the six enneads-第97部分

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　sequence　are　transferred；　for　clarity　of　exposition；　to　things　whose　being　and　definite　form　are　eternal。　　　　　5。　It　is　possible　to　reconcile　all　these　apparent　contradictions…　the　divine　sowing　to　birth；　as　opposed　to　a　voluntary　descent　aiming　at　the　completion　of　the　universe；　the　judgement　and　the　cave；　necessity　and　free　choice…　in　fact　the　necessity　includes　the　choice…embodiment　as　an　evil；　the　Empedoclean　teaching　of　a　flight　from　God；　a　wandering　away；　a　sin　bringing　its　punishment；　the　〃solace　by　flight〃　of　Heraclitus；　in　a　word　a　voluntary　descent　which　is　also　voluntary。　　　　　All　degeneration　is　no　doubt　involuntary；　yet　when　it　has　been　brought　about　by　an　inherent　tendency；　that　submission　to　the　inferior　may　be　described　as　the　penalty　of　an　act。　　　　　On　the　other　hand　these　experiences　and　actions　are　determined　by　an　external　law　of　nature；　and　they　are　due　to　the　movement　of　a　being　which　in　abandoning　its　superior　is　running　out　to　serve　the　needs　of　another：　hence　there　is　no　inconsistency　or　untruth　in　saying　that　the　soul　is　sent　down　by　God；　final　results　are　always　to　be　referred　to　the　starting　point　even　across　many　intervening　stages。　　　　　Still　there　is　a　twofold　flaw：　the　first　lies　in　the　motive　of　the　Soul's　descent　＇its　audacity；　its　Tolma＇；　and　the　second　in　the　evil　it　does　when　actually　here：　the　first　is　punished　by　what　the　soul　has　suffered　by　its　descent：　for　the　faults　committed　here；　the　lesser　penalty　is　to　enter　into　body　after　body…　and　soon　to　return…　by　judgement　according　to　desert；　the　word　judgement　indicating　a　divine　ordinance；　but　any　outrageous　form　of　ill…doing　incurs　a　proportionately　greater　punishment　administered　under　the　surveillance　of　chastising　daimons。　　　　　Thus；　in　sum；　the　soul；　a　divine　being　and　a　dweller　in　the　loftier　realms；　has　entered　body；　it　is　a　god；　a　later　phase　of　the　divine：　but；　under　stress　of　its　powers　and　of　its　tendency　to　bring　order　to　its　next　lower；　it　penetrates　to　this　sphere　in　a　voluntary　plunge：　if　it　turns　back　quickly；　all　is　well；　it　will　have　taken　no　hurt　by　acquiring　the　knowledge　of　evil　and　coming　to　understand　what　sin　is；　by　bringing　its　forces　into　manifest　play；　by　exhibiting　those　activities　and　productions　which；　remaining　merely　potential　in　the　unembodied；　might　as　well　never　have　been　even　there；　if　destined　never　to　come　into　actuality；　so　that　the　soul　itself　would　never　have　known　that　suppressed　and　inhibited　total。　　　　　The　act　reveals　the　power；　a　power　hidden；　and　we　might　almost　say　obliterated　or　nonexistent；　unless　at　some　moment　it　became　effective：　in　the　world　as　it　is；　the　richness　of　the　outer　stirs　us　all　to　the　wonder　of　the　inner　whose　greatness　is　displayed　in　acts　so　splendid。　　　　　6。　Something　besides　a　unity　there　must　be　or　all　would　be　indiscernibly　buried；　shapeless　within　that　unbroken　whole：　none　of　the　real　beings　＇of　the　Intellectual　Kosmos＇　would　exist　if　that　unity　remained　at　halt　within　itself：　the　plurality　of　these　beings；　offspring　of　the　unity；　could　not　exist　without　their　own　nexts　taking　the　outward　path；　these　are　the　beings　holding　the　rank　of　souls。　　　　　In　the　same　way　the　outgoing　process　could　not　end　with　the　souls；　their　issue　stifled：　every　Kind　must　produce　its　next；　it　must　unfold　from　some　concentrated　central　principle　as　from　a　seed；　and　so　advance　to　its　term　in　the　varied　forms　of　sense。　The　prior　in　its　being　will　remain　unalterably　in　the　native　seat；　but　there　is　the　lower　phase；　begotten　to　it　by　an　ineffable　faculty　of　its　being；　native　to　soul　as　it　exists　in　the　Supreme。　　　　　To　this　power　we　cannot　impute　any　halt；　any　limit　of　jealous　grudging；　it　must　move　for　ever　outward　until　the　universe　stands　accomplished　to　the　ultimate　possibility。　All；　thus；　is　produced　by　an　inexhaustible　power　giving　its　gift　to　the　universe；　no　part　of　which　it　can　endure　to　see　without　some　share　in　its　being。　　　　　There　is；　besides；　no　principle　that　can　prevent　anything　from　partaking；　to　the　extent　of　its　own　individual　receptivity　in　the　Nature　of　Good。　If　therefore　Matter　has　always　existed；　that　existence　is　enough　to　ensure　its　participation　in　the　being　which；　according　to　each　receptivity；　communicates　the　supreme　good　universally：　if　on　the　contrary；　Matter　has　come　into　being　as　a　necessary　sequence　of　the　causes　preceding　it；　that　origin　would　similarly　prevent　it　standing　apart　from　the　scheme　as　though　it　were　out　of　reach　of　the　principle　to　whose　grace　it　owes　its　existence。　　　　　In　sum：　The　loveliness　that　is　in　the　sense…realm　is　an　index　of　the　nobleness　of　the　Intellectual　sphere；　displaying　its　power　and　its　goodness　alike：　and　all　things　are　for　ever　linked；　the　one　order　Intellectual　in　its　being；　the　other　of　sense；　one　self…existent；　the　other　eternally　taking　its　being　by　participation　in　that　first；　and　to　the　full　of　its　power　reproducing　the　Intellectual　nature。　　　　　7。　The　Kind；　then；　with　which　we　are　dealing　is　twofold；　the　Intellectual　against　the　sensible：　better　for　the　soul　to　dwell　in　the　Intellectual；　but；　given　its　proper　nature；　it　is　under　compulsion　to　participate　in　the　sense…realm　also。　There　is　no　grievance　in　its　not　being；　through　and　through；　the　highest；　it　holds　mid…rank　among　the　authentic　existences；　being　of　divine　station　but　at　the　lowest　extreme　of　the　Intellectual　and　skirting　the　sense…known　nature；　thus；　while　it　communicates　to　this　realm　something　of　its　own　store；　it　absorbs　in　turn　whenever…　instead　of　employing　in　its　government　only　its　safeguarded　phase…　it　plunges　in　an　excessive　zeal　to　the　very　midst　of　its　chosen　sphere；　then　it　abandons　its　status　as　whole　soul　with　whole　soul；　though　even　thus　it　is　always　able　to　recover　itself　by　turning　to　account　the　experience　of　what　it　has　seen　and　suffered　here；　learning；　so；　the　greatness　of　rest　in　the　Supreme；　and　more　clearly　discerning　the　finer　things　by　comparison　with　what　is　almost　their　direct　antithesis。　Where　the　faculty　is　incapable　of　knowing　without　contact；　the　experience　of　evil　brings　the　dearer　perception　of　Good。　　　　　The　outgoing　that　takes　place　in　the　Intellectual…Principle　is　a　descent　to　its　own　downward　ultimate：　it　cannot　be　a　movement　to　the　transcendent；　operating　necessarily　outwards　from　itself；　wherein　it　may　not　stay　inclosed；　the　need　and　law　of　Nature　bring　it　to　its　extreme　term；　to　soul…　to　which　it　entrusts　all　the　later　stages　of　being　while　itself　turns　back　on　its　course。　　　　　The　soul's　operation　is　similar：　its　next　lower　act　is　this　universe：　its　immediate　higher　is　the　contemplation　of　the　Authentic　Existences。　To　individual　souls　such　divine　operation　takes　place　only　at　one　of　their　phases　and　by　a　temporal　process　when　from　the　lower　in　which　they　reside　they　turn　towards　the　noblest；　but　that　soul；　which　we　know　as　the　All…Soul；　has　never　entered　the　lower　activity；　but；　immune　from　evil；　has　the　property　of　knowing　its　lower　by　inspection；　while　it　still　cleaves　continuously　to　the　beings　above　itself；　thus　its　double　task　becomes　possible；　it　takes　thence　and；　since　as　soul　it　cannot　escape　touching　this　sphere；　it　gives　hither。　　　　　8。　And…　if　it　is　desirable　to　venture　the　more　definite　statement　of　a　personal　conviction　clashing　with　the　general　view…　even　our　human　soul　has　not　sunk　entire；　something　of　it　is　continuously　in　the　Intellectual　Realm；　though　if　that　part；　which　is　in　this　sphere　of　sense；　hold　the　mastery；　or　rather　be　mastered　here　and　troubled；　it　keeps　us　blind　to　what　the　upper　phase　holds　in　contemplation。　　　　　The　object　of　the　Intellectual　Act　comes　within　our　ken　only　when　it　reaches　downward　to　the　level　of　sensation：　for　not　all　that　occurs　at　any　part　of　the　soul　is　immediately　known　to　us；　a　thing　must；　for　that　knowledge；　be　present　to　the　total　soul；　thus　desire　locked　up　within　the　desiring　faculty　remains　unknown　except　when　we　make　it　fully　ours　by　the　central　faculty　of　perception；　or　by　the　individual　choice　or　by　both　at　once。　Once　more；　every　soul　has　something　of　the　lower　on　the　body　side　and　something　of　the　higher　on　the　side　of　the　Intellectual…Principle。　　　　　The　Soul　of　the　All；　as　an　entirety；　governs　the　universe　through　that　part　of　it　which　leans　to　the　body　side；　but　since　it　does　not　exercise　a　will　based　on　calculation　as　we　do…　but　proceeds　by　purely　intellectual　act　as　in　the　execution　of　an　artistic　conception…　its　ministrance　is　that　of　a　labourless　overpoising；　only　its　lowest　phase　being　active　upon　the　universe　it　embellishes。　　　　　The　souls　that　have　gone　into　division　and　become　appropriated　to　some　thing　partial　have　also　their　transcendent　phase；　but　are　preoccupied　by　sensation；　and　in　the　mere　fact　of　exercising　perception　they　take　in　much　that　clashes　with　their　nature　and　brings　distress　and　trouble　since　the　object　of　their　concern　is　partial；　deficient；　exposed　to　many　alien　influences；　filled　with　desires　of　its　own　and　taking　its　pleasure；　that　pleasure　which　is　its　lure。　　　　　But　there　is　always　the　other；　that　which　finds　no　savour　in　passing　pleasure；　but　holds　its　own　even　way。　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　NINTH　TRACTATE。

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　ARE　ALL　SOULS　ONE？。

　　　　1。　That　the　Soul　of　every　individual　is　one　thing　we　deduce　from　the　fact　that　it　is　present　entire　at　every　point　of　the　body…　the　sign　of　veritable　unity…　not　some　part　of　it　here　and　another　part　there。　In　all　sensitive　beings　the　sensitive　soul　is　an　omnipresent　unity；　and　so　in　the　forms　of　vegetal　life　the　vegetal　soul　is　entire　at　each　several　point　throughout　the　organism。　　　　　Now　are　we　to　hold　similarly　that　your　soul　and　mine　and　all　are　one；　and　that　the　same　thing　is　true　of　the　universe；　the　soul　in　all　the　several　forms　of　life　being　one　soul；　not　parcelled　out　in　separate　items；　but　an　omnipresent　identity？　　　　　If　the　soul　in　me　is　a　unity；　why　need　that　in　the　universe　be　otherwise　seeing　that　there　is　no　longer　any　question　of　bulk　or　body？　And　if　that；　too；　is　one　soul　and　yours；　and　mine；　belongs　to　it；　then　yours　and　mine　must　also　be　one：　and　if；　again；　the　soul　of　the　universe　and　mine　depend　from　one　soul；　once　more　all　must　be　one。　　　　　What　then　in　itself　is　this　one　soul？　　　　　First　we　must　assure　ourselves　of　the　possibility　of　all　souls　being　one　as　that　of　any　given　individual