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04道德经英译本85种-第400部分

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  Battles can only be won if rules are broken。?br》 But the adherence of all under heaven can only be won by letting…alone。
  How do I know that it is so?
  By this。
  The more prohibitions there are; the more ritual avoidances;
  The poorer the people will be。
  The more 搒harp weapons?there are;
  The more benighted will the whole land grow。
  The more cunning craftsmen there are;
  The more pernicious contrivances will be invented。
  The more laws are promulgated;
  The more thieves and bandits there will be。
  Therefore a sage has said:
  So long as I 揹o nothing?the people will of themselves be transformed。
  So long as I love quietude; the people will of themselves go straight。
  So long as I act only by inactivity the people will of themselves become prosperous。
  So long as I have no wants
  The people will of themselves return to the 搒tate of the Uncarved Block?

  58

  When the ruler looks repressed the people will be happy and satisfied;
  When the rule looks lively and self…assured the people will be carping and discontented。
  揑t is upon bad fortune that good fortune leans; upon good fortune that bad fortune rests。?br》 But though few know it; there is a bourn where there is neither right nor wrong;
  In a realm where every straight is doubled by a crooked;
  And every good by an ill; surely mankind has gone long enough astray?
  Therefore the Sage
  Squares without cutting;
  Shapes the corners without iopping;
  Straightens without stretching;
  Gives forth light without shining。

  59

  You cannot rule men nor serve heaven unless you have laid up a store;
  This 搇aying up a store?means quickly absorbing;
  And 搎uickly absorbing?means doubling one's garnered 損ower?
  Double your garnered power and it acquires a strength that nothing can overcome。
  If there is nothing it cannot overcome; it know no bounds;
  And only what knows no bounds is huge enough to keep a whole kingdom in its grasp。
  But only he who having the kingdom goes to the Mother can keep it long。
  This is called the art of making the roots strike deep by fencing the trunk;
  Of making life long by fixed staring。

  60

  Ruling a large kingdom is indeed like cooking small fish。
  They who by Tao all that is under heaven
  Did not let an evil spirit within them display its powers。
  Nay; it was not only that the evil spirit did not display its powers;
  Neither was the Sage's good spirit used to the hurt of other men。
  Nor was it only that his good spirit was not used to harm other men;
  The Sage himself was thus saved from harm。
  And so; each being saved from harm;
  Their 損owers?could converge towards a common end。

  61

  A large kingdom must be like the low ground towards which all streams flows down。
  It must be a point towards which all things under heaven converge。
  Its part must be that of the female in its dealings with all things under heaven。

  The female by quiescence conquers the male; by quiescence gets underneath。
  If a large kingdom can in the same way succeed in getting underneath a small kingdom
  Then it will win the adherence of the small kingdom;
  And it is because small kingdoms are by nature in this way underneath large kingdoms
  That they win the adherence of large kingdoms。
  The one must get underneath in order to do it;
  The other is underneath and therefore does it。
  (What large countries really need is more inhabitants;
  And what small countries need is some place
  Where their surplus inhabitants can go and get employment。)
  Thus each gets what it needs。
  That is why I say the large kingdom must 揼et underneath?

  62

  Tao in the Universe is like the south…west corner in the house。
  It is the treasure of the good man;
  The support of the bad。
  There is a traffic in speakers of fine words;
  Persons of grave demeanour are accepted as gifts;
  Even the bad let slip no opportunity to acquire them。
  Therefore on the day of an Emperor's enthronement
  Or at the installation of the three officers of State
  Rather than send a team of four horses; preceded by a disc of jade;
  Better were it; as can be done without moving from one's seat;
  To send this Tao。
  For what did the ancients say of this Tao;
  How did they prize it?
  Did they not say of those that have it
  揚ursuing; they shall catch; pursued; they shall escape??br》 They thought it; indeed; most precious of all things under heaven。

  63

  It acts without action; does without doing;
  Finds flavour in what is flavourless;
  Can make the small great and the few many;
  揜equites injuries with good deeds;
  Deals with the hard while it is still easy;
  With the great while it is still small。?br》 In the governance of empire everything difficult
  Must be dealt with while it is still easy;
  Everything great must be dealt with while it is still small。
  Therefore the Sage never has to deal with the great;
  And so achieves greatness。
  But again 揕ight assent inspires little confidence
  And 'many easies' means many a hard。?br》 Therefore the Sage knows too how to make the easy difficult;
  And by doing so avoid all difficulties!

  64

  揥hat stays still is easy to hold;
  Before there has been an omen it is easy to lay plans。
  What is tender is easily torn;
  What is minute is easy to scatter。?br》 Deal with things in their state of not…yet…being;
  Put them in order before they have got into confusion。
  For 搕he tree big as a man's embrace began as a tiny sprout;
  The tower nine storeys high began with a heap of earth;
  The journey of a thousand leagues began with what was under the feet?
  He who acts; harms; he who grabs; lets slip。
  Therefore the Sage does not act; and so does not harm;
  Does not grab; and so does not let slip。
  Whereas the people of the world; at their tasks;
  Constantly spoil things when within an ace of completing them。
  揌eed the end no less than the beginning;?br》 And your work will not be spoiled。
  Therefore the Sage wants only things that are unwanted;
  Sets no store by products difficult to get;
  And so teaches things untaught;
  Turning all men back to the things they have left behind;
  That the ten thousand creatures may be restored to their Self…so。
  This he does; but dare not act。

  65

  In the days of old those who practiced Tao with success did not;
  By means of it;
  Enlighten the people; but on the contrary sought to make them ignorant。
  The more knowledge people have; the harder they are to rule。
  Those who seek to rule by giving knowledge
  Are like bandits preying on the land。
  Those who rule without giving knowledge
  Bring a stock of good fortune to the land。
  To have understood the difference between these who things
  Is to have a test and standard
  To be always able to apply this test and standard
  Is called the mysterious 損ower? so deep…penetrating;
  So far…reaching;
  That can follow things back ?br》 All the way back to the Great Concordance。

  66

  How did the great rivers and seas get their kingship
  Over the hundred lesser streams?
  Through the merit of being lower than they;
  That was how they got their kingship。
  Therefore the Sage
  In order to be above the people
  Must speak as though he were lower than the people。
  In order to guide them
  He must put himself behind them。
  Only thus can the Sage be on top and the people not be crushed by his weight。
  Only thus can he guide; and the people not be led into harm
  Indeed in this way everything under heaven will into harm be pushed by him
  And will not find his guidance irk…some。
  This he does by not striving;
  And because he does not strive; none can contend with him。

  67

  Every one under heaven says that our Way is greatly like folly。
  But it is just because it is great; that it seems like folly。
  As for things that do not seem like folly ?well;
  There can be no question about their smallness!
  Here are my three treasures。
  Guard and keep them!
  The first is pity;
  The second; frugality;
  The third; refusal to be 揻oremost of all things under heaven。?br》 For only he that pities is truly able to be brave;
  Only he that is frugal is able to be profuse。
  Only he that refuse to be foremost of all things
  Is truly able to become chief of all Ministers。
  At present your bravery is not based on pity;
  Nor your profusion on frugality;
  Nor your vanguard on your rear; and this is death。
  But pity cannot fight without conquering or guard without。
  But pity cannot fight without conquering or guard without saving。
  Heaven arms with pity those whom it would not see destroyed。

  68

  The best charioteers do not rush ahead;
  The best fighters do not make displays of wrath。
  The greatest conqueror wins without joining issue;
  The best user of men acts as though he were their inferior。
  This is called the power that comes of not contending;
  Is called the capacity to use men;
  The secret of being mated to heaven; to what was of old。

  69

  The strategists have the sayings:
  揥hen you doubt your ability to meet the enemy's attack;
  Take the offensive yourself?br》 And 揑f you doubt your ability to advance an inch; then retreat a foot?
  This latter is what we call to march without moving;
  To roll the sleeve; but present no bare arm;
  The hand that seems to hold; yet had no weapon in it;
  A host that can confront; yet presents no battle…front。
  Now the greatest of all calamities is to attack and find no enemy。
  I can have no enemy only at the price of losing my treasure。
  Therefore when armies are raised
  And issues joined it is he who does not delight in war that wins。

  70

  My words are very easy to understand
  And very easy to put into practice。
  Yet no one under heaven understands them;
  No one put
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