the six enneads-第119部分

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the　true；　distinct　from　the　intellect；　inseparable　and　unseparating；　which　is　Being　and　the　universe　of　things。　　　　　9。　What；　then；　is　the　content…　inevitably　separated　by　our　minds…　of　this　one　Intellectual…Principle？　For　there　is　no　resource　but　to　represent　the　items　in　accessible　form　just　as　we　study　the　various　articles　constituting　one　science。　　　　　This　universe　is　a　living　thing　capable　of　including　every　form　of　life；　but　its　Being　and　its　modes　are　derived　from　elsewhere；　that　source　is　traced　back　to　the　Intellectual…Principle：　it　follows　that　the　all…embracing　archetype　is　in　the　Intellectual…Principle；　which；　therefore；　must　be　an　intellectual　Kosmos；　that　indicated　by　Plato　in　the　phrase　〃The　living　existent。〃　　　　　Given　the　Reason…Principle　＇the　outgoing　divine　Idea＇　of　a　certain　living　thing　and　the　Matter　to　harbour　this　seed…principle；　the　living　thing　must　come　into　being：　in　the　same　way　once　there　exists…　an　intellective　Nature；　all　powerful；　and　with　nothing　to　check　it…　since　nothing　intervenes　between　it　and　that　which　is　of　a　nature　to　receive　it…　inevitably　the　higher　imprints　form　and　the　lower　accepts；　it。　The　recipient　holds　the　Idea　in　division；　here　man；　there　sun；　while　in　the　giver　all　remains　in　unity。　　　　　10。　All；　then；　that　is　present　in　the　sense　realm　as　Idea　comes　from　the　Supreme。　But　what　is　not　present　as　Idea；　does　not。　Thus　of　things　conflicting　with　nature；　none　is　There：　the　inartistic　is　not　contained　in　the　arts；　lameness　is　not　in　the　seed；　for　a　lame　leg　is　either　inborn　through　some　thwarting　of　the　Reason…principle　or　is　a　marring　of　the　achieved　form　by　accident。　To　that　Intellectual　Kosmos　belong　qualities；　accordant　with　Nature；　and　quantities；　number　and　mass；　origins　and　conditions；　all　actions　and　experiences　not　against　nature；　movement　and　repose；　both　the　universals　and　the　particulars：　but　There　time　is　replaced　by　eternity　and　space　by　its　intellectual　equivalent；　mutual　inclusiveness。　　　　　In　that　Intellectual　Kosmos；　where　all　is　one　total；　every　entity　that　can　be　singled　out　is　an　intellective　essence　and　a　participant　in　life：　thus；　identity　and　difference；　movement　and　rest　with　the　object　resting　or　moving；　essence　and　quality；　all　have　essential　existence。　For　every　real　being　must　be　in　actuality　not　merely　in　potentiality　and　therefore　the　nature　of　each　essence　is　inherent　in　it。　　　　　This　suggests　the　question　whether　the　Intellectual　Kosmos　contains　the　forms　only　of　the　things　of　sense　or　of　other　existents　as　well。　But　first　we　will　consider　how　it　stands　with　artistic　creations：　there　is　no　question　of　an　ideal　archetype　of　evil：　the　evil　of　this　world　is　begotten　of　need；　privation；　deficiency；　and　is　a　condition　peculiar　to　Matter　distressed　and　to　what　has　come　into　likeness　with　Matter。　　　　　11。　Now　as　to　the　arts　and　crafts　and　their　productions：　　　　　The　imitative　arts…　painting；　sculpture；　dancing；　pantomimic　gesturing…　are；　largely；　earth…based；　on　an　earthly　base；　they　follow　models　found　in　sense；　since　they　copy　forms　and　movements　and　reproduce　seen　symmetries；　they　cannot　therefore　be　referred　to　that　higher　sphere　except　indirectly；　through　the　Reason…Principle　in　humanity。　　　　　On　the　other　hand　any　skill　which；　beginning　with　the　observation　of　the　symmetry　of　living　things；　grows　to　the　symmetry　of　all　life；　will　be　a　portion　of　the　Power　There　which　observes　and　meditates　the　symmetry　reigning　among　all　beings　in　the　Intellectual　Kosmos。　Thus　all　music…　since　its　thought　is　upon　melody　and　rhythm…　must　be　the　earthly　representation　of　the　music　there　is　in　the　rhythm　of　the　Ideal　Realm。　　　　　The　crafts；　such　as　building　and　carpentry　which　give　us　Matter　in　wrought　forms；　may　be　said；　in　that　they　draw　on　pattern；　to　take　their　principles　from　that　realm　and　from　the　thinking　There：　but　in　that　they　bring　these　down　into　contact　with　the　sense…order；　they　are　not　wholly　in　the　Intellectual：　they　are　founded　in　man。　So　agriculture；　dealing　with　material　growths：　so　medicine　watching　over　physical　health；　so　the　art　which　aims　at　corporeal　strength　and　well…being：　power　and　well…being　mean　something　else　There；　the　fearlessness　and　self…sufficing　quality　of　all　that　lives。　　　　　Oratory　and　generalship；　administration　and　sovereignty…　under　any　forms　in　which　their　activities　are　associated　with　Good　and　when　they　look　to　that…　possess　something　derived　thence　and　building　up　their　knowledge　from　the　knowledge　There。　　　　　Geometry；　the　science　of　the　Intellectual　entities；　holds　place　There：　so；　too；　philosophy；　whose　high　concern　is　Being。　　　　　For　the　arts　and　products　of　art；　these　observations　may　suffice。　　　　　12。　It　should　however　be　added　that　if　the　Idea　of　man　exists　in　the　Supreme；　there　must　exist　the　Idea　of　reasoning　man　and　of　man　with　his　arts　and　crafts；　such　arts　as　are　the　offspring　of　intellect　Must　be　There。　　　　　It　must　be　observed　that　the　Ideas　will　be　of　universals；　not　of　Socrates　but　of　Man：　though　as　to　man　we　may　enquire　whether　the　individual　may　not　also　have　place　There。　Under　the　heading　of　individuality　there　is　to　be　considered　the　repetition　of　the　same　feature　from　man　to　man；　the　simian　type；　for　example；　and　the　aquiline：　the　aquiline　and　the　simian　must　be　taken　to　be　differences　in　the　Idea　of　Man　as　there　are　different　types　of　the　animal：　but　Matter　also　has　its　effect　in　bringing　about　the　degree　of　aquilinity。　Similarly　with　difference　of　complexion；　determined　partly　by　the　Reason…Principle；　partly　by　Matter　and　by　diversity　of　place。　　　　　13。　It　remains　to　decide　whether　only　what　is　known　in　sense　exists　There　or　whether；　on　the　contrary；　as　Absolute…Man　differs　from　individual　man；　so　there　is　in　the　Supreme　an　Absolute…Soul　differing　from　Soul　and　an　Absolute…Intellect　differing　from　Intellectual…Principle。　　　　　It　must　be　stated　at　the　outset　that　we　cannot　take　all　that　is　here　to　be　image　of　archetype；　or　Soul　to　be　an　image　of　Absolute…Soul：　one　soul；　doubtless；　ranks　higher　than　another；　but　here　too；　though　perhaps　not　as　identified　with　this　realm；　is　the　Absolute…Soul。　　　　　Every　soul；　authentically　a　soul；　has　some　form　of　rightness　and　moral　wisdom；　in　the　souls　within　ourselves　there　is　true　knowing：　and　these　attributes　are　no　images　or　copies　from　the　Supreme；　as　in　the　sense…world；　but　actually　are　those　very　originals　in　a　mode　peculiar　to　this　sphere。　For　those　Beings　are　not　set　apart　in　some　defined　place；　wherever　there　is　a　soul　that　has　risen　from　body；　there　too　these　are：　the　world　of　sense　is　one…　where；　the　Intellectual　Kosmos　is　everywhere。　Whatever　the　freed　soul　attains　to　here；　that　it　is　There。　　　　　Thus；　if　by　the　content　of　the　sense…world　we　mean　simply　the　visible　objects；　then　the　Supreme　contains　not　only　what　is　in　the　realm　of　sense　but　more：　if　in　the　content　of　the　kosmos　we　mean　to　include　Soul　and　the　Soul…things；　then　all　is　here　that　is　There。　　　　　14。　There　is；　thus；　a　Nature　comprehending　in　the　Intellectual　all　that　exists；　and　this　Principle　must　be　the　source　of　all。　But　how；　seeing　that　the　veritable　source　must　be　a　unity；　simplex　utterly？　　　　　The　mode　by　which　from　the　unity　arises　the　multiple；　how　all　this　universe　comes　to　be；　why　the　Intellectual…Principle　is　all　and　whence　it　springs；　these　matters　demand　another　approach。　　　　　But　on　the　question　as　to　whether　the　repulsive　and　the　products　of　putridity　have　also　their　Idea…　whether　there　is　an　Idea　of　filth　and　mud…　it　is　to　be　observed　that　all　that　the　Intellectual…Principle　derived　from　The　First　is　of　the　noblest；　in　those　Ideas　the　base　is　not　included：　these　repulsive　things　point　not　to　the　Intellectual…Principle　but　to　the　Soul　which；　drawing　upon　the　Intellectual…Principle；　takes　from　Matter　certain　other　things；　and　among　them　these。　　　　　But　all　this　will　be　more　clearly　brought　out；　when　we　turn　to　the　problem　of　the　production　of　multiplicity　from　unity。　Compounds；　we　shall　see…　as　owing　existence　to　hazard　and　not　to　the　Intellectual…Principle；　having　been　fused　into　objects　of　sense　by　their　own　impulse…　are　not　to　be　included　under　Ideas。　　　　　The　products　of　putrefaction　are　to　be　traced　to　the　Soul's　inability　to　bring　some　other　thing　to　being…　something　in　the　order　of　nature；　which；　else；　it　would…　but　producing　where　it　may。　In　the　matter　of　the　arts　and　crafts；　all　that　are　to　be　traced　to　the　needs　of　human　nature　are　laid　up　in　the　Absolute　Man。　　　　　And　before　the　particular　Soul　there　is　another　Soul；　a　universal；　and；　before　that；　an　Absolute…Soul；　which　is　the　Life　existing　in　the　Intellectual…Principle　before　Soul　came　to　be　and　therefore　rightly　called　＇as　the　Life　in　the　Divine＇　the　Absolute…Soul。　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　THE　SIXTH　ENNEAD。

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　FIRST　TRACTATE。

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　ON　THE　KINDS　OF　BEING…　（1）。

　　　　1。　Philosophy　at　a　very　early　stage　investigated　the　number　and　character　of　the　Existents。　Various　theories　resulted：　some　declared　for　one　Existent；　others　for　a　finite　number；　others　again　for　an　infinite　number；　while　as　regards　the　nature　of　the　Existents…　one；　numerically　finite；　or　numerically　infinite…　there　was　a　similar　disagreement。　These　theories；　in　so　far　as　they　have　been　adequately　examined　by　later　workers；　may　be　passed　over　here；　our　attention　must　be　directed　upon　the　results　of　those　whose　examination　has　led　them　to　posit　on　their　awn　account　certain　well…defined　genera。　　　　　These　thinkers　rejected　pure　unity　on　the　ground　of　the　plurality　observed　even　in　the　Intellectual　world；　they　rejected　an　infinite　number　as　not　reconcilable　with　the　facts　and　as　defying　knowledge：　considering　the　foundations　of　being　to　be　〃genera〃　rather　than　elements　strictly　so　called；　they　concluded　for　a　finite　number。　Of　these　〃genera〃　some　found　ten；　others　less；　others　no　doubt　more。　　　　　But　here　again　there　is　a　divergence　of　views。　To　some　the　genera　are　first…principles；　to　others　they　indicate　only　a　generic　classification　of　the　Existents　themselves。　　　　　Let　us　begin　with　the　well…known　tenfold　division　of　the　Existents；　and　consider　whether　we　are　to　understand　ten　genera　ranged　under　the　common　name　of　Being；　or　ten　categories。　That　the　term　Being　has　not　the　same　sense　in　all　ten　is　rightly　maintained。　　　　　But　a　graver　problem　confronts　us