history of friedrich ii of prussia v 18-第23部分

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e　tenderest　esteem；　with　which　I　am；　my　dearest　Sister；　your　＇in　truth；　affectionate　Brother　at　all　times＇　　　　　　F。〃　＇　OEuvres　de　Frederic；　　xxvii。　i。　294；　295；　296…298。＇　


PRINCE　AUGUST　WILHELM　FINDS　A　BAD　PROBLEM　AT　JUNG…BUNZLAU；　AND　DOES　IT　BADLY：　FRIEDRICH　THEREUPON　HAS　TO　RISE　FROM　LEITMERITZ；　AND　TAKE　THE　FIELD　ELSEWHERE；　IN　BITTER　HASTE　AND　IMPATIENCE；　WITH　OUTLOOKS　WORSE　THAN　EVER。

The　Prince　of　Prussia's　Enterprise　had　its　intricacies；　but；　by　good　management；　was　capable　of　being　done。　At　least；　so　Friedrich　thought；though；　in　truth；　it　would　have　been　better　had　Friedrich　gone　himself；　since　the　chief　pressure　happened　to　fall　there！　The　Prince　has　to　retire；　Parthian…like；　as　slowly　as　possible；　with　the　late　Kolin　or　Moritz…Bevern　Army；　towards　the　Lausitz；　keeping　his　eye　upon　Silesia　the　while；　of　course　securing　the　passes　and　strong　places　in　his　passage；　for　defence　of　his　own　rear　at　lowest；　especially　securing　Zittau；　a　fine　opulent　Town；　where　his　chief　Magazine　is；　fed　from　Silesia　now。　The　Army　is　in　good　strength　（guess　30；000）；　with　every　equipment　complete；　in　discipline；　in　health　and　in　heart；　such　as　beseems　a　Prussian　Army；probably　longing　rather；　if　it　venture　to　long　or　wish　for　anything　not　yet　commanded；　to　have　a　stroke　at　those　Austrians　again；　and　pay　them　something　towards　that　late　Kolin　score。

The　Prince　arrived　at　Jung…Bunzlau；　June　30th；　Winterfeld　with　him；　and；　at　his　own　request；　Schmettau。　The　Austrians　have　not　yet　stirred：　if　they　do；　it　may　be　upon　the　King；　it　may　be　upon　the　Prince：　in　three　or　even　in　two　marches；　Prince　and　King　can　be　together；the　King　only　too　happy；　in　the　present　oppressive　coil　of　doubts；　to　find　the　Austrians　ready　for　a　new　passage　of　battle；　and　an　immediate　decision。　The　Austrians　did；　in　fact；　break　out；　seemingly；　at　first；　upon　the　King；　but　in　reality　upon　the　Prince；　whom　they　judge　safer　game；　and　the　matter　became　much　more　critical　upon　him　than　had　been　expected。

The　Prince　was　thought　to　have　a　good　judgment　（too　much　talk　in　it；　we　sometimes　feared）；　and　fair　knowledge　in　military　matters。　The　King；　not　quite　by　the　Prince's　choice；　has　given　him　Winterfeld　for　Mentor；　Winterfeld；　who　has　an　excellent　military　head　in　such　matters；　and　a　heart　firm　as　steel；almost　like　a　second　self　in　the　King's　estimation。　Excellent　Winterfeld；but　then　there　are　also　Schmettau；　Bevern　and　others；　possibly　in　private　not　too　well　affected　to　this　Winterfeld。　In　fact；　there　is　rather　a　multitude　of　Counsellers；and　an　ingenuous　fine…spirited　Prince；　perhaps　more　capable　of　eloquence　on　the　Opposition　side；　than　of　condensing　into　real　wisdom　a　multitude　of　counsels；　when　the　crisis　rises；　and　the　affair　becomes　really　difficult。　Crisis　did　rise：　the　victorious　Austrians；　after　such　delay；　had　finally　made　up　their　minds　to　press　this　one　a　little；　this　one　rather　than　the　King；　and　hang　upon　his　skirts；　Daun　and　Prince　Karl　set　out　after　him；　just　about　the　time　of　his　arrival；　〃70；000　strong；〃　the　Prince　hears；　including　plenty　of　Pandours。　Certain　it　is；　the　poor　Prince's　mind　did　flounder　a　good　deal；　and　his　procedures　succeeded　extremely　ill　on　this　occasion。　Certain；　too；　that　they　were　extremely　ill…taken　at　head…quarters：　and　that　he　even　died　soon　after；chiefly　of　broken　heart；　said　the　censorious　world。　It　is　well　known　how　Europe　rang　with　the　matter　for　a　long　while；　and　Books　were　printed；　and　Documents；　and　COLLECTIONS　BY　A　MASTER'S　HAND。　＇　Lettres　Secretes　touchant　la　Deniere　Guerre；　de　Main　de　Maitre；　divisees　en　deux　parties　　（Francfort　et　Amsterdam；　1772）：　this　is　the　Prince's　own　Statement；　Proof　in　hand。　By　far　the　clearest　Account　is　in　　Schmettau's　Leben　　（by　his　Son）；　pp。　353…384。　See　also　Preuss；　ii。　57…61；　and　especially　ii。　407。＇　We；　who　can　spend　but　a　page　or　two　on　it；　must　carefully　stand　by　the　essential　part。

〃JUNE　30th…JULY　3d；　Prince　at　Jung…Bunzlau；　in　chief　command。　Besides　Winterfeld；　the　Generals　under　him　are　Ziethen；　Schmettau；　Fouquet；　Retzow；　Goltz；　and　two　others　who　need　not　be　of　our　acquaintance。　Impossible　to　stay　there；　thinks　the　Prince；　thinks　everybody；　and　they　shift　to　Neuschloss；　westward　thirty　miles。　July　1st；　Daun　had　crossed　the　Elbe　（Daun　let　us　say　for　brevity；　though　it　is　Daun　and　Karl；　or　even　Karl　and　Daun；　Karl　being　chief；　and　capable　of　saying　so　at　times；　though　Daun　is　very　splendent　since　Kolin）；crossed　the　Elbe　above　Brandeis；　Nadasti；　with　precursor　Pandours；　now　within　an　hour's　march　of　Jung…Bunzlau；and　it　was　time　to　go。

〃JULY　3d…6th；　At　Neuschloss；　which　is　thought　a　strong　position；　key　of　the　localities　there；　and　nearer　Friedrich　too；　the　Prince　stayed　not　quite　four　days；　shifted　to　Bohm　（BohmISCH）　Leipa；　JULY　7th；rather　off　from　Leitmeritz；　but　a　march　towards　Zittau；　where　the　provisions　are。　'A　bad　change；'　said　the　Prince's　friends　afterwards；　（change　advised　by　Winterfeld；who　never　mentioned　that　circumstance　to　his　Majesty；　many　as　he　did　mention；　not　in　the　best　way！'Prince　gets　to　Bohm　Leipa　July　7th；　stays　there；　in　questionable　circumstances；　nine　days。

〃Bohm　Leipa　is　still　not　above　thirty　miles　northeastward　of　the　King；　and　it　is　about　the　same　distance　southwestward　from　Zittau；　out　of　which　fine　Town；　partly　by　cross…roads；　the　Prince　gets　his　provisions　on　this　march。　From　Zittau　hitherward；　as　far　as　the　little　Town　of　Gabel；　which　lies　about　half　way；　there　is　broad　High　Road；　the　great　Southern　KAISER…STRASSE：　from　Gabel；　for　Bohm　Leipa；　you　have　to　cross　southwestward　by　country　roads；　the　keys　to　which；　especially　Gabel；　the　Prince　has　not　failed　to　secure　by　proper　garrison　parties。　And　so；　for　about　a　week；　not　quite　uncomfortably；　he　continues　at　Bohm　Leipa；　getting　in　his　convoys　from　Zittau。　Diligently　scanning　the　Pandour　stragglings　and　sputterings　round　him；　which　are　clearly　on　the　increasing　hand。　Diligently　corresponding　with　the　King；　meanwhile；　who　much　discourages　undue　apprehension；　or　retreat　movement　till　the　last　pinch。　'Edging　backward；　and　again　backward；　you　come　bounce　upon　Berlin　one　day；　and　will　then　have　to　halt！'which　is　not　pleasant　to　the　Prince。　But；　indisputably；　the　Pandour　spurts　on　him　do　become　Pandour　gushings；　with　regulars　also　noticeable：　it　is　certain　the　Austrians　are　out；pretending　first　to　mean　the　King　and　Leitmeritz；　but　knowing　better；　and　meaning　the　Prince　and　Bohm　Leipa　all　the　while。〃By　way　of　supplement；　take　Daun's　positions　in　the　interim：

Daun　and　Karl　were　at　Podschernitz　26th　June；　1st　July；　cross　the　Elbe；　above　Brandeis　（Nadasti　now　within　an　hour's　march　of　Jung…　Bunzlau）；　7th　July　（day　while　the　Prince　is　flitting　to　Bohm　Leipa）；　Daun　is　through　Jung…Bunzlau　to　Munchengratz；　thence　to　Liebenau；　14th；　to　Niemes；　not　above　four　miles　from　the　Prince's　rightmost　outpost　（rightmost　or　eastmost；　which　looks　away　from　his　Brother）；　while　a　couple　of　advanced　parties；　Beck　and　Maguire；　hover　on　his　flank　Zittau…ward；　and　Nadasti　（if　he　knew　it）　is　pushing　on　to　rear。

〃THURSDAY；　14th　JULY；　About　six　in　the　evening；　at　Bohm　Leipa；　distinct　cannon…thunder　is　heard　from　northeast：　'Evidently　Gabel　getting　cannonaded；　and　our　wagon　convoy　＇empty；　going　to　Zittau　for　meal；　General　Puttkammer　escorting＇　is　in　a　dangerous　state！'　And　by　and　by　hussar　parties　of　ours　come　in；　with　articulate　news　to　that　bad　effect：　'Gabel　under　hot　attack　of　regulars；　Puttkammer　with　his　3；000　vigorously　defending；　will　expect　to　be　relieved　within　not　many　hours！'　Here　has　the　crisis　come。　Crisis　sure　enough；and　the　Prince；　to　meet　it；　summons　that　refuge　of　the　irresolute；　a　Council　of　War。

〃Winterfeld；　who　is　just　come　home　in　these　moments；　did　not　attend；not；　till　three　next　morning。　Winterfeld　had　gone　to　bed；　fairly　'tired　dead；'　with　long　marching　and　hurrying　about。　To　the　poor　Prince　there　are　three　courses　visible。　Course　FIRST；　That　of　joining　the　King　at　Leitmeritz。　Gabel；　Zittau　lost　in　that　case；　game　given　up；reception　likely　to　be　bad　at　Leitmeritz！　Course　SECOND；the　course　Friedrich　himself　would　at　once　have　gone　upon；　and　been　already　well　ahead　with；That　of　instantly　taking　measures　for　the　relief　of　Puttkammer。　Dispute　Gabel　to　the　last；　retreat；　on　loss　of　it；　Parthian…like；　to　Zittau；　by　that　broad　Highway；　short　and　broad；　whole　distance　hence　only　thirty　miles。　'Thirty　miles；'　say　the　multitude　of　Counsellors：　'Yes；　but　the　first　fifteen；　TO　Gabel；　is　cross…road；　hilly；　difficult；　they　have　us　in　flank！'　'We　are　25；000；'　urges　the　Prince；　'fifteen　miles　is　not　much！'　The　thing　had　its　difficulties：　the　Prince　himself；　it　appears；　faintly　thought　it　feasible：　'25；000　we；　20；000　they；　only　fifteen　miles；'　said　he。　But　the　variety　of　Counsellors：　'Cross…roads；　defiles；　flank…march；　dangerous；'　said　they。　And　so　the　third　course；　which　was　incomparably　the　worst；　found　favor　in　Council　of　War：　That　of　leaving　Gabel　and　Puttkammer　to　their　fate；　and　of　pushing　off　for　Zittau　leftwards　through　the　safe　Hills；　by　Kamnitz；　Kreywitz；　Rumburg；which；　if　the　reader　look；　is　by　a　circuitous；　nay　quite　parabolic　course；　twice　or　thrice　as　far：'In　that　manner　let　us　save　Zittau　and　our　Main　Body！'　said　the　Council　of　War。　Yes；　my　friends：　a　cannon…ball；　endeavoring　to　get　into　Zittau　from　the　town…ditch；　would　have　to　take　a　parabolic　course；and　the　cannon…　ball　would　be　speedy　upon　it；　and　not　have　Hill　roads　to　go　by！　This　notable　parabolic　circuit　of　narrow　steep　roads　may　have　its　difficulties　for　an　Army　and　its　baggages！〃　Enough；　the　poor　Prince　adopted　that　worst　third　course；　and　even　made　no　despatch　in　getting　into　it；　and　it　proved　ruinous　to　Zittau；　and　to　much　else；　his　own　life　partly　included。

〃JULY　16th…22d。　Thursday　night；　or　Friday　3　A。M。；　that　third　and　incomparably　worst　course　was　adopted：　Gabel；　Puttkammer　with　his　wagons；　ensigns；　kettledrums；　all　this　has　to　surrender　in　a　day：　High　Road　to　Zittau；　for　the　Austrians；　is　a　smooth　march；　when　they　like　to　gather　fully　there；　and　start。　And　in　the　Hills；　with　their　jolts　and　precipitous　windings；　infested　too　by　Pandours；　the　poor　Prussian　Main　Body；　on　its　wide　parabolic　circuit；　has　a　time　of　it！　Loses　its　pontoons；　loses　most　of　its　baggage；　obliged　to　set　fire；　not　to