the six enneads-第151部分

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is　to　be　a　manifold　there　must　be　a　precedent　unity。　To　talk　of　a　manifold　is　to　talk　of　what　has　something　added　to　unity；　to　think　of　an　army　is　to　think　of　a　multitude　under　arms　and　brought　to　unity。　In　refusing　to　allow　the　manifold　to　remain　manifold；　the　mind　makes　the　truth　clear；　it　draws　a　separate　many　into　one；　either　supplying　a　unity　not　present　or　keen　to　perceive　the　unity　brought　about　by　the　ordering　of　the　parts；　in　an　army；　even；　the　unity　is　not　a　fiction　but　as　real　as　that　of　a　building　erected　from　many　stones；　though　of　course　the　unity　of　the　house　is　more　compact。　　　　　If；　then；　unity　is　more　pronounced　in　the　continuous；　and　more　again　where　there　is　no　separation　by　part；　this　is　clearly　because　there　exists；　in　real　existence；　something　which　is　a　Nature　or　Principle　of　Unity。　There　cannot　be　a　greater　and　less　in　the　non…existent：　as　we　predicate　Substance　of　everything　in　sense；　but　predicate　it　also　of　the　Intellectual　order　and　more　strictly　there…　since　we　hold　that　the　greater　and　more　sovereign　substantiality　belongs　to　the　Real　Beings　and　that　Being　is　more　marked　in　Substance；　even　sensible　Substance；　than　in　the　other　Kinds…　so；　finding　unity　to　exhibit　degree　of　more　and　less；　differing　in　sense…things　as　well　as　in　the　Intellectual；　we　must　similarly　admit　that　Unity　exists　under　all　forms　though　still　by　reference；　only；　to　that　primal　Unity。　　　　　As　Substance　and　Real　Being；　despite　the　participation　of　the　sensible；　are　still　of　the　Intellectual　and　not　the　sensible　order；　so　too　the　unity　observed　present　in　things　of　sense　by　participation　remains　still　an　Intellectual　and　to　be　grasped　by　an　Intellectual　Act。　The　mind；　from　a　thing　present　to　it；　comes　to　knowledge　of　something　else；　a　thing　not　presented；　that　is；　it　has　a　prior　knowledge。　By　this　prior　knowledge　it　recognises　Being　in　a　particular　being；　similarly　when　a　thing　is　one　it　can　affirm　unity　as　it　can　affirm　also　duality　and　multiplicity。　　　　　It　is　impossible　to　name　or　conceive　anything　not　making　one　or　two　or　some　number；　equally　impossible　that　the　thing　should　not　exist　without　which　nothing　can　possibly　be　named　or　conceived；　impossible　to　deny　the　reality　of　that　whose　existence　is　a　necessary　condition　of　naming　or　affirming　anything；　what　is　a　first　need；　universally；　to　the　formation　of　every　concept　and　every　proposition　must　exist　before　reasoning　and　thinking；　only　as　an　existent　can　it　be　cited　to　account　for　the　stirring　of　thought。　If　Unity　is　necessary　to　the　substantial　existence　of　all　that　really　is…　and　nothing　exists　which　is　not　one…　Unity　must　precede　Reality　and　be　its　author。　It　is　therefore；　an　existent　Unity；　not　an　existent　that　develops　Unity；　considered　as　Being…with…Unity　it　would　be　a　manifold；　whereas　in　the　pure　Unity　there　is　no　Being　save　in　so　far　as　Unity　attends　to　producing　it。　As　regards　the　word　〃This；〃　it　is　nat　a　bare　word；　it　affirms　an　indicated　existence　without　using　the　name；　it　tells　of　a　certain　presence；　whether　a　substance　or　some　other　existent；　any　This　must　be　significant；　it　is　no　attitude　of　the　mind　applying　itself　to　a　non…existent；　the　This　shows　a　thing　present；　as　much　as　if　we　used　the　strict　name　of　the　object。　　　　　14。　To　the　argument　touching　relation　we　have　an　answer　surely　legitimate：　　　　　The　Unity　is　not　of　a　nature　to　lose　its　own　manner　of　being　only　because　something　else　stands　in　a　state　which　it　does　not　itself　share；　to　stray　from　its　unity　it　must　itself　suffer　division　into　duality　or　the　still　wider　plurality。　　　　　If　by　division　the　one　identical　mass　can　become　a　duality　without　loss　of　quantity；　clearly　the　unity　it　possessed　and　by　this　destructive　division　lost　was　something　distinct。　What　may　be　alternatively　present　and　absent　to　the　same　subject　must　be　classed　among　Real…Beings；　regardless　of　position；　an　accidental　elsewhere；　it　must　have　reality　in　itself　whether　it　be　manifested　in　things　of　sense　or　in　the　Intellectual…　an　accidental　in　the　Laters　but　self…existent　in　the　higher；　especially　in　the　First　in　its　aspect　of　Unity　developing　into　Being。　We　may　be　told　that　Unity　may　lose　that　character　without　change　in　itself；　becoming　duality　by　association　with　something　else；　but　this　is　not　true；　unity　does　not　become　two　things；　neither　the　added　nor　what　takes　the　addition　becomes　two；　each　remains　the　one　thing　it　was；　the　duality　is　predicable　of　the　group　only；　the　unity　remaining　unchanged　in　each　of　those　unchanged　constituents。　　　　　Two　and　the　Dyad　are　not　essentially　relative：　if　the　only　condition　to　the　construction　of　duality　were　meeting　and　association　such　a　relation　might　perhaps　constitute　Twoness　and　Duality；　but　in　fact　we　see　Duality　produced　by　the　very　opposite　process；　by　the　splitting　apart　of　a　unity。　This　shows　that　duality…　or　any　other　such　numerical　form…　is　no　relation　produced　either　by　scission　or　association。　If　one　configuration　produces　a　certain　thing　it　is　impossible　that　the　opposite　should　produce　the　same　so　that　the　thing　may　be　identified　with　the　relation。　　　　　What　then　is　the　actual　cause？　　　　　Unity　is　due　to　the　presence　of　Unity；　duality　to　that　of　Duality；　it　is　precisely　as　things　are　white　by　Whiteness；　just　by　Justice；　beautiful　by　Beauty。　Otherwise　we　must　reject　these　universals　and　call　in　relation　here　also：　justice　would　arise　from　a　certain　attitude　in　a　given　situation；　Beauty　from　a　certain　pattern　of　the　person　with　nothing　present　able　to　produce　the　beauty；　nothing　coming　from　without　to　effect　that　agreeable　appearance。　　　　　You　see　something　which　you　pronounce　to　be　a　unity；　that　thing　possesses　also　size；　form；　and　a　host　of　other　characteristics　you　might　name；　size；　bulk；　sweetness；　bitterness　and　other　Ideas　are　actually　present　in　the　thing；　it　surely　cannot　be　thought　that；　while　every　conceivable　quality　has　Real…Being；　quantity　＇Number＇　has　not　and　that　while　continuous　quantity　exists；　discrete　quantity　does　not　and　this　though　continuous　quantity　is　measured　by　the　discrete。　No：　as　size　by　the　presence　of　Magnitude；　and　Oneness　by　the　presence　of　Unity；　so　with　Duality　and　all　the　other　numerical　modes。　　　　　As　to　the　How　of　participation；　the　enquiry　is　that　of　all　participation　in　Ideal　Forms；　we　must　note；　however；　that　the　presence　of　the　Decad　in　the　looser　totals　is　different　from　its　presence　in　the　continuous；　there　is　difference　again　in　its　presence　within　many　powers　where　multiplicity　is　concentred　in　unity；　arrived　at　the　Intellectuals；　there　too　we　discover　Number；　the　Authentic　Number；　no　longer　entering　the　alien；　Decad…Absolute　not　Decad　of　some　particular　Intellectual　group。　　　　　15。　We　must　repeat：　The　Collective　Being；　the　Authentic；　There；　is　at　once　Being　and　Intellectual…Principle　and　the　Complete　Living　Form；　thus　it　includes　the　total　of　living　things；　the　Unity　There　is　reproduced　by　the　unity　of　this　living　universe　in　the　degree　possible　to　it…　for　the　sense…nature　as　such　cannot　compass　that　transcendental　unity…　thus　that　Living…All　is　inevitably　Number…Entire：　if　the　Number　were　not　complete；　the　All　would　be　deficient　to　the　extent　of　some　number；　and　if　every　number　applicable　to　living　things　were　not　contained　in　it；　it　would　not　be　the　all…comprehending　Life…Form。　Therefore；　Number　exists　before　every　living　thing；　before　the　collective　Life…Form。　　　　　Again：　Man　exists　in　the　Intellectual　and　with　him　all　other　living　things；　both　by　possession　of　Real…Being　and　because　that　is　the　Life…Form　Complete。　Even　the　man　of　this　sphere　is　a　member　of　the　Intellectual　since　that　is　the　Life…Form　Complete；　every　living　thing　by　virtue　of　having　life；　is　There；　There　in　the　Life…form；　and　man　is　There　also；　in　the　Intellectual；　in　so　far　as　he　is　intellect；　for　all　intelligences　are　severally　members　of　That。　Now　all　this　means　Number　There。　Yet　even　in　Intellect　Number　is　not　present　primally；　its　presence　There　is　the　reckoning　of　the　Acts　of　Intellectual…Principle；　it　tallies　with　the　justice　in　Intellectual…Principle；　its　moral　wisdom；　its　virtues；　its　knowledge；　all　whose　possession　makes　That　Principle　what　it　is。　　　　　But　knowledge…　must　not　this　imply　presence　to　the　alien？　No；　knowledge；　known　and　knower　are　an　identity；　so　with　all　the　rest；　every　member　of　Intellectual…Principle　is　therefore　present　to　it　primally；　justice；　for　example；　is　not　accidental　to　it　as　to　soul　in　its　character　as　soul；　where　these　virtues　are　mainly　potential　becoming　actual　by　the　intention　towards　Intellectual…Principle　and　association　with　it。　　　　　Next　we　come　to　Being；　fully　realized；　and　this　is　the　seat　of　Number；　by　Number；　Being　brings　forth　the　Beings；　its　movement　is　planned　to　Number；　it　establishes　the　numbers　of　its　offspring　before　bringing　them　to　be；　in　the　same　way　as　it　establishes　its　own　unity　by　linking　pure　Being　to　the　First：　the　numbers　do　not　link　the　lower　to　the　First；　it　suffices　that　Being　is　so　linked；　for　Being；　in　taking　form　as　Number；　binds　its　members　to　itself。　As　a　unity；　it　suffers　no　division；　remaining　self…constant；　as　a　thing　of　division；　containing　its　chosen　total　of　members；　it　knows　that　total　and　so　brings　forth　Number；　a　phase　therefore　of　its　content：　its　development　of　part　is　ruled　by　the　powers　of　Number；　and　the　Beings　it　produces　sum　to　that　Number。　Thus　Number；　the　primal　and　true；　is　Principle　and　source　of　actuality　to　the　Beings。　　　　　Hence　it　is　that　in　our　sphere；　also；　Number　accompanies　the　coming　to　be　of　particular　things　and　to　suppose　another　number　than　the　actual　is　to　suppose　the　production　of　something　else　or　of　nothing。　　　　　These　then　are　the　primal　numbers；　they　are　numerable；　the　numbers　of　the　other　order　are　of　a　double　character；　as　derived　from　the　first　numbers　they　are　themselves　numerable　but　as　acting　for　those　first　they　are　measures　of　the　rest　of　things；　numbering　numbers　and　numerables。　For　how　could　they　declare　a　Decad　save　in　the　light　of　numbers　within　themselves？　　　　　16。　But　here　we　may　be　questioned　about　these　numbers　which　we　describe　as　the　primal　and　authentic：　　　　　〃Where　do　you　place　these　numbers；　in　what　genus　among　Beings？　To　everyone　they　seem　to　come　under　Quantity　and　you　have　certainly　brought　Quantity　in；　where　you　say　that　discrete　Quantity　equally　with　the