hero tales from american history-第3部分

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'T　is　true　he　shrank　from　men；　even　of　his　nation；　　When　they　built　up　unto　his　darling　trees；　He　moved　some　hundred　miles　off；　for　a　station　　Where　there　were　fewer　houses　and　more　ease；

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But　where　he　met　the　individual　man；　He　showed　himself　as　kind　as　mortal　can。

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The　freeborn　forest　found　and　kept　them　free；　And　fresh　as　is　a　torrent　or　a　tree。

And　tall；　and　strong；　and　swift　of　foot　were　they；　　Beyond　the　dwarfing　city's　pale　abortions；　Because　their　thoughts　had　never　been　the　prey　　Of　care　or　gain；　the　green　woods　were　their　portions

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Simple　they　were；　not　savage；　and　their　rifles；　Though　very　true；　were　yet　not　used　for　trifles。

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Serene；　not　sullen；　were　the　solitudes　Of　this　unsighing　people　of　the　woods。　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　Byron。



DANIEL　BOONE　AND　THE　FOUNDING　OF　KENTUCKY

Daniel　Boone　will　always　occupy　a　unique　place　in　our　history　as　the　archetype　of　the　hunter　and　wilderness　wanderer。　He　was　a　true　pioneer；　and　stood　at　the　head　of　that　class　of　Indian…fighters；　game…hunters；　forest…fellers；　and　backwoods　farmers　who；　generation　after　generation；　pushed　westward　the　border　of　civilization　from　the　Alleghanies　to　the　Pacific。　As　he　himself　said；　he　was　〃an　instrument　ordained　of　God　to　settle　the　wilderness。〃　Born　in　Pennsylvania；　he　drifted　south　into　western　North　Carolina；　and　settled　on　what　was　then　the　extreme　frontier。　There　he　married；　built　a　log　cabin；　and　hunted；　chopped　trees；　and　tilled　the　ground　like　any　other　frontiersman。　The　Alleghany　Mountains　still　marked　a　boundary　beyond　which　the　settlers　dared　not　go；　for　west　of　them　lay　immense　reaches　of　frowning　forest；　uninhabited　save　by　bands　of　warlike　Indians。　Occasionally　some　venturesome　hunter　or　trapper　penetrated　this　immense　wilderness；　and　returned　with　strange　stories　of　what　he　had　seen　and　done。

In　1769　Boone；　excited　by　these　vague　and　wondrous　tales；　determined　himself　to　cross　the　mountains　and　find　out　what　manner　of　land　it　was　that　lay　beyond。　With　a　few　chosen　companions　he　set　out；　making　his　own　trail　through　the　gloomy　forest。　After　weeks　of　wandering；　he　at　last　emerged　into　the　beautiful　and　fertile　country　of　Kentucky；　for　which；　in　after　years；　the　red　men　and　the　white　strove　with　such　obstinate　fury　that　it　grew　to　be　called　〃the　dark　and　bloody　ground。〃　But　when　Boone　first　saw　it；　it　was　a　fair　and　smiling　land　of　groves　and　glades　and　running　waters；　where　the　open　forest　grew　tall　and　beautiful；　and　where　innumerable　herds　of　game　grazed；　roaming　ceaselessly　to　and　fro　along　the　trails　they　had　trodden　during　countless　generations。　Kentucky　was　not　owned　by　any　Indian　tribe；　and　was　visited　only　by　wandering　war…parties　and　hunting…parties　who　came　from　among　the　savage　nations　living　north　of　the　Ohio　or　south　of　the　Tennessee。

A　roving　war…party　stumbled　upon　one　of　Boone's　companions　and　killed　him；　and　the　others　then　left　Boone　and　journeyed　home；　but　his　brother　came　out　to　join　him；　and　the　two　spent　the　winter　together。　Self…reliant；　fearless；　and　the　frowning　defiles　of　Cumberland　Gap；　they　were　attacked　by　Indians；　and　driven　backtwo　of　Boone's　own　sons　being　slain。　In　1775；　however；　he　made　another　attempt；　and　this　attempt　was　successful。　The　Indians　attacked　the　newcomers；　but　by　this　time　the　parties　of　would…be　settlers　were　sufficiently　numerous　to　hold　their　own。　They　beat　back　the　Indians；　and　built　rough　little　hamlets；　surrounded　by　log　stockades；　at　Boonesborough　and　Harrodsburg；　and　the　permanent　settlement　of　Kentucky　had　begun。

The　next　few　years　were　passed　by　Boone　amid　unending　Indian　conflicts。　He　was　a　leader　among　the　settlers；　both　in　peace　and　in　war。　At　one　time　he　represented　them　in　the　House　of　Burgesses　of　Virginia；　at　another　time　he　was　a　member　of　the　first　little　Kentucky　parliament　itself；　and　he　became　a　colonel　of　the　frontier　militia。　He　tilled　the　land；　and　he　chopped　the　trees　himself；　he　helped　to　build　the　cabins　and　stockades　with　his　own　hands；　wielding　the　longhandled；　light…headed　frontier　ax　as　skilfully　as　other　frontiersmen。　His　main　business　was　that　of　surveyor；　for　his　knowledge　of　the　country；　and　his　ability　to　travel　through　it；　in　spite　of　the　danger　from　Indians；　created　much　demand　for　his　services　among　people　who　wished　to　lay　off　tracts　of　wild　land　for　their　own　future　use。　But　whatever　he　did；　and　wherever　he　went；　he　had　to　be　sleeplessly　on　the　lookout　for　his　Indian　foes。　When　he　and　his　fellows　tilled　the　stump…dotted　fields　of　corn；　one　or　more　of　the　party　were　always　on　guard；　with　weapon　at　the　ready；　for　fear　of　lurking　savages。　When　he　went　to　the　House　of　Burgesses　he　carried　his　long　rifle；　and　traversed　roads　not　a　mile　of　which　was　free　from　the　danger　of　Indian　attack。　The　settlements　in　the　early　years　depended　exclusively　upon　game　for　their　meat；　and　Boone　was　the　mightiest　of　all　the　hunters；　so　that　upon　him　devolved　the　task　of　keeping　his　people　supplied。　He　killed　many　buffaloes；　and　pickled　the　buffalo　beef　for　use　in　winter。　He　killed　great　numbers　of　black　bear；　and　made　bacon　of　them；　precisely　as　if　they　had　been　hogs。　The　common　game　were　deer　and　elk。　At　that　time　none　of　the　hunters　of　Kentucky　would　waste　a　shot　on　anything　so　small　as　a　prairie…chicken　or　wild　duck；　but　they　sometimes　killed　geese　and　swans　when　they　came　south　in　winter　and　lit　on　the　rivers。

But　whenever　Boone　went　into　the　woods　after　game；　he　had　perpetually　to　keep　watch　lest　he　himself　might　be　hunted　in　turn。　He　never　lay　in　wait　at　a　game…lick；　save　with　ears　strained　to　hear　the　approach　of　some　crawling　red　foe。　He　never　crept　up　to　a　turkey　he　heard　calling；　without　exercising　the　utmost　care　to　see　that　it　was　not　an　Indian；　for　one　of　the　favorite　devices　of　the　Indians　was　to　imitate　the　turkey　call；　and　thus　allure　within　range　some　inexperienced　hunter。

Besides　this　warfare；　which　went　on　in　the　midst　of　his　usual　vocations；　Boone　frequently　took　the　field　on　set　expeditions　against　the　savages。　Once　when　he　and　a　party　of　other　men　were　making　salt　at　a　lick；　they　were　surprised　and　carried　off　by　the　Indians。　The　old　hunter　was　a　prisoner　with　them　for　some　months；　but　finally　made　his　escape　and　came　home　through　the　trackless　woods　as　straight　as　the　wild　pigeon　flies。　He　was　ever　on　the　watch　to　ward　off　the　Indian　inroads；　and　to　follow　the　warparties；　and　try　to　rescue　the　prisoners。　Once　his　own　daughter；　and　two　other　girls　who　were　with　her；　were　carried　off　by　a　band　of　Indians。　Boone　raised　some　friends　and　followed　the　trail　steadily　for　two　days　and　a　night；　then　they　came　to　where　the　Indians　had　killed　a　buffalo　calf　and　were　camped　around　it。　Firing　from　a　little　distance；　the　whites　shot　two　of　the　Indians；　and；　rushing　in；　rescued　the　girls。　On　another　occasion；　when　Boone　had　gone　to　visit　a　salt…lick　with　his　brother；　the　Indians　ambushed　them　and　shot　the　latter。　Boone　himself　escaped；　but　the　Indians　followed　him　for　three　miles　by　the　aid　of　a　tracking　dog；　until　Boone　turned；　shot　the　dog；　and　then　eluded　his　pursuers。　In　company　with　Simon　Kenton　and　many　other　noted　hunters　and　wilderness　warriors；　he　once　and　again　took　part　in　expeditions　into　the　Indian　country；　where　they　killed　the　braves　and　drove　off　the　horses。　Twice　bands　of　Indians；　accompanied　by　French；　Tory；　and　British　partizans　from　Detroit；　bearing　the　flag　of　Great　Britain；　attacked　Boonesboroug。　In　each　case　Boone　and　his　fellowsettlers　beat　them　off　with　loss。　At　the　fatal　battle　of　the　Blue　Licks；　in　which　two　hundred　of　the　best　riflemen　of　Kentucky　were　beaten　with　terrible　slaughter　by　a　great　force　of　Indians　from　the　lakes；　Boone　commanded　the　left　wing。　Leading　his　men；　rifle　in　hand；　he　pushed　back　and　overthrew　the　force　against　him；　but　meanwhile　the　Indians　destroyed　the　right　wing　and　center；　and　got　round　in　his　rear；　so　that　there　was　nothing　left　for　Boone's　men　except　to　flee　with　all　possible　speed。

As　Kentucky　became　settled；　Boone　grew　restless　and　ill　at　ease。　He　loved　the　wilderness；　he　loved　the　great　forests　and　the　great　prairielike　glades；　and　the　life　in　the　little　lonely　cabin；　where　from　the　door　he　could　see　the　deer　come　out　into　the　clearing　at　nightfall。　The　neighborhood　of　his　own　kind　made　him　feel　cramped　and　ill　at　ease。　So　he　moved　ever　westward　with　the　frontier；　and　as　Kentucky　filled　up　he　crossed　the　Mississippi　and　settled　on　the　borders　of　the　prairie　country　of　Missouri；　where　the　Spaniards；　who　ruled　the　territory；　made　him　an　alcalde；　or　judge。　He　lived　to　a　great　age；　and　died　out　on　the　border；　a　backwoods　hunter　to　the　last。



GEORGE　ROGERS　CLARK　AND　THE　CONQUEST　OF　THE　NORTHWEST

Have　the　elder　races　halted？　Do　they　droop　and　end　their　lesson；　wearied　over　there　beyond　the　seas　？　We　take　up　the　task　eternal；　and　the　burden　and　the　lesson；　　Pioneers！　O　Pioneers！　　All　the　past　we　leave　behind；　We　debouch　upon　a　newer；　mightier　world；　varied　world；

Fresh　and　strong　the　world　we　seize；　world　of　labor　and　the　march；　　Pioneers！　O　Pioneers！　We　detachments　steady　throwing；　Down　the　edges；　through　the　passes；　up　the　mountains　steep；　Conquering；　holding；　daring；　venturing；　as　we　go　the　unknown　ways；　　Pioneers！　O　Pioneers！

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The　sachem　blowing　the　smoke　first　towards　the　sun　and　then　towards　the　earth；　The　drama　of　the　scalp　dance　enacted　with　painted　faces　and　guttural　exclamations；　The　setting　out　of　the　war…party；　the　long　and　stealthy　march；　The　single　file；　the　swinging　hatchets；　the　surprise　and　slaughter　of　enemies。　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　Whitman。



GEORGE　ROGERS　CLARK　AND　THE　CONQUEST　OF　THE　NORTHWEST

In　1776；　when　independence　was　declared；　the　United　States　included　only　the　thirteen　original　States　on　the　seaboard。　With　the　exception　of　a　few　hunters　there　were　no　white　men　west　of　the　Alleghany　Mountains；　and　there　was　not　even　an　American　hunter　in　the　great　country　out　of　which　we　have　since　made　the　States　of　Illinois；　Indiana；　Ohio；　Michigan；　and　Wisconsin。　All　this　region　north　of　the　Ohio　River　then　formed　apart　of　the　Province　of　Quebec。　It　was　a　wilderness　of　forests　and　prairies；　teeming　with　game；　and　i