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¡¡¡¡A¡¡DISCUSSION¡¡ABOUT¡¡TEH
¡¡¡¡Essential¡¡teh¡¡makes¡¡no¡¡show¡¡of¡¡virtue£»¡¡and¡¡therefore¡¡it¡¡is¡¡really¡¡virtuous¡£¡¡Inferior¡¡virtue¡¡never¡¡loses¡¡sight¡¡of¡¡itself¡¡and¡¡therefore¡¡it¡¡is¡¡no¡¡longer¡¡virtue¡£¡¡Essential¡¡virtue¡¡is¡¡characterized¡¡by¡¡lack¡¡of¡¡self¡assertion¡¡£¨wu¡¡wei£©¡¡and¡¡therefore¡¡is¡¡unpretentious¡£¡¡Inferior¡¡virtue¡¡is¡¡acting¡¡a¡¡part¡¡and¡¡thereby¡¡is¡¡only¡¡pretense¡£
¡¡¡¡Superior¡¡benevolence¡¡in¡¡a¡¡way¡¡is¡¡acting¡¡but¡¡does¡¡not¡¡thereby¡¡become¡¡pretentious¡£¡¡Excessive¡¡righteousness¡¡is¡¡acting¡¡and¡¡does¡¡thereby¡¡become¡¡pretentious¡£¡¡Excessive¡¡propriety¡¡is¡¡acting£»¡¡but¡¡where¡¡no¡¡one¡¡responds¡¡to¡¡it£»¡¡it¡¡stretches¡¡its¡¡arm¡¡and¡¡enforces¡¡obedience¡£
¡¡¡¡Therefore¡¡when¡¡one¡¡loses¡¡Tao¡¡there¡¡is¡¡still¡¡teh£»¡¡one¡¡may¡¡lose¡¡teh¡¡and¡¡benevolence¡¡remains£»¡¡one¡¡may¡¡forsake¡¡benevolence¡¡and¡¡still¡¡hold¡¡to¡¡righteousness£»¡¡one¡¡may¡¡lose¡¡righteousness¡¡and¡¡propriety¡¡remains¡£
¡¡¡¡Propriety£»¡¡alone£»¡¡reduces¡¡loyalty¡¡and¡¡good¡¡faith¡¡to¡¡a¡¡shadow£»¡¡and¡¡it¡¡is¡¡the¡¡beginning¡¡of¡¡disorder¡£¡¡Tradition¡¡is¡¡the¡¡mere¡¡flower¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Tao¡¡and¡¡had¡¡its¡¡origin¡¡in¡¡ignorance¡£
¡¡¡¡Therefore¡¡the¡¡great¡¡man¡¡of¡¡affairs¡¡conforms¡¡to¡¡the¡¡spirit¡¡and¡¡not¡¡to¡¡external¡¡appearance¡£¡¡He¡¡goes¡¡on¡¡to¡¡fruitage¡¡and¡¡does¡¡not¡¡rest¡¡in¡¡the¡¡show¡¡of¡¡blossom¡£¡¡He¡¡avoids¡¡mere¡¡propriety¡¡and¡¡practices¡¡true¡¡benevolence¡£
¡¡¡¡39
¡¡¡¡THE¡¡ROOT¡¡OF¡¡AUTHORITY
¡¡¡¡It¡¡has¡¡been¡¡said¡¡of¡¡old£»¡¡only¡¡those¡¡who¡¡attain¡¡unity¡¡attain¡¡self¡hood¡£¡¡¡£¡¡¡£¡¡¡£¡¡Heaven¡¡attained¡¡unity¡¡and¡¡thereby¡¡is¡¡space¡£¡¡Earth¡¡attained¡¡unity£»¡¡thereby¡¡it¡¡is¡¡solid¡£¡¡Spirit¡¡attained¡¡unity£»¡¡thereby¡¡it¡¡became¡¡mind¡£¡¡Valleys¡¡attained¡¡unity£»¡¡therefore¡¡rivers¡¡flow¡¡down¡¡them¡£¡¡All¡¡things¡¡have¡¡unity¡¡and¡¡thereby¡¡have¡¡life¡£¡¡Princes¡¡and¡¡kings¡¡as¡¡they¡¡attain¡¡unity¡¡become¡¡standards¡¡of¡¡conduct¡¡for¡¡the¡¡nation¡£¡¡And¡¡the¡¡highest¡¡unity¡¡is¡¡that¡¡which¡¡produces¡¡unity¡£
¡¡¡¡If¡¡heaven¡¡were¡¡not¡¡space¡¡it¡¡might¡¡crack£»¡¡if¡¡earth¡¡were¡¡not¡¡solid¡¡it¡¡might¡¡bend¡£¡¡If¡¡spirits¡¡were¡¡not¡¡unified¡¡into¡¡mind¡¡they¡¡might¡¡vanish£»¡¡if¡¡valleys¡¡were¡¡not¡¡adapted¡¡to¡¡rivers¡¡they¡¡would¡¡be¡¡parched¡£¡¡Everything¡¡if¡¡it¡¡were¡¡not¡¡for¡¡life¡¡would¡¡burn¡¡up¡£¡¡Even¡¡princes¡¡and¡¡kings¡¡if¡¡they¡¡overestimate¡¡themselves¡¡and¡¡cease¡¡to¡¡be¡¡standards¡¡will¡¡presumably¡¡fall¡£
¡¡¡¡Therefore¡¡nobles¡¡find¡¡their¡¡roots¡¡among¡¡the¡¡commoners£»¡¡the¡¡high¡¡is¡¡always¡¡founded¡¡upon¡¡the¡¡low¡£¡¡The¡¡reason¡¡why¡¡princes¡¡and¡¡kings¡¡speak¡¡of¡¡themselves¡¡as¡¡orphans£»¡¡inferiors¡¡and¡¡unworthy£»¡¡is¡¡because¡¡they¡¡recognize¡¡that¡¡their¡¡roots¡¡run¡¡down¡¡to¡¡the¡¡common¡¡life£»¡¡is¡¡it¡¡not¡¡so£¿
¡¡¡¡If¡¡a¡¡carriage¡¡goes¡¡to¡¡pieces¡¡it¡¡is¡¡no¡¡longer¡¡a¡¡carriage£»¡¡its¡¡unity¡¡is¡¡gone¡£¡¡A¡¡true¡¡self¡hood¡¡does¡¡not¡¡desire¡¡to¡¡be¡¡overvalued¡¡as¡¡a¡¡gem£»¡¡nor¡¡to¡¡be¡¡undervalued¡¡as¡¡a¡¡mere¡¡stone¡£
¡¡¡¡40
¡¡¡¡AVOIDING¡¡ACTIVITY
¡¡¡¡Retirement¡¡is¡¡characteristic¡¡of¡¡Tao¡¡just¡¡as¡¡weakness¡¡appears¡¡to¡¡be¡¡a¡¡characteristic¡¡of¡¡its¡¡activity¡£
¡¡¡¡Heaven¡¡and¡¡earth¡¡and¡¡everything¡¡are¡¡produced¡¡from¡¡existence£»¡¡but¡¡existence¡¡comes¡¡from¡¡nonexistence¡£¡¡¡£¡¡¡£¡¡¡£
¡¡¡¡41
¡¡¡¡THE¡¡UNREALITY¡¡OF¡¡APPEARANCE
¡¡¡¡The¡¡superior¡¡scholar¡¡when¡¡he¡¡considers¡¡Tao¡¡earnestly¡¡practices¡¡it£»¡¡an¡¡average¡¡scholar¡¡listening¡¡to¡¡Tao¡¡sometimes¡¡follows¡¡it¡¡and¡¡sometimes¡¡loses¡¡it£»¡¡an¡¡inferior¡¡scholar¡¡listening¡¡to¡¡Tao¡¡ridicules¡¡it¡£¡¡Were¡¡it¡¡not¡¡thus¡¡ridiculed¡¡it¡¡could¡¡not¡¡be¡¡regarded¡¡as¡¡Tao¡£
¡¡¡¡Therefore¡¡the¡¡writer¡¡says£º¡¡Those¡¡who¡¡are¡¡most¡¡illumined¡¡by¡¡Tao¡¡are¡¡the¡¡most¡¡obscure¡£¡¡Those¡¡advanced¡¡in¡¡Tao¡¡are¡¡most¡¡retiring¡£¡¡Those¡¡best¡¡guided¡¡by¡¡Tao¡¡are¡¡the¡¡least¡¡prepossessing¡£
¡¡¡¡The¡¡high¡¡in¡¡virtue¡¡£¨teh£©¡¡resemble¡¡a¡¡lowly¡¡valley£»¡¡the¡¡whitest¡¡are¡¡most¡¡likely¡¡to¡¡be¡¡put¡¡to¡¡shame£»¡¡the¡¡broadest¡¡in¡¡virtue¡¡resemble¡¡the¡¡inefficient¡£¡¡The¡¡most¡¡firmly¡¡established¡¡in¡¡virtue¡¡resemble¡¡the¡¡remiss¡£¡¡The¡¡simplest¡¡chastity¡¡resembles¡¡the¡¡fickle£»¡¡the¡¡greatest¡¡square¡¡has¡¡no¡¡corner£»¡¡the¡¡largest¡¡vessel¡¡is¡¡never¡¡filled¡£¡¡The¡¡greatest¡¡sound¡¡is¡¡void¡¡of¡¡speech£»¡¡the¡¡greatest¡¡form¡¡has¡¡no¡¡shape¡£¡¡Tao¡¡is¡¡obscure¡¡and¡¡without¡¡name£»¡¡and¡¡yet¡¡it¡¡is¡¡precisely¡¡this¡¡Tao¡¡that¡¡alone¡¡can¡¡give¡¡and¡¡complete¡£
¡¡¡¡42
¡¡¡¡THE¡¡TRANSFORMATION¡¡OF¡¡TAO
¡¡¡¡Tao¡¡produces¡¡unity£»¡¡unity¡¡produces¡¡duality£»¡¡duality¡¡produces¡¡trinity£»¡¡trinity¡¡produces¡¡all¡¡things¡£¡¡All¡¡things¡¡bear¡¡the¡¡negative¡¡principle¡¡£¨yin£©¡¡and¡¡embrace¡¡the¡¡positive¡¡principle¡¡£¨yang£©¡£¡¡Immaterial¡¡vitality£»¡¡the¡¡third¡¡principle¡¡£¨chi£©£»¡¡makes¡¡them¡¡harmonious¡£
¡¡¡¡Those¡¡things¡¡which¡¡are¡¡detested¡¡by¡¡the¡¡common¡¡people£»¡¡namely¡¡to¡¡be¡¡called¡¡orphans£»¡¡inferiors£»¡¡and¡¡unworthies£»¡¡are¡¡the¡¡very¡¡things¡¡kings¡¡and¡¡lords¡¡take¡¡for¡¡titles¡£¡¡There¡¡are¡¡some¡¡things¡¡which¡¡it¡¡is¡¡a¡¡gain¡¡to¡¡lose£»¡¡and¡¡a¡¡loss¡¡to¡¡gain¡£
¡¡¡¡I¡¡am¡¡teaching¡¡the¡¡same¡¡things¡¡which¡¡are¡¡taught¡¡by¡¡others¡£¡¡But¡¡the¡¡strong¡¡and¡¡aggressive£º¡¡ones¡¡do¡¡not¡¡obtain¡¡a¡¡natural¡¡death¡¡£¨i¡£e¡££»¡¡self¡confident¡¡teachers¡¡do¡¡not¡¡succeed£©¡£¡¡I¡¡alone¡¡expound¡¡the¡¡basis¡¡of¡¡the¡¡doctrine¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Tao¡£
¡¡¡¡43
¡¡¡¡THE¡¡FUNCTION¡¡OF¡¡THE¡¡UNIVERSAL
¡¡¡¡The¡¡most¡¡tender¡¡things¡¡of¡¡creation¡¡race¡¡over¡¡the¡¡hardest¡£
¡¡¡¡A¡¡non¡material¡¡existence¡¡enters¡¡into¡¡the¡¡most¡¡impenetrable¡£
¡¡¡¡I¡¡therefore¡¡recognize¡¡an¡¡advantage¡¡in¡¡the¡¡doctrine¡¡of¡¡not¡¡doing¡¡£¨wu¡¡wei£©¡¡and¡¡not¡¡speaking¡£¡¡But¡¡there¡¡are¡¡few¡¡in¡¡the¡¡world¡¡who¡¡obtain¡¡the¡¡advantage¡¡of¡¡non¡assertion¡¡£¨wu¡¡wei£©¡¡and¡¡silence¡£
¡¡¡¡44
¡¡¡¡PRECEPTS
¡¡¡¡Which¡¡is¡¡nearer£»¡¡a¡¡name¡¡or¡¡a¡¡person£¿¡¡Which¡¡is¡¡more£»¡¡personality¡¡or¡¡treasure£¿¡¡Is¡¡it¡¡more¡¡painful¡¡to¡¡gain¡¡or¡¡to¡¡suffer¡¡loss£¿
¡¡¡¡Extreme¡¡indulgence¡¡certainly¡¡greatly¡¡wastes¡£¡¡Much¡¡hoarding¡¡certainly¡¡invites¡¡severe¡¡loss¡£
¡¡¡¡A¡¡contented¡¡person¡¡is¡¡not¡¡despised¡£¡¡One¡¡who¡¡knows¡¡when¡¡to¡¡stop¡¡is¡¡not¡¡endangered£»¡¡he¡¡will¡¡be¡¡able¡¡therefore¡¡to¡¡continue¡£
¡¡¡¡45
¡¡¡¡THE¡¡VIRTUE¡¡£¨TEH£©¡¡OF¡¡GREATNESS
¡¡¡¡Extreme¡¡perfection¡¡seems¡¡imperfect£»¡¡its¡¡function¡¡is¡¡not¡¡exhausted¡£¡¡Extreme¡¡fullness¡¡appears¡¡empty£»¡¡its¡¡function¡¡is¡¡not¡¡exercised¡£
¡¡¡¡Extreme¡¡straightness¡¡appears¡¡crooked£»¡¡great¡¡skill£»¡¡clumsy£»¡¡great¡¡eloquence£»¡¡stammering¡£¡¡Motion¡¡conquers¡¡cold£»¡¡quietude¡¡conquers¡¡heat¡£¡¡Not¡¡greatness¡¡but¡¡purity¡¡and¡¡clearness¡¡are¡¡the¡¡world's¡¡standard¡£
¡¡¡¡46
¡¡¡¡LIMITATION¡¡OF¡¡DESIRE
¡¡¡¡When¡¡the¡¡world¡¡yields¡¡to¡¡Tao£»¡¡race¡¡horses¡¡will¡¡be¡¡used¡¡to¡¡haul¡¡manure¡£¡¡When¡¡the¡¡world¡¡ignores¡¡Tao¡¡war¡¡horses¡¡are¡¡pastured¡¡on¡¡the¡¡public¡¡common¡£
¡¡¡¡There¡¡is¡¡no¡¡sin¡¡greater¡¡than¡¡desire¡£¡¡There¡¡is¡¡no¡¡misfortune¡¡greater¡¡than¡¡discontent¡£¡¡There¡¡is¡¡no¡¡calamity¡¡greater¡¡than¡¡acquisitiveness¡£
¡¡¡¡Therefore¡¡to¡¡know¡¡extreme¡¡contentment¡¡is¡¡simply¡¡to¡¡be¡¡content¡£
¡¡¡¡47
¡¡¡¡SEEING¡¡THE¡¡DISTANT
¡¡¡¡Not¡¡going¡¡out¡¡of¡¡the¡¡door¡¡I¡¡have¡¡knowledge¡¡of¡¡the¡¡world¡£¡¡Not¡¡peeping¡¡through¡¡the¡¡window¡¡I¡¡perceive¡¡heaven's¡¡Tao¡£¡¡The¡¡more¡¡one¡¡wanders¡¡to¡¡a¡¡distance¡¡the¡¡less¡¡he¡¡knows¡£
¡¡¡¡Therefore¡¡the¡¡wise¡¡man¡¡does¡¡not¡¡wander¡¡about¡¡but¡¡he¡¡understands£»¡¡he¡¡does¡¡not¡¡see¡¡things¡¡but¡¡he¡¡defines¡¡them£»¡¡he¡¡does¡¡not¡¡labor¡¡yet¡¡he¡¡completes¡£
¡¡¡¡48
¡¡¡¡TO¡¡FORGET¡¡KNOWLEDGE
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¡¡¡¡To¡¡command¡¡the¡¡empire¡¡one¡¡must¡¡not¡¡employ¡¡craft¡£¡¡If¡¡one¡¡uses¡¡craft¡¡he¡¡is¡¡not¡¡fit¡¡to¡¡command¡¡the¡¡empire¡£
¡¡¡¡49
¡¡¡¡THE¡¡VIRTUE¡¡£¨TEH£©¡¡OF¡¡TRUST
¡¡¡¡The¡¡wise¡¡man¡¡has¡¡no¡¡fixed¡¡heart£»¡¡in¡¡the¡¡hearts¡¡of¡¡the¡¡people¡¡he¡¡finds¡¡his¡¡own¡£¡¡The¡¡good¡¡he¡¡treats¡¡with¡¡goodness£»¡¡the¡¡not¡good¡¡he¡¡also¡¡treats¡¡with¡¡goodness£»¡¡for¡¡teh¡¡is¡¡goodness¡£¡¡The¡¡faithful¡¡ones¡¡he¡¡treats¡¡with¡¡good¡¡faith£»¡¡the¡¡unfaithful¡¡he¡¡also¡¡treats¡¡with¡¡good¡¡faith£»¡¡for¡¡teh¡¡is¡¡good¡¡faith¡£
¡¡¡¡The¡¡wise¡¡man¡¡lives¡¡in¡¡the¡¡world¡¡but¡¡he¡¡lives¡¡cautiously£»¡¡dealing¡¡with¡¡the¡¡world¡¡cautiously¡£¡¡He¡¡universalizes¡¡his¡¡heart£»¡¡the¡¡people¡¡give¡¡him¡¡their¡¡eyes¡¡and¡¡ears£»¡¡but¡¡he¡¡treats¡¡them¡¡as¡¡his¡¡children¡£
¡¡¡¡50
¡¡¡¡ESTEEM¡¡LIFE
¡¡¡¡Life¡¡is¡¡a¡¡going¡¡forth£»¡¡death¡¡is¡¡a¡¡returning¡¡home¡£¡¡Of¡¡ten£»¡¡three¡¡are¡¡seeking¡¡life£»¡¡three¡¡are¡¡seeking¡¡death£»¡¡and¡¡three¡¡are¡¡dying¡£¡¡What¡¡is¡¡the¡¡reason£¿¡¡Because¡¡they¡¡live¡¡in¡¡life's¡¡experience¡£¡¡£¨Only¡¡one¡¡is¡¡immortal¡££©
¡¡¡¡I¡¡hear¡¡it¡¡said¡¡that¡¡the¡¡sage¡¡when¡¡he¡¡travels¡¡is¡¡never¡¡attacked¡¡by¡¡rhinoceros¡¡or¡¡tiger£»¡¡and¡¡when¡¡coming¡¡among¡¡soldiers¡¡does¡¡not¡¡fear¡¡their¡¡weapons¡£¡¡The¡¡rhinoceros¡¡would¡¡find¡¡no¡¡place¡¡to¡¡horn¡¡him£»¡¡nor¡¡the¡¡tiger¡¡a¡¡place¡¡for¡¡his¡¡claws£»¡¡nor¡¡could¡¡soldiers¡¡wound¡¡him¡£¡¡What¡¡is¡¡the¡¡reason£¿¡¡Because¡¡he¡¡is¡¡invulnerable¡£
¡¡¡¡51
¡¡¡¡TEH¡¡AS¡¡A¡¡NURSE
¡¡¡¡Tao¡¡gives¡¡life¡¡to¡¡all¡¡creatures£»¡¡teh¡¡feeds¡¡them£»¡¡materiality¡¡shapes¡¡them£»¡¡energy¡¡completes¡¡them¡£¡¡p¡£¡¡37¡¡Therefore¡¡among¡¡all¡¡things¡¡there¡¡is¡¡none¡¡that¡¡does¡¡not¡¡honor¡¡Tao¡¡and¡¡esteem¡¡teh¡£¡¡Honor¡¡for¡¡Tao¡¡and¡¡esteem¡¡for¡¡teh¡¡is¡¡never¡¡compelled£»¡¡it¡¡is¡¡always¡¡spontaneous¡£¡¡Therefore¡¡Tao¡¡gives¡¡life¡¡to¡¡them£»¡¡but¡¡teh¡¡nurses¡¡them£»¡¡raises¡¡them£»¡¡nurtures£»¡¡completes£»¡¡matures£»¡¡rears£»¡¡protects¡¡them¡£
¡¡¡¡Tao¡¡gives¡¡life¡¡to¡¡them¡¡but¡¡makes¡¡no¡¡claim¡¡of¡¡ownership£»¡¡teh¡¡forms¡¡them¡¡but¡¡makes¡¡no¡¡claim¡¡upon¡¡them£»¡¡raises¡¡them¡¡but¡¡does¡¡not¡¡rule¡¡them¡£¡¡This¡¡is¡¡profound¡¡vitality¡¡£¨teh£©¡£
¡¡¡¡52
¡¡¡¡RETURN¡¡TO¡¡ORIGIN
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¡¡¡¡He¡¡who¡¡closes¡¡his¡¡mouth¡¡and¡¡shuts¡¡his¡¡sense¡¡gates¡¡will¡¡be¡¡free¡¡from¡¡trouble¡¡to¡¡the¡¡end¡¡of¡¡life¡£¡¡He¡¡who¡¡opens¡¡his¡¡mouth¡¡and¡¡meddles¡¡with¡¡affairs¡¡cannot¡¡be¡¡free¡¡from¡¡trouble¡¡even¡¡to¡¡the¡¡end¡¡of¡¡life¡£
¡¡¡¡To¡¡recognize¡¡one's¡¡insignificance¡¡is¡¡called¡¡enlightenment¡£¡¡To¡¡keep¡¡one's¡¡sympathy¡¡is¡¡called¡¡strength¡£¡¡He¡¡who¡¡uses¡¡Tao's¡¡light¡¡returns¡¡to¡¡Tao's¡¡enlightenment¡¡and¡¡does¡¡not¡¡surrender¡¡his¡¡person¡¡to¡¡perdition¡£¡¡This¡¡is¡¡called¡¡practicing¡¡the¡¡eternal¡£
¡¡¡¡53
¡¡¡¡GAIN¡¡BY¡¡INSIGHT
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¡¡¡¡54
¡¡¡¡TO¡¡CULTIVATE¡¡INTUITION
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