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e　extremitie　once　relieved　our　Captain。〃　　This　reference　to　the　Earl　of　Ployer；　who　was　kind　to　Smith　in　his　youth；　is　only　an　instance　of　the　care　with　which　he　edited　these　narratives　of　his　own　exploits；　which　were　nominally　written　by　his　companions。

The　explorers　were　now　assailed　with　violent　storms；　and　at　last　took　refuge　for　two　days　on　some　uninhabited　islands；　which　by　reason　of　the　ill　weather　and　the　hurly…burly　of　thunder；　lightning；　wind；　and　rain；　they　called　〃Limbo。〃　　Repairing　their　torn　sails　with　their　shirts；　they　sailed　for　the　mainland　on　the　east；　and　ran　into　a　river　called　Cuskarawook　（perhaps　the　present　Annomessie）；　where　the　inhabitants　received　them　with　showers　of　arrows；　ascending　the　trees　and　shooting　at　them。　　The　next　day　a　crowd　came　dancing　to　the　shore；　making　friendly　signs；　but　Smith；　suspecting　villainy；　discharged　his　muskets　into　them。　　Landing　toward　evening；　the　explorers　found　many　baskets　and　much　blood；　but　no　savages。　　The　following　day；　savages　to　the　number；　the　account　wildly　says；　of　two　or　three　thousand；　came　to　visit　them；　and　were　very　friendly。　　These　tribes　Smith　calls　the　Sarapinagh；　Nause；　Arseek；　and　Nantaquak；　and　says　they　are　the　best　merchants　of　that　coast。　　They　told　him　of　a　great　nation；　called　the　Massawomeks；　of　whom　he　set　out　in　search；　passing　by　the　Limbo；　and　coasting　the　west　side　of　Chesapeake　Bay。　The　people　on　the　east　side　he　describes　as　of　small　stature。

They　anchored　at　night　at　a　place　called　Richard's　Cliffs；　north　of　the　Pawtuxet；　and　from　thence　went　on　till　they　reached　the　first　river　navigable　for　ships；　which　they　named　the　Bolus；　and　which　by　its　position　on　Smith's　map　may　be　the　Severn　or　the　Patapsco。

The　men　now；　having　been　kept　at　the　oars　ten　days；　tossed　about　by　storms；　and　with　nothing　to　eat　but　bread　rotten　from　the　wet；　supposed　that　the　Captain　would　turn　about　and　go　home。　　But　he　reminded　them　how　the　company　of　Ralph　Lane；　in　like　circumstances；　importuned　him　to　proceed　with　the　discovery　of　Moratico；　alleging　that　they　had　yet　a　dog　that　boiled　with　sassafrks　leaves　would　richly　feed　them。　　He　could　not　think　of　returning　yet；　for　they　were　scarce　able　to　say　where　they　had　been；　nor　had　yet　heard　of　what　they　were　sent　to　seek。　　He　exhorted　them　to　abandon　their　childish　fear　of　being　lost　in　these　unknown；　large　waters；　but　he　assured　them　that　return　he　would　not；　till　he　had　seen　the　Massawomeks　and　found　the　Patowomek。

On　the　16th　of　June　they　discovered　the　River　Patowomek　（Potomac）；　seven　miles　broad　at　the　mouth；　up　which　they　sailed　thirty　miles　before　they　encountered　any　inhabitants。　　Four　savages　at　length　appeared　and　conducted　them　up　a　creek　where　were　three　or　four　thousand　in　ambush；　〃so　strangely　painted；　grimed；　and　disguised；　shouting；　yelling；　and　crying　as　so　many　spirits　from　hell　could　not　have　showed　more　terrible。〃　　But　the　discharge　of　the　firearms　and　the　echo　in　the　forest　so　appeased　their　fury　that　they　threw　down　their　bows；　exchanged　hostages；　and　kindly　used　the　strangers。　　The　Indians　told　him　that　Powhatan　had　commanded　them　to　betray　them；　and　the　serious　charge　is　added　that　Powhatan；　〃so　directed　from　the　discontents　at　Jamestown　because　our　Captain　did　cause　them　to　stay　in　their　country　against　their　wills。〃　　This　reveals　the　suspicion　and　thoroughly　bad　feeling　existing　among　the　colonists。

The　expedition　went　up　the　river　to　a　village　called　Patowomek；　and　thence　rowed　up　a　little　River　Quiyough　（Acquia　Creek？）　in　search　of　a　mountain　of　antimony；　which　they　found。　　The　savages　put　this　antimony　up　in　little　bags　and　sold　it　all　over　the　country　to　paint　their　bodies　and　faces；　which　made　them　look　like　Blackamoors　dusted　over　with　silver。　　Some　bags　of　this　they　carried　away；　and　also　collected　a　good　amount　of　furs　of　otters；　bears；　martens；　and　minks。　Fish　were　abundant；　〃lying　so　thick　with　their　heads　above　water；　as　for　want　of　nets　（our　barge　driving　among　them）　we　attempted　to　catch　them　with　a　frying…pan；　but　we　found　it　a　bad　instrument　to　catch　fish　with；　neither　better　fish；　more　plenty；　nor　more　variety　for　small　fish；　had　any　of　us　ever　seen　in　any　place；　so　swimming　in　the　water；　but　they　are　not　to　be　caught　with　frying…pans。〃

In　all　his　encounters　and　quarrels　with　the　treacherous　savages　Smith　lost　not　a　man；　it　was　his　habit　when　he　encountered　a　body　of　them　to　demand　their　bows；　arrows；　swords；　and　furs；　and　a　child　or　two　as　hostages。

Having　finished　his　discovery　he　returned。　　Passing　the　mouth　of　the　Rappahannock；　by　some　called　the　Tappahannock；　where　in　shoal　water　were　many　fish　lurking　in　the　weeds；　Smith　had　his　first　experience　of　the　Stingray。　　It　chanced　that　the　Captain　took　one　of　these　fish　from　his　sword；　〃not　knowing　her　condition；　being　much　the　fashion　of　a　Thornbeck；　but　a　long　tayle　like　a　riding　rodde　whereon　the　middest　is　a　most　poysonne　sting　of　two　or　three　inches　long；　bearded　like　a　saw　on　each　side；　which　she　struck　into　the　wrist　of　his　arme　neare　an　inch　and　a　half。〃　　The　arm　and　shoulder　swelled　so　much；　and　the　torment　was　so　great；　that　〃we　all　with　much　sorrow　concluded　his　funerale；　and　prepared　his　grave　in　an　island　by；　as　himself　directed。〃　　But　it　〃　pleased　God　by　a　precious　oyle　Dr。　Russell　applied　to　it　that　his　tormenting　paine　was　so　assuged　that　he　ate　of　that　fish　to　his　supper。〃

Setting　sail　for　Jamestown；　and　arriving　at　Kecoughtan；　the　sight　of　the　furs　and　other　plunder；　and　of　Captain　Smith　wounded；　led　the　Indians　to　think　that　he　had　been　at　war　with　the　Massawomeks；　which　opinion　Smith　encouraged。　　They　reached　Jamestown　July　21st；　in　fine　spirits；　to　find　the　colony　in　a　mutinous　condition；　the　last　arrivals　all　sick；　and　the　others　on　the　point　of　revenging　themselves　on　the　silly　President；　who　had　brought　them　all　to　misery　by　his　riotous　consumption　of　the　stores；　and　by　forcing　them　to　work　on　an　unnecessary　pleasure…house　for　himself　in　the　woods。　　They　were　somewhat　appeased　by　the　good　news　of　the　discovery；　and　in　the　belief　that　their　bay　stretched　into　the　South　Sea；　and　submitted　on　condition　that　Ratclifte　should　be　deposed　and　Captain　Smith　take　upon　himself　the　government；　〃as　by　course　it　did　belong。〃　　He　consented；　but　substituted　Mr。　Scrivener；　his　dear　friend；　in　the　presidency；　distributed　the　provisions；　appointed　honest　men　to　assist　Mr。　Scrivener；　and　set　out　on　the　24th；　with　twelve　men；　to　finish　his　discovery。

He　passed　by　the　Patowomek　River　and　hasted　to　the　River　Bolus；　which　he　had　before　visited。　　Pn　the　bay　they　fell　in　with　seven　or　eight　canoes　full　of　the　renowned　Massawomeks；　with　whom　they　had　a　fight；　but　at　length　these　savages　became　friendly　and　gave　them　bows；　arrows；　and　skins。　　They　were　at　war　with　the　Tockwoghes。　　Proceeding　up　the　River　Tockwogh；　the　latter　Indians　received　them　with　friendship；　because　they　had　the　weapons　which　they　supposed　had　been　captured　in　a　fight　with　the　Massawomeks。　　These　Indians　had　hatchets；　knives；　pieces　of　iron　and　brass；　they　reported　came　from　the　Susquesahanocks；　a　mighty　people；　the　enemies　of　the　Massawomeks；　living　at　the　head　of　the　bay。　　As　Smith　in　his　barge　could　not　ascend　to　them；　he　sent　an　interpreter　to　request　a　visit　from　them。　In　three　or　four　days　sixty　of　these　giant…like　people　came　down　with　presents　of　venison；　tobacco…pipes　three　feet　in　length；　baskets；　targets；　and　bows　and　arrows。　　Some　further　notice　is　necessary　of　this　first　appearance　of　the　Susquehannocks；　who　became　afterwards　so　well　known；　by　reason　of　their　great　stature　and　their　friendliness。　Portraits　of　these　noble　savages　appeared　in　De　Bry's　voyages；　which　were　used　in　Smith's　map；　and　also　by　Strachey。　　These　beautiful　copperplate　engravings　spread　through　Europe　most　exaggerated　ideas　of　the　American　savages。

〃Our　order；〃　says　Smith；　〃was　daily　to　have　prayers；　with　a　psalm；　at　which　solemnity　the　poor　savages　wondered。〃　　When　it　was　over　the　Susquesahanocks；　in　a　fervent　manner；　held　up　their　hands　to　the　sun；　and　then　embracing　the　Captain；　adored　him　in　like　manner。　　With　a　furious　manner　and　〃a　hellish　voyce　〃　they　began　an　oration　of　their　loves；　covered　him　with　their　painted　bear…skins；　hung　a　chain　of　white　beads　about　his　neck；　and　hailed　his　creation　as　their　governor　and　protector；　promising　aid　and　victuals　if　he　would　stay　and　help　them　fight　the　Massawomeks。　　Much　they　told　him　of　the　Atquanachuks；　who　live　on　the　Ocean　Sea；　the　Massawomeks　and　other　people　living　on　a　great　water　beyond　the　mountain　（which　Smith　understood　to　be　some　great　lake　or　the　river　of　Canada）；　and　that　they　received　their　hatchets　and　other　commodities　from　the　French。　　They　moumed　greatly　at　Smith's　departure。　　Of　Powhatan　they　knew　nothing　but　the　name。

Strachey；　who　probably　enlarges　from　Smith　his　account　of　the　same　people；　whom　he　calls　Sasquesahanougs；　says　they　were　well…　proportioned　giants；　but　of　an　honest　and　simple　disposition。　　Their　language　well　beseemed　their　proportions；　〃sounding　from　them　as　it　were　a　great　voice　in　a　vault　or　cave；　as　an　ecco。〃　　The　picture　of　one　of　these　chiefs　is　given　in　De　Bry；and　described　by　Strachey；〃　the　calf　of　whose　leg　was　three…quarters　of　a　yard　about；　and　all　the　rest　of　his　limbs　so　answerable　to　the　same　proportions　that　he　seemed　the　goodliest　man　they　ever　saw。〃

It　would　not　entertain　the　reader　to　follow　Smith　in　all　the　small　adventures　of　the　exploration；　during　which　he　says　he　went　about　3；000　miles　（three　thousand　miles　in　three　or　four　weeks　in　a　row…　boat　is　nothing　in　Smith's　memory）；　〃with　such　watery　diet　in　these　great　waters　and　barbarous　countries。〃　　Much　hardship　he　endured；　alternately　skirmishing　and　feasting　with　the　Indians；　many　were　the　tribes　he　struck　an　alliance　with；　and　many　valuable　details　he　added　to　the　geographical　knowledge　of　the　region。　　In　all　this　exploration　Smith　showed　himself　skillful　as　he　was　vigorous　and　adventurous。

He　returned　to　James　River　September　7th。　　Many　had　died；　some　were　sick；　Ratcliffe；　the　late　President；　was　a　prisoner　for　mutiny；　Master　Scrivener　had　diligently　gathered　the　harvest；　but　much　of　the　provisions　had　been　spoiled　by　rain。　　Thus　the　summer　was　consumed；　and　nothing　had　been　accomplished