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04道德经英译本85种-第347部分
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He does not make a great show; therefore he shines out。
He does not try to justify himself; and so he is distinguished。
He does not boast; so receives merit。
He is not arrogant; and so endures。
Because he does not compete; no one under Heaven can compete with him。
When the ancients said; 慪ield and be preserved;?was that an empty saying?
Attain completeness; and all things will come to you。
23
To speak little is natural。
A high wind will not last all morning;
And a sudden downpour will not last all day。
And why is this?
Heaven and Earth have made it so。
If Heaven and Earth cannot make things which last forever;
How much less is it possible for man?
Therefore those who follow the Tao will be at one with the Tao。
Those who exercise Virtue will be at one with Virtue。
Those who lose them will be at one with their loss。
At one with the Tao; Tao welcomes you。
At one with Virtue; Virtue welcomes you。
At one with your loss; loss welcomes you。
Those who do not trust others
Will not themselves be trusted。
24
Those who stand on tiptoe are not steady。
Those who stride out ahead will soon fall behind。
Those who make a big show are far from enlightenment。
Those who think they can never be wrong are not respected。
Those who justify themselves have no merit。
Those who boast will not last long。
To followers of the Tao; such actions are excessive; like eating too much。
They are disliked by all things;
And therefore followers of the Tao do not seek refuge in them。
25
There is something formless yet complete
Which existed before Heaven and Earth。
Silent and fathomless;
Alone and unchanging;
Inexhaustible and pervading everywhere;
It may be thought of as the Mother of all under Heaven。
I do not know its name; I shall call it Tao。
If pressed for a description; I would call it Great。
Being great is to go ever…onward。
Going ever…onward is to reach everywhere。
Reaching everywhere is to return。
Therefore Tao is great;
Heaven is great;
Earth is great;
The King is also great。
The universe contains four great things;
And one of them is the King。
Man follows Earth;
Earth follows Heaven;
Heaven follows Tao;
And Tao follows what is naturally so。
26
Seriousness is the basis of levity。
Stillness is the master of restlessness。
Therefore the sage; travelling all day;
Does not lose sight of his baggage…wagon。
Though there are magnificent sights to be seen; he remains calm and detached。
Why would it be that the ruler of ten thousand chariots would act lightly in public?
To be light…hearted is to lose one抯 foundation。
To be restless is to lose control。
27
A good traveller leaves no tracks。
A good speaker cannot be refuted。
A good reckoner needs no abacus。
A good door needs neither lock nor bolt;
Yet it cannot be opened。
A good binding needs neither rope nor knots;
Yet it cannot be untied。
Therefore the Sage excels in taking care of everyone;
And no one is forgotten。
He excels in finding a use for everything;
Hence nothing is rejected。
This is called practising enlightenment。
Therefore the good man is the teacher of the bad;
And the bad man is the material upon which the good man works。
He who does not value the teacher
And cherish the subject…matter;
Regardless of his learning; has gone astray。
This is called the ultimate mystery。
28
He who knows the masculine and keeps to the feminine
Will be the river of the world。?br》 Being the river of the world
He will never be separated from eternal Virtue;?br》 Becoming once again a little child。
He who knows the white and keeps to the black
Will be an example for the whole world。
Being an example for the whole world
He will never stray from eternal Virtue;
And he will return to the infinite。
He who knows honour and keeps to the humble
Will be the valley of the world。
Being the valley of the world
He will be content with eternal Virtue;
And become like an uncarved block。?br》
When the block is carved; it is made into useful things。
And when the Sage makes use of them; he becomes the ruler。
It is the best carver who does the least cutting。
1。 i。e。 as all moisture flows to the main river; so all the people will come to the Sage to be enlightened。
2。 i。e。 he will be in accord with the Tao; in accord with the way things are naturally meant to be。
3。 i。e。 the most simple of things; uninfluenced by conscious actions。
29
Would it be possible to take charge of the world and make it better than it is?
I do not believe that such a thing is possible。
Since the world is sacred
No improvements can be made。
If you try to change it; you will spoil it。
If you try to grasp it; you will lose it。
So; there are times
for forging ahead; and for staying behind;
for keeping silent; and for speaking aloud。
Some are strong; while others are weak;
Some rejoice; while others lament。
This is why the Sage avoids excess; extremes; and extravagance。
30
He who advises the ruler in the Way of Tao
Advises against the use of military force to conquer the world。
Adopting force will invite resistance。
Where armies camp; brambles and thorns grow。
Years of bad harvests come after a great war。
A good ruler does what is needed; then stops;
Never daring to conquer the world。
So do what is needed without bragging。
Do what is needed without boasting。
Do what is needed without being arrogant。
Do what is needed; but only when there is no other way。
Do what is needed without using violence。
Use of violence is followed by defeat。
Such action is contrary to Tao;
And what is contrary to Tao soon comes to an early end。
31
Fine weapons are the instruments of evil; hateful to all。
So those with Tao spurn them。
Men of peace favour the left;
Men of war favour the right。
Weapons are the tools of misfortune;
They are not the choice of the wise man;
Who uses them only when there is no other way;
And even then; he acts with calm restraint;
And victory is no occasion for rejoicing。
To rejoice in victory is to delight in killing。
Those who enjoy slaughter cannot find fulfilment in the world。
Auspicious occasions honour the left…hand place;
Inauspicious occasions honour the right…hand place。?br》 The second…in…command stands on the left;
Whilst the commander…in…chief stands on the right;
Arranged as they would be at rites of mourning。
When so many have been slaughtered;
Let us mourn with tears of sorrow;
And treat victory like a funeral。
1。 The left…hand side is considered the honourable side; and the right…hand side is considered the less honour璦ble。 (See Maurer 1986; 93)
32
Tao is eternally nameless。
Although; as an uncarved block;?it is small;
None under Heaven can subjugate it。
If kings and lords could take possession of it;
Of their own accord the Ten Thousand Things would pay them homage。
Heaven and Earth would come together;
And sweet rain fall。
Peace and order would spread among the people
Without its being decreed。
When the block is cut; the parts need names。
Are there not already enough names?
One should know when to stop。
Knowing when to stop; one avoids all danger。
Tao in the world is like a river flowing to the sea。
1。 i。e。 as a very simple; undifferentiated thing。
33
He who knows others is wise;
He who knows himself is enlightened。
Conquering others requires force;
Conquering oneself requires strength。
He who is content is rich。
To act with perseverance requires will…power。
He who stays where he is; endures。
To die but not be forgotten is to enjoy long life。
34
The great Tao flows everywhere;
Going to the left and to the right。
The Ten Thousand Things depend upon it for life;
It denies itself to none of them;
Accomplishing its task
But claiming no credit。
It clothes and feeds the Ten Thousand Things;
Yet does not claim to be their master。
Forever without desire; it may be called small。
The Ten Thousand Things return to it;
Yet it does not claim possession over them:
Thus it may be called great。
Because it never strives for greatness;
It thereby accomplishes greatness。
35
To he who holds the great image;
The whole world will come。
They will come and meet with no harm;
Finding safety; tranquillity and comfort。
Music and food will induce the passer…by to stop;
But when the Tao is spoken of in words; it seems bland and tasteless。
Looked for; it cannot be seen。
Listened for; it cannot be heard。
Use it; and it can never be exhausted。
36
Whatever shrinks
Must first have expanded。
Whatever becomes weak
Must first have been strong。
That which is to be destroyed
Must first have flourished。
In order to receive;
One must first give。
This is called seeing the nature of things。
The soft overcomes the hard; and the weak overcomes the strong。
As fish cannot be taken from the water;
So a ruler should not reveal to the people his means of government。
37
The Tao never acts;
Yet nothing is left undone。
If the ruler were able to hold to it;
The Ten Thousand Things would take shape of their own accord。
If in taking shape desire should arise;
He would quell it by means of the nameless simplicity。
With the nameless simplicity
There will be no desires。
Being free from desire; tranquillity is attained;
And everything beneath Heaven will be at peace。
38
The truly good man is
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