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04道德经英译本85种-第234部分
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n all under heaven。
49
The sage has no invariable mind of his own； he makes the mind of the people his mind。
To those who are good （to me）； I am good； and to those who are not good （to me）； I am also good；and thus （all） get to be good。 To those who are sincere （with me）； I am sincere； and to those who are not sincere （with me）； I am also sincere；and thus （all） get to be sincere。
The sage has in the world an appearance of indecision； and keeps his mind in a state of indifference to all。 The people all keep their eyes and ears directed to him； and he deals with them all as his children。
50
Men come forth and live； they enter （again） and die。 Of every ten three are ministers of life （to themselves）； and three are ministers of death。
There are also three in every ten whose aim is to live； but whose movements tend to the land （or place） of death。 And for what reason？ Because of their excessive endeavours to perpetuate life。
But I have heard that he who is skilful in managing the life entrusted to him for a time travels on the land without having to shun rhinoceros or tiger； and enters a host without having to avoid buff coat or sharp weapon。 The rhinoceros finds no place in him into which to thrust its horn； nor the tiger a place in which to fix its claws； nor the weapon a place to admit its point。 And for what reason？ Because there is in him no place of death。
51
All things are produced by the Tao； and nourished by its outflowing operation。 They receive their forms according to the nature of each； and are completed according to the circumstances of their condition。 Therefore all things without exception honour the Tao； and exalt its outflowing operation。
This honouring of the Tao and exalting of its operation is not the result of any ordination； but always a spontaneous tribute。
Thus it is that the Tao produces （all things）； nourishes them； brings them to their full growth； nurses them； completes them； matures them； maintains them； and overspreads them。
It produces them and makes no claim to the possession of them； it carries them through their processes and does not vaunt its ability in doing so； it brings them to maturity and exercises no control over them；this is called its mysterious operation。
52
（The Tao） which originated all under the sky is to be considered as the mother of them all。
When the mother is found； we know what her children should be。 When one knows that he is his mother's child； and proceeds to guard （the qualities of） the mother that belong to him； to the end of his life he will be free from all peril。
Let him keep his mouth closed； and shut up the portals （of his nostrils）； and all his life he will be exempt from laborious exertion。 Let him keep his mouth open； and （spend his breath） in the promotion of his affairs； and all his life there will be no safety for him。
The perception of what is small is （the secret of clear…sightedness； the guarding of what is soft and tender is （the secret of） strength。
Who uses well his light； Reverting to its （source so） bright； Will from his body ward all blight； And hides the unchanging from men's sight。
53
If I were suddenly to become known； and （put into a position to） conduct （a government） according to the Great Tao； what I should be most afraid of would be a boastful display。
The great Tao （or way） is very level and easy； but people love the by…ways。
Their court（…yards and buildings） shall be well kept； but their fields shall be ill…cultivated； and their granaries very empty。 They shall wear elegant and ornamented robes； carry a sharp sword at their girdle； pamper themselves in eating and drinking； and have a superabundance of property and wealth；such （princes） may be called robbers and boasters。 This is contrary to the Tao surely！
54
What （Tao's） skilful planter plants
Can never be uptorn；
What his skilful arms enfold；
From him can ne'er be borne。
Sons shall bring in lengthening line；
Sacrifices to his shrine。
Tao when nursed within one's self；
His vigour will make true；
And where the family it rules
What riches will accrue！
The neighbourhood where it prevails
In thriving will abound；
And when 'tis seen throughout the state；
Good fortune will be found。
Employ it the kingdom o'er；
And men thrive all around。
In this way the effect will be seen in the person； by the observation of different cases； in the family； in the neighbourhood； in the state； and in the kingdom。
How do I know that this effect is sure to hold thus all under the sky？ By this （method of observation）。
55
He who has in himself abundantly the attributes （of the Tao） is like an infant。 Poisonous insects will not sting him； fierce beasts will not seize him； birds of prey will not strike him。
（The infant's） bones are weak and its sinews soft； but yet its grasp is firm。 It knows not yet the union of male and female； and yet its virile member may be excited；showing the perfection of its physical essence。 All day long it will cry without its throat becoming hoarse；showing the harmony （in its constitution）。
To him by whom this harmony is known； （The secret of） the unchanging （Tao） is shown； And in the knowledge wisdom finds its throne。 All life…increasing arts to evil turn； Where the mind makes the vital breath to burn； （False） is the strength； （and o'er it we should mourn。）
When things have become strong； they （then） become old； which may be said to be contrary to the Tao。 Whatever is contrary to the Tao soon ends。
56
He who knows （the Tao） does not （care to） speak （about it）； he who is （ever ready to） speak about it does not know it。
He （who knows it） will keep his mouth shut and close the portals （of his nostrils）。 He will blunt his sharp points and unravel the complications of things； he will attemper his brightness； and bring himself into agreement with the obscurity （of others）。 This is called 'the Mysterious Agreement。'
（Such an one） cannot be treated familiarly or distantly； he is beyond all consideration of profit or injury； of nobility or meanness：he is the noblest man under heaven。
57
A state may be ruled by （measures of） correction； weapons of war may be used with crafty dexterity； （but） the kingdom is made one's own （only） by freedom from action and purpose。
How do I know that it is so？ By these facts：In the kingdom the multiplication of prohibitive enactments increases the poverty of the people； the more implements to add to their profit that the people have； the greater disorder is there in the state and clan； the more acts of crafty dexterity that men possess； the more do strange contrivances appear； the more display there is of legislation； the more thieves and robbers there are。
Therefore a sage has said； 'I will do nothing （of purpose）； and the people will be transformed of themselves； I will be fond of keeping still； and the people will of themselves become correct。 I will take no trouble about it； and the people will of themselves become rich； I will manifest no ambition； and the people will of themselves attain to the primitive simplicity。'
58
The government that seems the most unwise；
Oft goodness to the people best supplies；
That which is meddling； touching everything；
Will work but ill； and disappointment bring。
Misery！happiness is to be found by its side！ Happiness！misery lurks beneath it！ Who knows what either will come to in the end？
Shall we then dispense with correction？ The （method of） correction shall by a turn become distortion； and the good in it shall by a turn become evil。 The delusion of the people （on this point） has indeed subsisted for a long time。
Therefore the sage is （like） a square which cuts no one （with its angles）； （like） a corner which injures no one （with its sharpness）。 He is straightforward； but allows himself no license； he is bright； but does not dazzle。
59
For regulating the human （in our constitution） and rendering the （proper） service to the heavenly； there is nothing like moderation。
It is only by this moderation that there is effected an early return （to man's normal state）。 That early return is what I call the repeated accumulation of the attributes （of the Tao）。 With that repeated accumulation of those attributes； there comes the subjugation （of every obstacle to such return）。 Of this subjugation we know not what shall be the limit； and when one knows not what the limit shall be； he may be the ruler of a state。
He who possesses the mother of the state may continue long。 His case is like that （of the plant） of which we say that its roots are deep and its flower stalks firm：this is the way to secure that its enduring life shall long be seen。
60
Governing a great state is like cooking small fish。
Let the kingdom be governed according to the Tao； and the manes of the departed will not manifest their spiritual energy。 It is not that those manes have not that spiritual energy； but it will not be employed to hurt men。 It is not that it could not hurt men； but neither does the ruling sage hurt them。
When these two do not injuriously affect each other； their good influences converge in the virtue （of the Tao）。
61
What makes a great state is its being （like） a low…lying； down… flowing （stream）；it becomes the centre to which tend （all the small states） under heaven。
（To illustrate from） the case of all females：the female always overcomes the male by her stillness。 Stillness may be considered （a sort of） abasement。
Thus it is that a great state； by condescending to small states； gains them for itself； and that small states； by abasing themselves to a great state； win it over to them。 In the one case the abasement leads to gaining adherents； in the other case to procuring favour。
The great state only wishes to unite men together and nourish them； a small state only wishes to be received by； and to serve； the other。 Each gets what it desires； but the great state must learn to abase itself。
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