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04道德经英译本85种-第293部分
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Timid ?as though fearful of their neighbours。
Grave ?as if they were guests。
Elusive ?like ice about to melt。
Simple ?like raw material。
Expansive ?like the space between hills。
Turbid ?like muddy water。
Who can still the turbid and make it gradually clear; or quiet the active so that by degrees it shall become productive? Only he who keeps this Tao; without desiring fullness。 If one is not full it is possible to be antiquated and not newly fashioned。
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Abstraction complete; quiescence maintained unalloyed; the various forms rise with one accord; and I observe that each returns again。 All things thrive and increase; then each returns again to the root。 This return to the root is called 搒tillness;?or it may be described as a return to report that they have fulfilled
their destiny。 This report is called 搕he unchanging rule。?br》 Knowledge of this unchanging rule is called 搃llumination。?Those who are ignorant of it give way to abandon and to recklessness。
Knowledge of this unchanging rule leads to toleration。
Toleration leads to comprehension。
Comprehension leads to sovereignty。
Sovereignty leads to heavenlikeness。
Heaven…likeness leads to Tao。
Tao leads to continuity。
Though the body be no more; there is no danger。
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First the supreme。 Then a sense of separateness。 Next preferences and eulogies。 Lastly; fear。 Then scorn。
Hence it is plain that lack of sincerity has its origins in superficial faith。
Cautious! They valued their words; accomplished their purposes; settled their affairs; and the people all said: 揥e are spontaneous。?br》
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The great Tao faded and there was benevolence and righteousness。 Worldly wisdom and shrewdness appeared and there was much dissembling。
The family relationships no longer harmonious; there was filial piety and paternal love。
The state and the clans in anarchy; there was loyalty and faithfulness。
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Abandon knowledge; discard wisdom ?the people will gain a hundred fold。
Abandon the humanities; discard righteousness ?the people will return to filial love。
Abandon cleverness; discard gain ?robbers and thieves will be no more。
These three; being considered not sufficiently aesthetic; therefore many other devices were added。
Better observe simplicity; encourage primitiveness; lessen the number of private projects; and moderate desire。
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Scholarship abandoned; sorrow vanishes。
Yes and yea; are they not almost alike?
Goodness and evil; are they not akin?
Untrammeled and without limits ?yet that may not be lightly esteemed which all men reverence。
The multitude are joyful and merry ?as though feasting on a day of sacrifice; or ascending a high tower in spring。 I alone am anchored without giving any sign ?like an infant; undeveloped。
My homeless heart wanders among the things of sense; as if it had nowhere to stay。
The multitude have enough and to spare ?I alone am as one who has lost something。
Have I then the mind of a fool? Am I so very confused?
Ordinary men are bright enough。 I alone am dull。
Ordinary men are full of excitement。 I alone am heavy…hearted。
Boundless as the sea; drifting to and fro; as if without a place to rest。
All men have some purpose。 I alone am thick…headed as a boor。
I am alone ?differing from others; in that I reverence and seek the Nursing Mother。
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The comprehensiveness of supreme energy is its conformity to the Tao。
The Tao considered as an entity is impalpable; indefinite。 Indefinite; impalpable; within are concretions。
Impalpable; indefinite; within are shapes。 Profound; obscure; within there is essence。 This essence being supremely real; within is sincerity。
From the beginning until now it has not changed; and thus it has watched all the essentials。 How do I know it has been thus will all principles? By what has just been said。
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To be crooked is to be perfected; to be bent is to be straightened; to be lowly is to be filled; to be senile is to be renewed; to be diminished is to be able to receive; to be increased is to be deluded。
Therefore the Holy Man embraces unity; and becomes the world抯 model。
He is not self…regarding; therefore he is cognizant。
He is not egotistic; therefore he is distinguished。
He is not boastful; therefore he has merit。
He is not conceited; therefore he is superior。
Inasmuch as he strives with none; there are none in the world able to strive with him。
That ancient maxim ?慣o be crooked is to become perfected??was it an idle word? Verily; it includes the whole。
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Few words are natural。
A whirlwind does not outlast the morning; a deluge does not outlast the day。 Who produces these? The Heaven…Earth。 If the Heaven…Earth cannot produce lasting phenomena; how much less can man?
Wherefore settling everything in accordance with the Tao; embodying the Tao they become identified with the Tao。 Embodying its virtue; they become identified with virtue。 Embodying loss; they become identified with loss。
Identified with Tao; they joyfully accept the Tao; identified with virtue; they joyfully accept virtue; identified with loss; they joyfully accept loss。
If sincerity is lacking it is because of superficial faith。
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Who tiptoes; totters。 Who straddles; stumbles。 The self…regarding cannot cognize; the egotistic are not distinguished; the boastful are not meritorious; the self…conceited cannot excel。 Such from the standpoint of the Tao are like remnants of food; or parasites; which all things probably detest。 Hence; those who possess the Tao are not so。
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There was a completed; amorphous something before the Heaven…Earth was born。 Tranquil! Boundless!
Abiding alone and changing not! Extending everywhere without risk。 It may be styled 搕he world…mother。?br》 I do not know its name; but characterize it ?tae Tao。 Arbitrarily forcing a name upon it I call it the Great。
Great; it may be said to be transitory。 Transitory; it become remote。 Remote; it returns。
The Tao; then; is great; Heaven is great; Earth is Great; a king is also great。 In space there are four that are great; and the king dwells there as one of them。
Man抯 standard is the earth。 Earth抯 standard is the Heaven。 Heaven抯 standard is the Tao。 The Tao抯 standard is spontaneity。
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Lightness has its roots in heaviness。 Restlessness has a master in stillness。 Therefore; the Holy Man travels all day without leaving the baggage wagon。 Surrounded by sensuous enjoyments he remains peaceful and free。
How; then; can the Lord of ten thousand chariots regard his personality as of less importance than his royal trust? By levity he will lose his ministers; by restlessness he will lose his throne。
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Good doers leave no tracks。 True words have no defects。 Skillful plans require no calculations。 Able closers need no locks and bars; yet none can open what they shut。 Real strength wants no cords; yet none can loose it。
It follows that the Holy Man when helping others; works in accordance with the unchanging goodness。
Hence; he rejects none。 He does the same when helping nature to develop。 Therefore; he rejects nothing。
This may be called 搊bscure perception。?br》 Thus a Good Man is the bad man抯 instructor; the bad man the Good Man抯 material。 Yet he does not esteem himself a teacher; nor does he love his material。
Although one may be wise; here he is deceived。
This is called 揟he Cardinal Mystery。?br》
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One conscious of virility; maintaining muliebrity; is a world…channel。 From a world…channel the unchanging energy never departs。 This is to revert to the state of infancy。
One conscious of brightness; placid in shade; is a world…model。 In a world…model the unchanging energy remains undiminished。 This is to revert to the unlimited。
One conscious of merit; content in disgrace; is a world…valley。 In a world…valley the unchanging energy is sufficient。 This is to revert to simplicity。
Simplicity scattered becomes capacity; and in the hands of the Holy Man; administrators。
Thus the Supreme Mandate may not be sundered。
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I perceive that no desire can succeed which has as its objective the moulding of the state。 The state possesses a divine capacity; which cannot be moulded。
To make is to mar; to grasp is to lose。
Thus in nature some things lead; others follow; some inspire; others expire; some are strong; some are weak; some survive; others succumb; hence; the Holy Man renounces excess; extravagance; exaltation。
30
When one uses the Tao in assisting his sovereign; he will not employ arms to coerce the state。 Such methods easily react。
When military camps are established。 Briers and thorns flourish。 When great armies have moved through the land calamities are sure to follow。
The capable are determined; but no more。 They will not venture to compel; determined; but not conceited; determined; but not boastful; determined; but not arrogant; determined because it cannot be helped; determined; but not forceful。
When things reach their prime; they begin to age。 This cannot be said to be the Tao。 What is Not the Tao soon ends。
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The magnificence of the army cannot make it an auspicious weapon。 It is possible that even inanimate Nature detests it。 Hence; one who possesses Tao has nothing to do with it。
The Master Thinker (the Sage) when at home honours the left。 When leading troops he honours the right。
Soldiers are instruments of ill omen。 They are not agents for a Master Thinker。 Only when inevitable will he employ them。 What he most prizes is quiet and peace He will not praise a victory。 To do so would show delight in the slaughter of men。 As for those who delight in the slaughter of men; the world is too small for the gratification of their desires。
When affairs are felicitous the left is honoured; but when they are inauspicious the right is honoured。 The Second Officer is placed on the left; but the Commander…in…Chief is placed on the right。 That is to say; his position is as i
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