the wars of the jews-第33部分

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the　city　Sepphoris；　and　burnt　it；　and　made　slaves　of　its　inhabitants；　but　as　for　Varus　himself；　he　marched　to　Samaria　with　his　whole　army；　where　he　did　not　meddle　with　the　city　itself；　because　he　found　that　it　had　made　no　commotion　during　these　troubles；　but　pitched　his　camp　about　a　certain　village　which　was　called　Aras。　It　belonged　to　Ptolemy；　and　on　that　account　was　plundered　by　the　Arabians；　who　were　very　angry　even　at　Herod's　friends　also。　He　thence　marched　on　to　the　village　Sampho；　another　fortified　place；　which　they　plundered；　as　they　had　done　the　other。　As　they　carried　off　all　the　money　they　lighted　upon　belonging　to　the　public　revenues；　all　was　now　full　of　fire　and　blood…shed；　and　nothing　could　resist　the　plunders　of　the　Arabians。　Emnaus　was　also　burnt；　upon　the　flight　of　its　inhabitants；　and　this　at　the　command　of　Varus；　out　of　his　rage　at　the　slaughter　of　those　that　were　about　Arias。

2。　Thence　he　marched　on　to　Jerusalem；　and　as　soon　as　he　was　but　seen　by　the　Jews；　he　made　their　camps　disperse　themselves；　they　also　went　away；　and　fled　up　and　down　the　country。　But　the　citizens　received　him；　and　cleared　themselves　of　having　any　hand　in　this　revolt；　and　said　that　they　had　raised　no　commotions；　but　had　only　been　forced　to　admit　the　multitude；　because　of　the　festival；　and　that　they　were　rather　besieged　together　with　the　Romans；　than　assisted　those　that　had　revolted。　There　had　before　this　met　him　Joseph；　the　first　cousin　of　Archelaus；　and　Gratus；　together　with　Rufus；　who　led　those　of　Sebaste；　as　well　as　the　king's　army：　there　also　met　him　those　of　the　Roman　legion；　armed　after　their　accustomed　manner；　for　as　to　Sabinus；　he　durst　not　come　into　Varus's　sight；　but　was　gone　out　of　the　city　before　this；　to　the　sea…side。　But　Varus　sent　a　part　of　his　army　into　the　country；　against　those　that　had　been　the　authors　of　this　commotion；　and　as　they　caught　great　numbers　of　them；　those　that　appeared　to　have　been　the　least　concerned　in　these　tumults　he　put　into　custody；　but　such　as　were　the　most　guilty　he　crucified；　these　were　in　number　about　two　thousand。

3。　He　was　also　informed　that　there　continued　in　Idumea　ten　thousand　men　still　in　arms；　but　when　he　found　that　the　Arabians　did　not　act　like　auxiliaries；　but　managed　the　war　according　to　their　own　passions；　and　did　mischief　to　the　country　otherwise　than　he　intended；　and　this　out　of　their　hatred　to　Herod；　he　sent　them　away；　but　made　haste；　with　his　own　legions；　to　march　against　those　that　had　revolted；　but　these；　by　the　advice　of　Achiabus；　delivered　themselves　up　to　him　before　it　came　to　a　battle。　Then　did　Varus　forgive　the　multitude　their　offenses；　but　sent　their　captains　to　Caesar　to　be　examined　by　him。　Now　Caesar　forgave　the　rest；　but　gave　orders　that　certain　of　the　king's　relations　（for　some　of　those　that　were　among　them　were　Herod's　kinsmen）　should　be　put　to　death；　because　they　had　engaged　in　a　war　against　a　king　of　their　own　family。　When　therefore　Varus　had　settled　matters　at　Jerusalem　after　this　manner；　and　had　left　the　former　legion　there　as　a　garrison；　he　returned　to　Antioch。

CHAPTER　6。

The　Jews　Greatly　Complain　Of　Archelaus　And　Desire　That　They　May　Be　Made　Subject　To　Roman　Governors。　But　When　Caesar　Had　Heard　What　They　Had　To　Say；　He　Distributed　Herod's　Dominions　Among　His　Sons　According　To　His　Own　Pleasure。

1。　But　now　came　another　accusation　from　the　Jews　against　Archelaus　at　Rome；　which　he　was　to　answer　to。　It　was　made　by　those　ambassadors　who；　before　the　revolt；　had　come；　by　Varus's　permission；　to　plead　for　the　liberty　of　their　country；　those　that　came　were　fifty　in　number；　but　there　were　more　than　eight　thousand　of　the　Jews　at　Rome　who　supported　them。　And　when　Caesar　had　assembled　a　council　of　the　principal　Romans　in　Apollo's　（2）　temple；　that　was　in　the　palace；　（this　was　what　he　had　himself　built　and　adorned；　at　a　vast　expense；）　the　multitude　of　the　Jews　stood　with　the　ambassadors；　and　on　the　other　side　stood　Archelaus；　with　his　friends；　but　as　for　the　kindred　of　Archelaus；　they　stood　on　neither　side；　for　to　stand　on　Archelaus's　side；　their　hatred　to　him；　and　envy　at　him；　would　not　give　them　leave；　while　yet　they　were　afraid　to　be　seen　by　Caesar　with　his　accusers。　Besides　these；　there　were　present　Archelaus's　brother　Philip；　being　sent　thither　beforehand；　out　of　kindness　by　Varus；　for　two　reasons：　the　one　was　this；　that　he　might　be　assisting　to　Archelaus；　and　the　other　was　this；　that　in　case　Caesar　should　make　a　distribution　of　what　Herod　possessed　among　his　posterity；　he　might　obtain　some　share　of　it。

2。　And　now；　upon　the　permission　that　was　given　the　accusers　to　speak；　they；　in　the　first　place；　went　over　Herod's　breaches　of　their　law；　and　said　that　be　was　not　a　king；　but　the　most　barbarous　of　all　tyrants；　and　that　they　had　found　him　to　be　such　by　the　sufferings　they　underwent　from　him；　that　when　a　very　great　number　had　been　slain　by　him；　those　that　were　left　had　endured　such　miseries；　that　they　called　those　that　were　dead　happy　men；　that　he　had　not　only　tortured　the　bodies　of　his　subjects；　but　entire　cities；　and　had　done　much　harm　to　the　cities　of　his　own　country；　while　he　adorned　those　that　belonged　to　foreigners；　and　he　shed　the　blood　of　Jews；　in　order　to　do　kindnesses　to　those　people　that　were　out　of　their　bounds；　that　he　had　filled　the　nation　full　of　poverty；　and　of　the　greatest　iniquity；　instead　of　that　happiness　and　those　laws　which　they　had　anciently　enjoyed；　that；　in　short；　the　Jews　had　borne　more　calamities　from　Herod；　in　a　few　years；　than　had　their　forefathers　during　all　that　interval　of　time　that　had　passed　since　they　had　come　out　of　Babylon；　and　returned　home；　in　the　reign　of　Xerxes　（3）　that；　however；　the　nation　was　come　to　so　low　a　condition；　by　being　inured　to　hardships；　that　they　submitted　to　his　successor　of　their　own　accord；　though　he　brought　them　into　bitter　slavery；　that　accordingly　they　readily　called　Archelaus；　though　he　was　the　son　of　so　great　a　tyrant；　king；　after　the　decease　of　his　father；　and　joined　with　him　in　mourning　for　the　death　of　Herod；　and　in　wishing　him　good　success　in　that　his　succession；　while　yet　this　Archelaus；　lest　he　should　be　in　danger　of　not　being　thought　the　genuine　son　of　Herod；　began　his　reign　with　the　murder　of　three　thousand　citizens；　as　if　he　had　a　mind　to　offer　so　many　bloody　sacrifices　to　God　for　his　government；　and　to　fill　the　temple　with　the　like　number　of　dead　bodies　at　that　festival：　that；　however；　those　that　were　left　after　so　many　miseries；　had　just　reason　to　consider　now　at　last　the　calamities　they　had　undergone；　and　to　oppose　themselves；　like　soldiers　in　war；　to　receive　those　stripes　upon　their　faces　＇but　not　upon　their　backs；　as　hitherto＇。　Whereupon　they　prayed　that　the　Romans　would　have　compassion　upon　the　＇poor＇　remains　of　Judea；　and　not　expose　what　was　left　of　them　to　such　as　barbarously　tore　them　to　pieces；　and　that　they　would　join　their　country　to　Syria；　and　administer　the　government　by　their　own　commanders；　whereby　it　would　＇soon＇　be　demonstrated　that　those　who　are　now　under　the　calumny　of　seditious　persons；　and　lovers　of　war；　know　how　to　bear　governors　that　are　set　over　them；　if　they　be　but　tolerable　ones。　So　the　Jews　concluded　their　accusation　with　this　request。　Then　rose　up　Nicolaus；　and　confuted　the　accusations　which　were　brought　against　the　kings；　and　himself　accused　the　Jewish　nation；　as　hard　to　be　ruled；　and　as　naturally　disobedient　to　kings。　He　also　reproached　all　those　kinsmen　of　Archelaus　who　had　left　him；　and　were　gone　over　to　his　accusers。　　3。　So　Caesar；　after　he　had　heard　both　sides；　dissolved　the　assembly　for　that　time；　but　a　few　days　afterward；　he　gave　the　one　half　of　Herod's　kingdom　to　Archelaus；　by　the　name　of　Ethnarch；　and　promised　to　make　him　king　also　afterward；　if　he　rendered　himself　worthy　of　that　dignity。　But　as　to　the　other　half；　he　divided　it　into　two　tetrarchies；　and　gave　them　to　two　other　sons　of　Herod；　the　one　of　them　to　Philip；　and　the　other　to　that　Antipas　who　contested　the　kingdom　with　Archelaus。　Under　this　last　was　Perea　and　Galilee；　with　a　revenue　of　two　hundred　talents；　but　Batanea；　and　Trachonitis；　and　Auranitis；　and　certain　parts　of　Zeno's　house　about　Jamnia；　with　a　revenue　of　a　hundred　talents；　were　made　subject　to　Philip；　while　Idumea；　and　all　Judea；　and　Samaria　were　parts　of　the　ethnarchy　of　Archelaus；　although　Samaria　was　eased　of　one　quarter　of　its　taxes；　out　of　regard　to　their　not　having　revolted　with　the　rest　of　the　nation。　He　also　made　subject　to　him　the　following　cities；　viz。　Strato's　Tower；　and　Sebaste；　and　Joppa；　and　Jerusalem；　but　as　to　the　Grecian　cities；　Gaza；　and　Gadara；　and　Hippos；　he　cut　them　off　from　the　kingdom；　and　added　them　to　Syria。　Now　the　revenue　of　the　country　that　was　given　to　Archelaus　was　four　hundred　talents。　Salome　also；　besides　what　the　king　had　left　her　in　his　testaments；　was　now　made　mistress　of　Jamnia；　and　Ashdod；　and　Phasaelis。　Caesar　did　moreover　bestow　upon　her　the　royal　palace　of　Ascalon；　by　all　which　she　got　together　a　revenue　of　sixty　talents；　but　he　put　her　house　under　the　ethnarchy　of　Archelaus。　And　for　the　rest　of　Herod's　offspring；　they　received　what　was　bequeathed　to　them　in　his　testaments；　but；　besides　that；　Caesar　granted　to　Herod's　two　virgin　daughters　five　hundred　thousand　＇drachmae＇　of　silver；　and　gave　them　in　marriage　to　the　sons　of　Pheroras：　but　after　this　family　distribution；　he　gave　between　them　what　had　been　bequeathed　to　him　by　Herod；　which　was　a　thousand　talents；　reserving　to　himself　only　some　inconsiderable　presents；　in　honor　of　the　deceased。

CHAPTER　7。

The　History　Of　The　Spurious　Alexander。　Archelaus　Is　Banished　And　Glaphyra　Dies；　After　What　Was　To　Happen　To　Both　Of　Them　Had　Been　Showed　Them　In　Dreams。

1。　In　the　meantime；　there　was　a　man；　who　was　by　birth　a　Jew；　but　brought　up　at　Sidon　with　one　of　the　Roman　freed…men；　who　falsely　pretended；　on　account　of　the　resemblance　of　their　countenances；　that　he　was　that　Alexander　who　was　slain　by　Herod。　This　man　came　to　Rome；　in　hopes　of　not　being　detected。　He　had　one　who　was　his　assistant；　of　his　own　nation；　and　who　knew　all　the　affairs　of　the　kingdom；　and　instructed　him　to　say　how　those　that　were　sent　to　kill　him　and　Aristobulus　had　pity　upon　them；　and　stole　them　away；　by　putting　bodies　that　were　like　theirs　in　their　places。　This　man　deceived　the　Jews　that　were　at