for 〃lanterning〃 the grumpy and

all the false patriots。 。 。 On the 4th  of November 〃he forced

contributions by threatening to cut off heads and destroy houses。〃 He

was elected juge…de…paix。   Another; Magère; 〃approved of the motion

for setting up a gallows; provided that it was not placed in front of

his windows; and stated openly in the club that if people followed the

law they would never accomplish anything to be remembered。〃 He was

elected member of the department directory。  A third; Fournier;

〃wrote that the gifts which citizens made to save their lives were

voluntary gifts。〃 He is made a department councilor。 〃Peaceable

citizens are storing their furniture in safe places in order to take

to flight 。 。 。  There is no security in France; the epithet of

aristocrat; of Feuillant; of moderate affixed to the most honest

citizen's name is enough to make him an object of spoliation and to

expose him to losing his life。 。 。 I insist on regarding the false

idea which is current in relation to popular sovereignty as the

principal cause of the existing anarchy。〃



'18' Schmidt; 〃Pariser Zustande;〃 I。 50 and following pages。 

Mortimer…Ternaux; V。 95。 109; 117; 129。 (Ballot of Oct。 4; 14;137

voters; Oct。 22; 14;006;  Nov。19;  10;223; Dec。 6; 7062。)



'19' Sauzay; III。 45; 46; 221。  Albert Babeau; I。 517。  Lallié;

〃Le district de Machecoul; 225。  Cf。 in the above the history of the

elections 'of Saint…Affrique: out of more than 600 registered electors

the mayor and syndic…attorney are elected by forty votes。  The

plebiscite of September; 1795; on the constitution of the year III。

calls out only 958;000 voters。 Repugnance to voting still exists。

〃Ninety times out of a hundred; on asking: 'Citizen; how did the

Electoral Assembly of your canton go off?' they would reply (in

patois): 'Me; citizen? why should I go there? They have a good deal of

trouble in getting along together。' Or; 'What would you? Only a few

will come; honest people will stay at home!'〃 (Meissner; 〃Voyage à

Paris;〃 towards the end of 1795。)



'20'  Stalin easily found a remedy。 He obliged all to vote and

falsified the count so that 99% now voted for him and his men。 (SR)。



'21' 〃 Archives Nationales;〃 CII。 1 to 76; passim; especially the

official reports of the assemblies of the Bouches…du…Rh?ne; Hérault

and Paris。 Speech by Barbaroux to the Electoral Assembly of the

Bouches…du…Rh?ne: 〃Brothers and friends; liberty will perish if you do

not elect men to the National Convention whose hearts are filled with

hatred of royalty。 。 。 Mine is the soul of a freeman; ever since my

fourth year it has been nourished on hatred to kings。 I will relieve

France from this detestable race; or I will die in the attempt。 Before

I leave you I will sign my own death…warrant; I will designate what I

love most; I will show you all my possessions; I will lay a dagger on

the table which shall pierce my heart if ever for an instant I prove

false to the cause of the people!〃 (session of Sept。 3)。 … Guillon de

Montléon; I; 135。



'22' Durand…Maillane; I。33。 In the Electoral Assembly of the Bouches…

du…Rh?ne 〃there was a desire to kill an elector suspected of

aristocracy。〃



'23' Mortimer…Ternaux; IV。 52。 〃Archives Nationales;〃 CII。 I to 32。 

Official report of the Electora1 Assembly of Bouches…du…Rh?ne。 Speech

by Pierre Bayle; Sept。 3: 〃That man is not free who tries to conceal

his conscience in the shadow of a vote。 The Romans openly elected

their tribunes。 。 。 Who amongst us would reject so wise a measure? The

galleries of the National Assembly have had as much to do with

fostering the Revolution as the bayonets of patriots。 〃  In Seine…

et…Marne the Assembly at first decided for the secret vote; at the

request of the Paris commissaries; Ronsin and Lacroix; it rescinds its

decision and adopts voting aloud and by call。



'24' Barbaroux; 〃Mémoires;〃 379: 〃One day; on proceeding to the

elections; tumultuous shouts break out: 'That is an anti…revolutionary

from Arles; hang him!' An Arlesian had; indeed; been arrested on the

square; brought into the Assembly; and they were lowering the lantern

to run him up。〃



'25' Mortimer…Ternaux; III。 338。  De Sybel; 〃Histoire de l'Europe

pendant la Révolution Fran?aise〃 (Dosquet's translation); I。 525。

(Correspondence of the army of the South; letter by Charles de Hesse;

commanding the regular troops at Lyons。)



'26' Mortimer…Ternaux; V。101; 122 and following pages。



'27' Guillon de Montléon; I。 172; 196 and following pages。



'28' Sauzay; III。 220 and following pages。  Albert Babeau; II。 15。

At Troyes; two mayors elected refuse in turn。 At the third ballot in

this town of from 32;000 to 35;000 souls; the mayor…elect obtains 400

out of 555 votes。



'29' Moniteur; XV。 184 to 233 (the roll…call of those who voted for

the death of Louis XVI)。Dumouriez; II。 73 (Dumouriez reaches Paris

Feb。 2; 1793; after visiting the coasts of Dunkirk and Antwerp): 〃All

through Picardy; Artois; and maritime Flanders Dumouriez found the

people in consternation at the tragic end of Louis XVI。 He noticed

that the very name of Jacobin excited horror as well as fear。〃



'30' This number; so important; is verified by the following passages:

 Moniteur; session of Dec。 39; 1792。 Speech by Birotteau: 〃Fifty

members against 690。 。 。 About twenty former nobles; fifteen or twenty

priests; and a dozen September judges (want to prevail against) 700

deputies。〃  Ibid。; 851 (Dec。26; on the motion to defer the trial of

the king): 〃About fifty voices; with energy; No! no! 〃  Ibid。; 865;

(Dec。27; a violent speech by Lequinio; applauded by the extreme 〃Left〃

and the galleries; the president calls them to order): 〃The applause

continues of about fifty members of the extreme 'Left。' 〃  Mortimer…

Ternaux; VI。 557。 (Address by Tallien to the Parisians; Dec。23;

against the banishment of the Duke of Orleans): 〃To…morrow; under the

vain pretext of another measure of general safety; the 60 or 80

members who on account of their courageous and inflexible adherence to

principles are offensive to the Brissot
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