the wars of the jews-第34部分

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ay；　by　putting　bodies　that　were　like　theirs　in　their　places。　This　man　deceived　the　Jews　that　were　at　Crete；　and　got　a　great　deal　of　money　of　them　for　traveling　in　splendor；　and　thence　sailed　to　Melos；　where　he　was　thought　so　certainly　genuine；　that　he　got　a　great　deal　more　money；　and　prevailed　with　those　that　had　treated　him　to　sail　along　with　him　to　Rome。　So　he　landed　at　Dicearchia；　＇Puteoli；＇　and　got　very　large　presents　from　the　Jews　who　dwelt　there；　and　was　conducted　by　his　father's　friends　as　if　he　were　a　king；　nay；　the　resemblance　in　his　countenance　procured　him　so　much　credit；　that　those　who　had　seen　Alexander；　and　had　known　him　very　well；　would　take　their　oaths　that　he　was　the　very　same　person。　Accordingly；　the　whole　body　of　the　Jews　that　were　at　Rome　ran　out　in　crowds　to　see　him；　and　an　innumerable　multitude　there　was　which　stood　in　the　narrow　places　through　which　he　was　carried；　for　those　of　Melos　were　so　far　distracted；　that　they　carried　him　in　a　sedan；　and　maintained　a　royal　attendance　for　him　at　their　own　proper　charges。

2。　But　Caesar；　who　knew　perfectly　well　the　lineaments　of　Alexander's　face；　because　he　had　been　accused　by　Herod　before　him；　discerned　the　fallacy　in　his　countenance；　even　before　he　saw　the　man。　However；　he　suffered　the　agreeable　fame　that　went　of　him　to　have　some　weight　with　him；　and　sent　Celadus；　one　who　well　knew　Alexander；　and　ordered　him　to　bring　the　young　man　to　him。　But　when　Caesar　saw　him；　he　immediately　discerned　a　difference　in　his　countenance；　and　when　he　had　discovered　that　his　whole　body　was　of　a　more　robust　texture；　and　like　that　of　a　slave；　he　understood　the　whole　was　a　contrivance。　But　the　impudence　of　what　he　said　greatly　provoked　him　to　be　angry　at　him；　for　when　he　was　asked　about　Aristobulus；　he　said　that　he　was　also　preserved　alive；　and　was　left　on　purpose　in　Cyprus；　for　fear　of　treachery；　because　it　would　be　harder　for　plotters　to　get　them　both　into　their　power　while　they　were　separate。　Then　did　Caesar　take　him　by　himself　privately；　and　said　to　him；　〃I　will　give　thee　thy　life；　if　thou　wilt　discover　who　it　was　that　persuaded　thee　to　forge　such　stories。〃　So　he　said　that　he　would　discover　him；　and　followed　Caesar；　and　pointed　to　that　Jew　who　abused　the　resemblance　of　his　face　to　get　money；　for　that　he　had　received　more　presents　in　every　city　than　ever　Alexander　did　when　he　was　alive。　Caesar　laughed　at　the　contrivance；　and　put　this　spurious　Alexander　among　his　rowers；　on　account　of　the　strength　of　his　body；　but　ordered　him　that　persuaded　him　to　be　put　to　death。　But　for　the　people　of　Melos；　they　had　been　sufficiently　punished　for　their　folly；　by　the　expenses　they　had　been　at　on　his　account。

3。　And　now　Archelaus　took　possession　of　his　ethnarchy；　and　used　not　the　Jews　only；　but　the　Samaritans　also；　barbarously；　and　this　out　of　his　resentment　of　their　old　quarrels　with　him。　Whereupon　they　both　of　them　sent　ambassadors　against　him　to　Caesar；　and　in　the　ninth　year　of　his　government　he　was　banished　to　Vienna；　a　city　of　Gaul；　and　his　effects　were　put　into　Caesar's　treasury。　But　the　report　goes；　that　before　he　was　sent　for　by　Caesar；　he　seemed　to　see　nine　ears　of　corn；　full　and　large；　but　devoured　by　oxen。　When；　therefore；　he　had　sent　for　the　diviners；　and　some　of　the　Chaldeans；　and　inquired　of　them　what　they　thought　it　portended；　and　when　one　of　them　had　one　interpretation；　and　another　had　another；　Simon；　one　of　the　sect　of　Essens；　said　that　he　thought　the　ears　of　corn　denoted　years；　and　the　oxen　denoted　a　mutation　of　things；　because　by　their　ploughing　they　made　an　alteration　of　the　country。　That　therefore　he　should　reign　as　many　years　as　there　were　ears　of　corn；　and　after　he　had　passed　through　various　alterations　of　fortune；　should　die。　Now　five　days　after　Archelaus　had　heard　this　interpretation　he　was　called　to　his　trial。

4。　I　cannot　also　but　think　it　worthy　to　be　recorded　what　dream　Glaphyra；　the　daughter　of　Archelaus；　king　of　Cappadocia；　had；　who　had　at　first　been　wife　to　Alexander；　who　was　the　brother　of　Archelaus；　concerning　whom　we　have　been　discoursing。　This　Alexander　was　the　son　of　Herod　the　king；　by　whom　he　was　put　to　death；　as　we　have　already　related。　This　Glaphyra　was　married；　after　his　death；　to　Juba；　king　of　Libya；　and；　after　his　death；　was　returned　home；　and　lived　a　widow　with　her　father。　Then　it　was　that　Archelaus；　the　ethnarch；　saw　her；　and　fell　so　deeply　in　love　with　her；　that　he　divorced　Mariamne；　who　was　then　his　wife；　；and　married　her。　When；　therefore；　she　was　come　into　Judea；　and　had　been　there　for　a　little　while；　she　thought　she　saw　Alexander　stand　by　her；　and　that　he　said　to　her；　〃Thy　marriage　with　the　king　of　Libya　might　have　been　sufficient　for　thee；　but　thou　wast　not　contented　with　him；　but　art　returned　again　to　my　family；　to　a　third　husband；　and　him；　thou　impudent　woman；　hast　thou　chosen　for　thine　husband；　who　is　my　brother。　However；　I　shall　not　overlook　the　injury　thou　hast　offered　me；　I　shall　＇soon＇　have　thee　again；　whether　thou　wilt　or　no。〃　Now　Glaphyra　hardly　survived　the　narration　of　this　dream　of　hers　two　days。

CHAPTER　8。

Archelaus's　Ethnarchy　Is　Reduced　Into　A　＇Roman＇　Province。　The　Sedition　Of　Judas　Of　Galilee。　The　Three　Sects。

1。　And　now　Archelaus's　part　of　Judea　was　reduced　into　a　province；　and　Coponius；　one　of　the　equestrian　order　among　the　Romans；　was　sent　as　a　procurator；　having　the　power　of　＇life　and＇　death　put　into　his　hands　by　Caesar。　Under　his　administration　it　was　that　a　certain　Galilean；　whose　name　was　Judas；　prevailed　with　his　countrymen　to　revolt；　and　said　they　were　cowards　if　they　would　endure　to　pay　a　tax　to　the　Romans　and　would　after　God　submit　to　mortal　men　as　their　lords。　This　man　was　a　teacher　of　a　peculiar　sect　of　his　own；　and　was　not　at　all　like　the　rest　of　those　their　leaders。

2。　For　there　are　three　philosophical　sects　among　the　Jews。　The　followers　of　the　first　of　which　are　the　Pharisees；　of　the　second；　the　Sadducees；　and　the　third　sect；　which　pretends　to　a　severer　discipline；　are　called　Essens。　These　last　are　Jews　by　birth；　and　seem　to　have　a　greater　affection　for　one　another　than　the　other　sects　have。　These　Essens　reject　pleasures　as　an　evil；　but　esteem　continence；　and　the　conquest　over　our　passions；　to　be　virtue。　They　neglect　wedlock；　but　choose　out　other　persons　children；　while　they　are　pliable；　and　fit　for　learning；　and　esteem　them　to　be　of　their　kindred；　and　form　them　according　to　their　own　manners。　They　do　not　absolutely　deny　the　fitness　of　marriage；　and　the　succession　of　mankind　thereby　continued；　but　they　guard　against　the　lascivious　behavior　of　women；　and　are　persuaded　that　none　of　them　preserve　their　fidelity　to　one　man。

3。　These　men　are　despisers　of　riches；　and　so　very　communicative　as　raises　our　admiration。　Nor　is　there　any　one　to　be　found　among　them　who　hath　more　than　another；　for　it　is　a　law　among　them；　that　those　who　come　to　them　must　let　what　they　have　be　common　to　the　whole　order；　…　insomuch　that　among　them　all　there　is　no　appearance　of　poverty；　or　excess　of　riches；　but　every　one's　possessions　are　intermingled　with　every　other's　possessions；　and　so　there　is；　as　it　were；　one　patrimony　among　all　the　brethren。　They　think　that　oil　is　a　defilement；　and　if　any　one　of　them　be　anointed　without　his　own　approbation；　it　is　wiped　off　his　body；　for　they　think　to　be　sweaty　is　a　good　thing；　as　they　do　also　to　be　clothed　in　white　garments。　They　also　have　stewards　appointed　to　take　care　of　their　common　affairs；　who　every　one　of　them　have　no　separate　business　for　any；　but　what　is　for　the　uses　of　them　all。

4。　They　have　no　one　certain　city；　but　many　of　them　dwell　in　every　city；　and　if　any　of　their　sect　come　from　other　places；　what　they　have　lies　open　for　them；　just　as　if　it　were　their　own；　and　they　go　in　to　such　as　they　never　knew　before；　as　if　they　had　been　ever　so　long　acquainted　with　them。　For　which　reason　they　carry　nothing　at　all　with　them　when　they　travel　into　remote　parts；　though　still　they　take　their　weapons　with　them；　for　fear　of　thieves。　Accordingly；　there　is；　in　every　city　where　they　live；　one　appointed　particularly　to　take　care　of　strangers；　and　to　provide　garments　and　other　necessaries　for　them。　But　the　habit　and　management　of　their　bodies　is　such　as　children　use　who　are　in　fear　of　their　masters。　Nor　do　they　allow　of　the　change　of　or　of　shoes　till　be　first　torn　to　pieces；　or　worn　out　by　time。　Nor　do　they　either　buy　or　sell　any　thing　to　one　another；　but　every　one　of　them　gives　what　he　hath　to　him　that　wanteth　it；　and　receives　from　him　again　in　lieu　of　it　what　may　be　convenient　for　himself；　and　although　there　be　no　requital　made；　they　are　fully　allowed　to　take　what　they　want　of　whomsoever　they　please。

5。　And　as　for　their　piety　towards　God；　it　is　very　extraordinary；　for　before　sun…rising　they　speak　not　a　word　about　profane　matters；　but　put　up　certain　prayers　which　they　have　received　from　their　forefathers；　as　if　they　made　a　supplication　for　its　rising。　After　this　every　one　of　them　are　sent　away　by　their　curators；　to　exercise　some　of　those　arts　wherein　they　are　skilled；　in　which　they　labor　with　great　diligence　till　the　fifth　hour。　After　which　they　assemble　themselves　together　again　into　one　place；　and　when　they　have　clothed　themselves　in　white　veils；　they　then　bathe　their　bodies　in　cold　water。　And　after　this　purification　is　over；　they　every　one　meet　together　in　an　apartment　of　their　own；　into　which　it　is　not　permitted　to　any　of　another　sect　to　enter；　while　they　go；　after　a　pure　manner；　into　the　dining…room；　as　into　a　certain　holy　temple；　and　quietly　set　themselves　down；　upon　which　the　baker　lays　them　loaves　in　order；　the　cook　also　brings　a　single　plate　of　one　sort　of　food；　and　sets　it　before　every　one　of　them；　but　a　priest　says　grace　before　meat；　and　it　is　unlawful　for　any　one　to　taste　of　the　food　before　grace　be　said。　The　same　priest；　when　he　hath　dined；　says　grace　again　after　meat；　and　when　they　begin；　and　when　they　end；　they　praise　God；　as　he　that　bestows　their　food　upon　them；　after　which　they　lay　aside　their　＇white＇　garments；　and　betake　themselves　to　their　labors　again　till　the　evening；　then　they　return　home　to　supper；　after　the　same　manner；　and　if　there　be　any　strangers　there；　they　sit　down　with　them。　Nor　is　there　ever　any　clamor　or　disturbance　to　pollute　their　house；　but　they　give　every　one　leave　to　speak　in