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majesty　as　I　cannot　express；　nor　yet　have　often　seen；　either　in　Pagan　or　Christian。〃　　In　the　later　account　he　is　〃sitting　upon　his　bed　of　mats；　his　pillow　of　leather　embroidered　（after　their　rude　manner　with　pearls　and　white　beads）；　his　attire　a　fair　robe　of　skins　as　large　as　an　Irish　mantel；　at　his　head　and　feet　a　handsome　young　woman；　on　each　side　of　his　house　sat　twenty　of　his　concubines；　their　heads　and　shoulders　painted　red；　with　a　great　chain　of　white　beads　about　each　of　their　necks。　　Before　those　sat　his　chiefest　men　in　like　order　in　his　arbor…like　house。〃　　This　is　the　scene　that　figures　in　the　old　copper…plate　engravings。　　The　Emperor　welcomed　Smith　with　a　kind　countenance；　caused　him　to　sit　beside　him；　and　with　pretty　discourse　they　renewed　their　old　acquaintance。　　Smith　presented　him　with　a　suit　of　red　cloth；　a　white　greyhound；　and　a　hat。　　The　Queen　of　Apamatuc；　a　comely　young　savage；　brought　him　water；　a　turkeycock；　and　bread　to　eat。　　Powhatan　professed　great　content　with　Smith；　but　desired　to　see　his　father；　Captain　Newport。　　He　inquired　also　with　a　merry　countenance　after　the　piece　of　ordnance　that　Smith　had　promised　to　send　him；　and　Smith；　with　equal　jocularity；　replied　that　he　had　offered　the　men　four　demi…culverins；　which　they　found　too　heavy　to　carry。　　This　night　they　quartered　with　Powhatan；　and　were　liberally　feasted；　and　entertained　with　singing；　dancing；　and　orations。

The　next　day　Captain　Newport　came　ashore。　　The　two　monarchs　exchanged　presents。　　Newport　gave　Powhatan　a　white　boy　thirteen　years　old；　named　Thomas　Savage。　　This　boy　remained　with　the　Indians　and　served　the　colony　many　years　as　an　interpreter。　　Powhatan　gave　Newport　in　return　a　bag　of　beans　and　an　Indian　named　Namontack　for　his　servant。　Three　or　four　days　they　remained；　feasting；　dancing；　and　trading　with　the　Indians。

In　trade　the　wily　savage　was　more　than　a　match　for　Newport。　　He　affected　great　dignity；　it　was　unworthy　such　great　werowances　to　dicker；　it　was　not　agreeable　to　his　greatness　in　a　peddling　manner　to　trade　for　trifles；　let　the　great　Newport　lay　down　his　commodities　all　together；　and　Powhatan　would　take　what　he　wished；　and　recompense　him　with　a　proper　return。　　Smith；　who　knew　the　Indians　and　their　ostentation；　told　Newport　that　the　intention　was　to　cheat　him；　but　his　interference　was　resented。　　The　result　justified　Smith's　suspicion。　　Newport　received　but　four　bushels　of　corn　when　he　should　have　had　twenty　hogsheads。　　Smith　then　tried　his　hand　at　a　trade。　With　a　few　blue　beads；　which　he　represented　as　of　a　rare　substance；　the　color　of　the　skies；　and　worn　by　the　greatest　kings　in　the　world；　he　so　inflamed　the　desire　of　Powhatan　that　he　was　half　mad　to　possess　such　strange　jewels；　and　gave　for　them　200　to　300　bushels　of　corn；　〃and　yet；〃　says　Smith；　〃parted　good　friends。〃

At　this　time　Powhatan；　knowing　that　they　desired　to　invade　or　explore　Monacan；　the　country　above　the　Falls；　proposed　an　expedition；　with　men　and　boats；　and　〃this　faire　tale　had　almost　made　Captain　Newport　undertake　by　this　means　to　discover　the　South　Sea；〃　a　project　which　the　adventurers　had　always　in　mind。　　On　this　expedition　they　sojourned　also　with　the　King　of　Pamaunke。

Captain　Newport　returned　to　England　on　the　10th　of　April。　　Mr。　Scrivener　and　Captain　Smith　were　now　in　fact　the　sustainers　of　the　colony。　　They　made　short　expeditions　of　exploration。　　Powhatan　and　other　chiefs　still　professed　friendship　and　sent　presents；　but　the　Indians　grew　more　and　more　offensive；　lurking　about　and　stealing　all　they　could　lay　hands　on。　　Several　of　them　were　caught　and　confined　in　the　fort；　and；　guarded；　were　conducted　to　the　morning　and　evening　prayers。　　By　threats　and　slight　torture；　the　captives　were　made　to　confess　the　hostile　intentions　of　Powhatan　and　the　other　chiefs；　which　was　to　steal　their　weapons　and　then　overpower　the　colony。　Rigorous　measures　were　needed　to　keep　the　Indians　in　check；　but　the　command　from　England　not　to　offend　the　savages　was　so　strict　that　Smith　dared　not　chastise　them　as　they　deserved。　　The　history　of　the　colony　all　this　spring　of　1608　is　one　of　labor　and　discontent；　of　constant　annoyance　from　the　Indians；　and　expectations　of　attacks。　　On　the　20th　of　April；　while　they　were　hewing　trees　and　setting　corn；　an　alarm　was　given　which　sent　them　all　to　their　arms。　　Fright　was　turned　into　joy　by　the　sight　of　the　Phoenix；　with　Captain　Nelson　and　his　company；　who　had　been　for　three　months　detained　in　the　West　Indies；　and　given　up　for　lost。

Being　thus　re…enforced；　Smith　and　Scrivener　desired　to　explore　the　country　above　the　Falls；　and　got　ready　an　expedition。　　But　this；　Martin；　who　was　only　intent　upon　loading　the　return　ship　with　〃his　phantastical　gold；〃　opposed；　and　Nelson　did　not　think　he　had　authority　to　allow　it；　unless　they　would　bind　themselves　to　pay　the　hire　of　the　ships。　　The　project　was　therefore　abandoned。　　The　Indians　continued　their　depredations。　　Messages　daily　passed　between　the　fort　and　the　Indians；　and　treachery　was　always　expected。　　About　this　time　the　boy　Thomas　Savage　was　returned；　with　his　chest　and　clothing。

The　colony　had　now　several　of　the　Indians　detained　in　the　fort。　　At　this　point　in　the　〃True　Relation　〃　occurs　the　first　mention　of　Pocahontas。　　Smith　says：　〃Powhatan；　understanding　we　detained　certain　Salvages；　sent　his　daughter；　a　child　of　tenne　years　old；　which　not　only　for　feature；　countenance；　and　proportion　much　exceeded　any　of　his　people；　but　for　wit　and　spirit；　the　only　nonpareil　of　his　country。'　She　was　accompanied　by　his　trusty　messenger　Rawhunt；　a　crafty　and　deformed　savage；　who　assured　Smith　how　much　Powhatan　loved　and　respected　him　and；　that　he　should　not　doubt　his　kindness；　had　sen　his　child；　whom　he　most　esteemed；　to　see　him；　and　a　deer；　and　bread　besides　for　a　present；　〃desiring　us　that　the　boy　might　come　again；　which　he　loved　exceedingly；　his　little　daughter　he　had　taught　this　lesson　also：　not　taking　notice　at　all　of　the　Indians　that　had　been　prisoners　three　days；　till　that　morning　that　she　saw　their　fathers　and　friends　come　quietly　and　in　good　terms　to　entreat　their　liberty。〃

Opechancanough　（the　King　of　〃Pamauk〃）　also　sent　asking　the　release　of　two　that　were　his　friends；　and　others；　apparently　with　confidence　in　the　whites；　came　begging　for　the　release　of　the　prisoners。　　〃In　the　afternoon　they　being　gone；　we　guarded　them　＇the　prisoners＇　as　before　to　the　church；　and　after　prayer　gave　them　to　Pocahuntas；　the　King's　daughter；　in　regard　to　her　father's　kindness　in　sending　her：　after　having　well　fed　them；　as　all　the　time　of　their　imprisonment；　we　gave　them　their　bows；　arrows；　or　what　else　they　had；　and　with　much　content　sent　them　packing；　Pocahuntas；　also；　we　requited　with　such　trifles　as　contented　her；　to　tell　that　we　had　used　the　Paspaheyans　very　kindly　in　so　releasing　them。〃

This　account　would　show　that　Pocahontas　was　a　child　of　uncommon　dignity　and　self…control　for　her　age。　　In　his　letter　to　Queen　Anne；　written　in　1616；　he　speaks　of　her　as　aged　twelve　or　thirteen　at　the　time　of　his　captivity；　several　months　before　this　visit　to　the　fort。

The　colonists　still　had　reasons　to　fear　ambuscades　from　the　savages　lurking　about　in　the　woods。　　One　day　a　Paspahean　came　with　a　glittering　mineral　stone；　and　said　he　could　show　them　great　abundance　of　it。　　Smith　went　to　look　for　this　mine；　but　was　led　about　hither　and　thither　in　the　woods　till　he　lost　his　patience　and　was　convinced　that　the　Indian　was　fooling　him；　when　he　gave　him　twenty　lashes　with　a　rope；　handed　him　his　bows　and　arrows；　told　him　to　shoot　if　he　dared；　and　let　him　go。　　Smith　had　a　prompt　way　with　the　Indians。　　He　always　traded　〃squarely〃　with　them；　kept　his　promises；　and　never　hesitated　to　attack　or　punish　them　when　they　deserved　it。　　They　feared　and　respected　him。

The　colony　was　now　in　fair　condition；　in　good　health；　and　contented；　and　it　was　believed；　though　the　belief　was　not　well　founded；　that　they　would　have　lasting　peace　with　the　Indians。　　Captain　Nelson's　ship；　the　Phoenix；　was　freighted　with　cedar　wood；　and　was　despatched　for　England　June　8；　1608。　　Captain　Martin；　〃always　sickly　and　unserviceable；　and　desirous　to　enjoy　the　credit　of　his　supposed　art　of　finding　the　gold　mine；〃　took　passage。　　Captain　Nelson　probably　carried　Smith's　〃True　Relation。〃




X

DISCOVERY　OF　THE　CHESAPEAKE

On　the　same；　day　that　Nelson　sailed　for　England；　Smith　set　out　to　explore　the　Chesapeake；　accompanying　the　Phoenix　as　far　as　Cape　Henry；　in　a　barge　of　about　three　tons。　　With　him　went　Dr。　Walter　Russell；　six　gentlemen；　and　seven　soldiers。　　The　narrative　of　the　voyage　is　signed　by　Dr。　Russell；　Thomas　Momford；　gentleman；　and　Anas　Todkill；　soldier。　　Master　Scrivener　remained　at　the　fort；　where　his　presence　was　needed　to　keep　in　check　the　prodigal　waste　of　the　stores　upon　his　parasites　by　President　Ratcliffe。

The　expedition　crossed　the　bay　at　〃Smith's　Isles；〃　named　after　the　Captain；　touched　at　Cape　Charles；　and　coasted　along　the　eastern　shore。　　Two　stout　savages　hailed　them　from　Cape　Charles；　and　directed　them　to　Accomack；　whose　king　proved　to　be　the　most　comely　and　civil　savage　they　had　yet　encountered。

He　told　them　of　a　strange　accident　that　had　happened。　　The　parents　of　two　children　who　had　died　were　moved　by　some　phantasy　to　revisit　their　dead　carcasses；　〃whose　benumbed　bodies　reflected　to　the　eyes　of　the　beholders　such　delightful　countenances　as　though　they　had　regained　their　vital　spirits。〃　　This　miracle　drew　a　great　part　of　the　King's　people　to　behold　them；　nearly　all　of　whom　died　shortly　afterward。　　These　people　spoke　the　language　of　Powhatan。　　Smith　explored　the　bays；　isles；　and　islets；　searching　for　harbors　and　places　of　habitation。　　He　was　a　born　explorer　and　geographer；　as　his　remarkable　map　of　Virginia　sufficiently　testifies。　　The　company　was　much　tossed　about　in　the　rough　waves　of　the　bay；　and　had　great　difficulty　in　procuring　drinking…water。　　They　entered　the　Wighcocomoco；　on　the　east　side；　where　the　natives　first　threatened　and　then　received　them　with　songs；　dancing；　and　mirth。　　A　point　on　the　mainland　where　they　found　a　pond　of　fresh　water　they　named　〃Poynt　Ployer　in　honer　of　the　most　honorable　house　of　Monsay；　in　Britaine；　that　in　an　extreme　extremitie　once　relieved　our　Captain。〃　　This　reference　to　the　Earl　of　Ployer；　who　was　kind　to　Smit