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04道德经英译本85种-第164部分

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  This is how wise ones know themselves
  Without displaying themselves
  Love themselves
  Without venerating themselves
  And so dismiss That to choose This

  73

  Courage atop presumption suggests dying
  Courage in avoiding presumption suggests survival
  (Yet) either of these may be sometimes beneficial;
  other times harmful
  That which heaven holds in contempt …
  Who knows as to the reasons?
  This is why wise ones watch for things to get complicated
  Heaven抯 way does not compete; yet skillfully overcomes
  Does not speak; yet skillfully replies
  Does not summon; yet naturally attracts
  Is above all of this; yet skillfully arranges
  Heaven抯 net is vast & encompassing
  Loosely meshed; and yet nothing escapes

  74

  (If) the people do not fear death
  Then why use death to intimidate them?
  Suppose it were so that the people always feared death
  And still they behaved perversely
  (When) we seized; detained and executed them
  Who would be bold?
  There will always be a master executioner to do the killing
  Now to take the place of the master executioner
  & do the killing
  May be likened to taking the place of the master carpenter
  in hewing
  Now (of) those who take the place of the master carpenter
  in hewing
  Few indeed will not harm their own hands!

  75

  The hunger of the people
  Is from their superiors eating up so much of their tax grain
  This is behind the hunger
  The difficulties in governing the people
  Are due to their superiors having to take action
  This is behind the difficulties in government
  The people come to take death lightly
  Because they pursue life抯 riches
  This is behind their taking death lightly
  Only when one does not think life a performance
  Will there be skill in valuing life

  76

  People; while they live; are adaptable & soft
  When they are dead; are hard & stiff
  The myriad beings; the plants and the trees;
  while they live; are supple & delicate
  When they are dead; are weathered & tough
  And so the hard & inflexible are companions to death
  The adaptable & soft are companions to life
  This is why the unbending military will not;
  in due course; be triumphant
  The rigid tree is then struck down
  The strong & great belong underneath
  The adaptable & soft belong above

  77

  Heaven has its path
  Compare it to the drawing of a bow
  What is high comes to be lowered
  What is lowly comes to be raised
  What has abundance will be diminished
  What is incomplete will be added to
  Heaven抯 way decreases where there is surplus
  And adds to what is insufficient
  Humanity抯 path is normally not like this;
  Decreasing what is not enough
  in order to give to what is excessive
  Who can claim an abundance
  in order to offer to nature?
  Only those who keep the way
  This is why wise ones develop but do not expect
  Accomplish works but do not linger
  They have no ambition to show merit

  78

  (In all) the world there is nothing
  as adaptable & soft as water
  Yet of that which attacks the hard & inflexible
  Nothing can surpass it
  Because there is no way easier than this
  The gentle finally overcomes the firm
  The adaptable finally overcomes the persistent
  There is no one under heaven
  who cannot comprehend (this)
  (But) no one can practice (it)
  So it is that wise ones maintain:
  To accept the country抯 soil
  May in truth be called mastering the altars of place & grain
  To accept the realm抯 misfortunes
  Is in truth to serve as sovereign to the world
  Straightforward words may seem turned around

  79

  (When) reconciling a great grievance
  There will surely be lingering resentments
  (And) how can this be regarded as good?
  This is why wise ones will post the greater bond
  And will not press upon others
  To have character is to look after obligations
  To lack character is to look for entitlements
  Heaven抯 way has no favorites
  But usually sides with the right person

  80

  Shrink the domain; spread out the people
  Let there be tens & hundreds of people with specialties
  But unemployed
  Let the people feel the weight of death
  And not wander far
  Though there be boats & wagons
  No place to ride them
  Though there be armor & weapons
  No reason to show them
  Let the people return to knotting cords
  And counting on these
  (To) sweetening their own food
  Embroidering their own clothing
  Secure in their own homes
  Rejoicing in their own customs
  Neighboring realms overlook one another
  The sounds of each other抯 roosters and dogs are heard
  (Yet) the people grow old & die
  Without goings & comings between them

  81

  True words are not embellished
  Embellished words are not truthful
  To be right is not to be argumentative
  To be argumentative is not to be right
  To be knowing is not to be sophisticated
  To be sophisticated is not to be knowing
  Wise ones do not accumulate
  Though intending to act on behalf of another
  The more they themselves have gained
  Though intending to give to another
  The more they themselves are increased
  Heaven抯 way is to benefit; but without doing harm
  The wise ones?way is to work; but without competition  




 

  
English_Heider_TTK
  Das Tao Te King von Lao Tse
  English by
  John Heider; 1985

  1

  Tao means how: how things happen; how things work。 Tao is the single principle underlying all creation。 Tao is God。
  Tao cannot be defined; because it applies to everything。 You cannot define something in terms of itself。
  If you can define a principle; it is not Tao。
  Tao is a principle。 Creation; on the other hand; is a process。 That is all there is: principle and process; how and what。
  All creation unfolds according to Tao。 There is no other way。
  Tao cannot be defined; but Tao can be known。 The method is meditation; or being aware of what is happening。 Being aware of what is happening; I begin to see how it is happening。 I begin to sense Tao。
  To become aware of what is happening; I must pay attention with an open mind。 I must set aside my personal prejudices of bias。 Prejudiced people see only what fits those prejudices。
  The method of meditation works; because principle and process are inseparable。 All process reveals the underlying principle。 This means that I can know Tao。 I can know God。
  By knowing Tao; I know how things happen。

  2

  All behaviour consists of opposites or polarities。 If I do anything more and more; over and over; its polarity will appear。 For example; striving to be beautiful makes a person ugly; and trying too hard to be kind is a form of selfishness。
  Any over…determined behaviour produces its opposite:
  … An obsession with living suggests worry about dying。
  … True simplicity is not easy。
  … Is it a long time or a short time since we last met?
  … The braggart probably feels small and insecure。
  … Who would be first ends up last。
  Knowing how polarities work; the wise leader does not push to make things happen; but allows process to unfold on its own。
  The leader teaches by example rather than by lecturing others on how they ought to be。
  The leader knows that constant interventions will block the group's process。 The leader does not insist that things come out a certain way。
  The wise leader does not seek a lot of money or a lot of praise。 Nevertheless; there is plenty of both。

  3

  The wise leader does not make a show of holiness or pass out grades for good performance。 That would create a climate of success and failure。 Competition and jealousy follow。
  Emphasizing material success is the same: those who have a lot become greedy; and those who have little become thieves。
  When you reinforce appearances; people scramble to please。
  The wise leader pays respectful attention to all behaviour。 Thus the group becomes open to more and more possibilities of behaviour。 People learn a great deal when they are open to everything and not just figuring out what pleases the teacher。
  The leader shows that style is no substitute for substance; that knowing certain facts is not more powerful than simple wisdom; that creating an impression is not more potent than acting from one's center。
  The students learn that effective action arises out of silence and a clear sense of being。 In this they find a source of peace。 They discover that the person who is down…to…earth can do what needs doing more effectively than the person who is merely busy。

  4

  Dig as deep as you will; you will never come to a thing called Tao or God。 Tao is not a thing。 Tao is a principle or law。 Tao means how。
  All things behave according to Tao; but Tao does not behave。 Tao is never an object or a process。
  Tao is the law of all things; of all events。 Tao is the common ground of all creation。
  Creation consists of things and events。 All things and events are vibratory。 Vibration consists of opposites or polarities。 Polarities may cooperate with one another; or they may conflict to varying degrees。
  All things and events; whether they are cooperative or conflicting; harmonious or turbulent; take their form and become resolved in accordance with Tao。
  But Tao is not a vibratory event。 Tao is not; for example; a sound。 Tao has no opposites or polarities。 Tao is one; Tao is unity。
  As far as I know; nothing comes before Tao。 Nothing made Tao。 Nothing created God。

  5

  Natural law is blind; its justice evenhanded。 The consequences of one's behaviour are inescapable。 Being human is no excuse。
  The wise leader does not try to protect people from themselves。 The light of awareness shines equally on what is pleasant and what is not pleasant。
  People are not better than the rest of creation。 The same principle which underlies human beings underlies everything equally。
  Neith
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