the origins of contemporary france-3-第92部分

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＇106＇　Beaulieu；　〃Essais；〃　I。　100。　〃Maillard　died；　his　stomach　eaten

away　by　brandy〃　（April　15；　1794）。　…　Alexandre　Sorel；　〃Stanislas

Maillard；〃　pp。　32　to　42。　Report　of　Fabre　d'Eglantine　on　Maillard；　Dec。

17；　1793。　A　decree　subjecting　him　to　indictment　along　with　Ronsin　and

Vincent；　Maillard　publishes　his　apology；　in　which　we　see　that　he　was

already　active　in　the　Rue　Favart　before　the　31st　of　May。　〃I　am　one　of

the　members　of　that　meeting　of　true　patriots　and　I　am　proud　of　it；　for

it　is　there　that　the　spark　of　that　sacred　insurrection　of　the　31st　of

May　was　kindled。〃



＇107＇　Alexandre　Sorel；　ibid。　（denunciation　of　the　circumstance　by

Lecointre；　Dec。14；　1793　accompanied　with　official　reports　of　the

justices）。　　〃Archives　Nationales；〃　F7；　3268　（letter　of　the　directory

of　Corbeil　to　the　Minister；　with　official　report；　Nov。　28；1792）。　On

the　26th　of　November　eight　or　ten　armed　men；　foot…soldiers；　and　others

on　horseback；　entered　the　farm…house　of　a　man　named　Ruelle；　in　the

commune　of　Lisse。　They　dealt　him　two　blows　with　their　sabers；　then　put

a　bag　over　his　head；　kicked　him　in　the　face；　tormented　him；　and　almost

smothered　his　wife　and　two　women　servants；　to　make　him　give　up　his

money。　A　carter　was　shot　with　a　pistol　in　the　shoulder　and　twice

struck　with　a　saber；　the　hands　about　the　premises　were　tied　and　bound

like　so　many　cattle。　Finally　the　bandits　went　away；　carrying　with　them

silver　plate；　a　watch；　rings；　laces；　two　guns；　etc。



＇108＇　Moniteur；　XV。　565。　　Buchez　et　Roux；　XXIV。　335　and　following

pages。　…　Rétif　de　la　Bretonne；　〃Nuits　de　Paris；〃　　VIII。　460。　（an　eye

witness）。　The　last　of　these　details　are　given　by　him。



＇109＇　Cf。　Ed。　Fleury；　〃Baboeuf；〃　pp。139　and　150。　Through　a　striking

coincidence　the　party　staff　is　still　of　the　same　order　in　1796。

Baboeuf　estimates　his　adherents　in　Paris　as　〃4；000　revolutionaries；

1；500　members　of　the　former　authorities；　and　1；000　bourgeois　gunners；〃

besides　soldiers；　prisoners；　and　a　police　force。　He　also　recruited　a

good　many　prostitutes。　The　men　who　come　to　him　are　workmen　who　pretend

to　have　arsouillé109　　in　the　Revolution　and　who　are　ready　to　repeat

the　job；　provided　it　is　for　the　purpose　of　killing　those　rich　rascals；

the　monopolizers；　merchants；　informers；　and　panachés　at　the

Luxembourg。〃　（Letter　of　the　agent　of　the　Bonne…Nouvelle　section；　April

13；　1796。）



＇110＇　The　proportion；　composition　and　spirit　of　the　party　are

everywhere　the　same；　especially　at　Lyons　（Guillon　de　Montléon；

〃Mémoires；〃　and　Balleydier；　〃Histoire　du　peuple　de　Lyon；〃。　passim）；　at

Toulon　（Lauvergne；　〃Histoire　du　department　du　Var〃）；　at　Marseilles；

Bordeaux；　Toulouse；　Strasbourg；　Besan？on；　etc。　　At　Bordeaux

（Riouffe；　〃Mémoires；〃　23）　〃it　consisted　wholly　of　vagabonds；

Savoyards；　Biscayans；　even　Germans；　。　。brokers；　and　water…carriers；

who　had　become　so　powerful　that　they　arrested　the　rich；　and　so　well…

off　that　they　traveled　by　post〃　Riouffe　adds：　〃When　I　read　this

passage　in　the　Conciergerie　men　from　every　corner　of　the　republic

exclaimed　in　one　voice：　'It　is　the　same　in　all　the　communes！'〃　　Cf。

Durand…Maillane；　〃Mémoires；〃　67：　〃This　people；　thus　qualified；　since

the　suppression　of　the　silver　marc　has　been　the　most　vicious　and　most

depraved　in　the　community。〃　…　Dumouriez；　II。　51。　〃The　Jacobins；　taken

for　the　most　part；　from　the　most　abject　and　most　brutal　of　the　nation；

unable　to　furnish　men　of　sufficient　dignity　for　offices；　have　degraded

offices　to　their　own　level。　。　。　　They　are　drunken；　barbarous　Helots

that　have　taken　the　places　of　the　Spartans。〃　　The　sign　of　their

advent　is　the　expulsion　of　the　liberals　and　of　the　refined　of　1789。

（〃Archives　Nationales；〃　F7；　4434；　No。6。　Letter　of　Richard　to　the

committee　on　Public　Safety；　Vent？se　3；　year　II。）。　During　the

proconsulate　of　Baudot　at　Toulouse　〃almost　all　the　patriots　of　1789

were　excluded　from　the　popular　club　they　had　founded；　an　immense

number　were　admitted　whose　patriotism　reached　only　as　far　back　as　the

10th　of　August　1792；　if　it　even　went　so　far　as　the　31st　of　last　May。

It　is　an　established　fact　that　out　of　more　than　1；000　persons　who　now

compose　the　club　there　are　not　fifty　whose　patriotism　as　far　back　as

the　beginning　of　the　Revolution。〃



＇111＇　　Any　tribune　taking　command　of　a　mob　of　brutes　is　well　advised

to　understand　Taine's　analysis。　One　might　think　Hitler　had　read　Taine

pr　somebody　who　had　learned　from　his　wisdom；　somewhat　like　the　Devil

who　had　read　the　Bible。　See　page　208；　The　Secret　of　Ruling　the　Masses；

in　Rauschning's　book；　〃Hitler　Speaks〃。　（SR）。



＇112＇　R？derer；　〃Chronique　des　cinquante　jours。〃



＇113＇　Schmidt；　I。　246　（Dutard；　May　18）。



＇114＇　Schmidt；　I。　215　（Dutard；　May　25）。



＇115＇　Buchez　et　Roux；　XXV。　156　（extract　from　the　Patriote　Fran？ais；

March　30；　1793）。Speech　by　Chasles　at　the　Jacobin　Club；　March　27：　〃We

have　announced　to　our　fellow…citizens　in　the　country　that　by　means　of

the　war…tax　the　poor　could　be　fed　by　the　rich；　and　that　they　would

find　in　the　purses　of　those　egoists　the　wherewithal　to　live　on。〃

Ibid。；　269。　　Speech　by　Rose　Lacombe：　〃Let　us　make　sure　of　the

aristocrats；　let　us　force　them　to　meet　the　enemies　which　Dumouriez　is

bringing　against　Paris。　Let　us　give　them　to　understand　that　if　they

prove　treacherous　their　wives　and　children　shall　have　their　throats

cut；　and　that　we　will　burn　their　houses。　。　　　I　do　not　want　patriots　to

leave　the　city；　I　want　them　to　guard　Paris。　And　if　we　are　beaten；　the

first　man　who　hesitates　to　apply　the　torch；　let　him　be　stabbed　at

once。　　I　want　all　the　owners　of　property　who　have　grabbed　everything

and　excited　the　people's　anger；　to　kill　the　tyrants　themselves　or　else

be　killed。〃　＇Applause　　April　3。＇　…　Ibid。；　302　（in　the　Convention；

April　8）：　〃Marat　demands　that　100；000　relatives　and　friends　of　the

émigrés　be　seized　as　hostages　for　the　safety　of　the　commissioners　in

the　hands　of　the　enemy。〃　　Cf。　Balleydier；　117；　122。　At　Lyons；　Jan。

26；　1793；　Challier　addresses　the　central　club：　〃Sans…culottes；

rejoice！　the　blood　of　the　royal　tiger　has　flowed　in　sight　of　his　den！

But　full　justice　is　not　yet　done　to　the　people　　There　are　still　500

among　you　deserving　of　the　tyrant's　fate！　〃　　He　proposes　on　the　5th

of　February　a　revolutionary　tribunal　for　trying　arrested　persons　in　a

revolutionary　manner。　〃It　is　the　only　way　to　force　it　（the　Revolution）

on　royal　and　aristocratic　factionists；　the　only　rational　way　to　avenge

the　sovereignty　of　the　brave　sans…culottes；　who　belong　only　to　us。〃　　…

…　Hydens；　a　national　commissioner　adds：　〃Let　25；000；000　of　Frenchmen

perish　a　hundred　times　over　rather　than　one　single　indivisible

Republic！〃



＇116＇　Mallet　du　Pan；　the　last　expression。



＇117＇　Buzot；　64。



＇118＇　Michelet；　IV。　6　（according　to　an　oral　statement　by　Daunou）。　

Buchez　et　Roux；　101　（Letter　of　Louvet　to　Roland）：　〃At　the　moment　of

the　presentation　of　their　petition　against　armed　force　（departmental）

by　the　so…called　commissioners　of　the　48　sections　of　Paris；　I　heard

Santerre　say　in　a　loud　tone　to　those　around　him；　somewhat　in　these

words：　'You　see；　now；　these　deputies　are　not　up　to　the　Revolution。　。　。

That　all　comes　from　fifty；　a　hundred　two　hundred　leagues　off；　they

don't　understand　one　word　you　say！'〃







CHAPTER　IV。



PRECARIOUS　SITUATION　OF　A　CENTRAL　GOVERNMENT　LOCKED　UP　WITHIN　A　LOCAL

JURISDICTION。



　〃Citizen　Danton；〃　wrote　the　deputy　Thomas　Paine；＇1＇　〃the　danger；

every　day　increasing；　is　of　a　rupture　between　Paris　and　departments。

The　departments　did　not　send　their　deputies　to　Paris　to　be　insulted；

and　every　insult　shown　to　them　is　an　insult　to　the　department　that

elected　them。　I　see　but　one　effective　plan　to　prevent　this　rupture

taking　place；　and　that　is　to　fix　the　residence　of　the　Convention　and

of　the　future　assemblies　at　a　distance　from　Paris。　。　。　。　I　saw；　during

the　American　Revolution；　the　exceeding　inconvenience　that　arose　from

having　the　government　of　Congress　within　the　limits　of　any　municipal

jurisdiction。　Congress　first　resided　in　Philadelphia；　and；　after　a

residence　of　four　years；　it　found　it　necessary　to　leave　it。　It　then

adjourned　to　the　State　of　Jersey。　It　afterwards　removed　to　New　York。

It　again　removed　from　New　York　to　Philadelphia；　and；　after

experiencing　in　every　one　of　these　places　the　great　inconvenience　of　a

government　within　a　government；　it　formed　the　project　of　building　a

town　not　within　the　limits　of　any　municipal　jurisdiction　for　the

future　residence　of　Congress。　In　every　one　of　the　places　where

Congress　resided；　the　municipal　authority　privately　or　publicly

opposed　itself　to　the　authority　of　Congress；　and　the　people　of　each　of

those　places　expected　more　attention　from　Congress　than　their　equal

share　with　the　other　States　amounted　to。　The　same　thing　now　takes

place　in　France；　but　in　a　greater　excess。〃



Danton　knew　all　this；　and　he　is　sufficiently　clear…headed　to

comprehend　the　danger；　but　the　furrow　is　laid　out；　traced；　and　by

himself。　Since　the　10th　of　August　Paris　holds　France　down　while　a

handful　of　revolutionaries　tyrannize　Paris。＇2＇





I。



Jacobin　advantages。　　Their　sway　in　the　section　assemblies。　

Maintenance；　re…election　and　completion　of　the　Commune。　　Its　new

chiefs；　Chaumette；　Hébert　and　Pache。　　The　National　Guard　recast。　

Jacobins　elected　officers　and　sub…officers。　The　paid　band　of　roughs。

　Public　and　secret　funds　of　the　party。



Owing　to　the　composition　and　the　holding　of　the　section　assemblies；

the　original　　source　of　power　has　remained　Jacobin；　and　has　become　of

a　darker　and　darker　hue；　accordingly；　the　electoral　processes　which；

under　the　legislative　body；　had　fashioned　the　usurping　Commune　of　the

10th　of　August；　are　perpetuated　and　aggravated　under　the

Convention。＇3＇　〃In　nearly　all　the　sections＇4＇　it　is　the　sans…culottes

who　occupy　the　chair；　arrange　things　inside　the　chamber；　place　the

sentinels　and　provide　the　censors　and　auditors。　Five　or　six　spies；

familiar　with　the　section；　an