the wars of the jews-第36部分

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troduce　the　first　sect。　These　ascribe　all　to　fate　＇or　providence＇；　and　to　God；　and　yet　allow；　that　to　act　what　is　right；　or　the　contrary；　is　principally　in　the　power　of　men；　although　fate　does　co…operate　in　every　action。　They　say　that　all　souls　are　incorruptible；　but　that　the　souls　of　good　men　only　are　removed　into　other　bodies；　…　but　that　the　souls　of　bad　men　are　subject　to　eternal　punishment。　But　the　Sadducees　are　those　that　compose　the　second　order；　and　take　away　fate　entirely；　and　suppose　that　God　is　not　concerned　in　our　doing　or　not　doing　what　is　evil；　and　they　say；　that　to　act　what　is　good；　or　what　is　evil；　is　at　men's　own　choice；　and　that　the　one　or　the　other　belongs　so　to　every　one；　that　they　may　act　as　they　please。　They　also　take　away　the　belief　of　the　immortal　duration　of　the　soul；　and　the　punishments　and　rewards　in　Hades。　Moreover；　the　Pharisees　are　friendly　to　one　another；　and　are　for　the　exercise　of　concord；　and　regard　for　the　public；　but　the　behavior　of　the　Sadducees　one　towards　another　is　in　some　degree　wild；　and　their　conversation　with　those　that　are　of　their　own　party　is　as　barbarous　as　if　they　were　strangers　to　them。　And　this　is　what　I　had　to　say　concerning　the　philosophic　sects　among　the　Jews。

CHAPTER　9。

The　Death　Of　Salome。　The　Cities　Which　Herod　And　Philip　Built。　Pilate　Occasions　Disturbances。　Tiberius　Puts　Agrippa　Into　Bonds　But　Caius　Frees　Him　From　Them；　And　Makes　Him　King。　Herod　Antipas　Is　Banished。

1。　And　now　as　the　ethnarchy　of　Archelaus　was　fallen　into　a　Roman　province；　the　other　sons　of　Herod；　Philip；　and　that　Herod　who　was　called　Antipas；　each　of　them　took　upon　them　the　administration　of　their　own　tetrarchies；　for　when　Salome　died；　she　bequeathed　to　Julia；　the　wife　of　Augustus；　both　her　toparchy；　and　Jamriga；　as　also　her　plantation　of　palm　trees　that　were　in　Phasaelis。　But　when　the　Roman　empire　was　translated　to　Tiberius；　the　son　of　Julia；　upon　the　death　of　Augustus；　who　had　reigned　fifty…seven　years；　six　months；　and　two　days；　both　Herod　and　Philip　continued　in　their　tetrarchies；　and　the　latter　of　them　built　the　city　Cesarea；　at　the　fountains　of　Jordan；　and　in　the　region　of　Paneas；　as　also　the　city　Julias；　in　the　lower　Gaulonitis。　Herod　also　built　the　city　Tiberius　in　Galilee；　and　in　Perea　＇beyond　Jordan＇　another　that　was　also　called　Julias。

2。　Now　Pilate；　who　was　sent　as　procurator　into　Judea　by　Tiberius；　sent　by　night　those　images　of　Caesar　that　are　called　ensigns　into　Jerusalem。　This　excited　a　very　among　great　tumult　among　the　Jews　when　it　was　day；　for　those　that　were　near　them　were　astonished　at　the　sight　of　them；　as　indications　that　their　laws　were　trodden　under　foot；　for　those　laws　do　not　permit　any　sort　of　image　to　be　brought　into　the　city。　Nay；　besides　the　indignation　which　the　citizens　had　themselves　at　this　procedure；　a　vast　number　of　people　came　running　out　of　the　country。　These　came　zealously　to　Pilate　to　Cesarea；　and　besought　him　to　carry　those　ensigns　out　of　Jerusalem；　and　to　preserve　them　their　ancient　laws　inviolable；　but　upon　Pilate's　denial　of　their　request；　they　fell　（9）　down　prostrate　upon　the　ground；　and　continued　immovable　in　that　posture　for　five　days　and　as　many　nights。

3。　On　the　next　day　Pilate　sat　upon　his　tribunal；　in　the　open　market…place；　and　called　to　him　the　multitude；　as　desirous　to　give　them　an　answer；　and　then　gave　a　signal　to　the　soldiers；　that　they　should　all　by　agreement　at　once　encompass　the　Jews　with　their　weapons；　so　the　band　of　soldiers　stood　round　about　the　Jews　in　three　ranks。　The　Jews　were　under　the　utmost　consternation　at　that　unexpected　sight。　Pilate　also　said　to　them　that　they　should　be　cut　in　pieces；　unless　they　would　admit　of　Caesar's　images；　and　gave　intimation　to　the　soldiers　to　draw　their　naked　swords。　Hereupon　the　Jews；　as　it　were　at　one　signal；　fell　down　in　vast　numbers　together；　and　exposed　their　necks　bare；　and　cried　out　that　they　were　sooner　ready　to　be　slain；　than　that　their　law　should　be　transgressed。　Hereupon　Pilate　was　greatly　surprised　at　their　prodigious　superstition；　and　gave　order　that　the　ensigns　should　be　presently　carried　out　of　Jerusalem。

4。　After　this　he　raised　another　disturbance；　by　expending　that　sacred　treasure　which　is　called　Corban　（10）　upon　aqueducts；　whereby　he　brought　water　from　the　distance　of　four　hundred　furlongs。　At　this　the　multitude　had　indignation；　and　when　Pilate　was　come　to　Jerusalem；　they　came　about　his　tribunal；　and　made　a　clamor　at　it。　Now　when　he　was　apprized　aforehand　of　this　disturbance；　he　mixed　his　own　soldiers　in　their　armor　with　the　multitude；　and　ordered　them　to　conceal　themselves　under　the　habits　of　private　men；　and　not　indeed　to　use　their　swords；　but　with　their　staves　to　beat　those　that　made　the　clamor。　He　then　gave　the　signal　from　his　tribunal　＇to　do　as　he　had　bidden　them＇。　Now　the　Jews　were　so　sadly　beaten；　that　many　of　them　perished　by　the　stripes　they　received；　and　many　of　them　perished　as　trodden　to　death　by　themselves；　by　which　means　the　multitude　was　astonished　at　the　calamity　of　those　that　were　slain；　and　held　their　peace。

5。　In　the　mean　time　Agrippa；　the　son　of　that　Aristobulus　who　had　been　slain　by　his　father　Herod；　came　to　Tiberius；　to　accuse　Herod　the　tetrarch；　who　not　admitting　of　his　accusation；　he　staid　at　Rome；　and　cultivated　a　friendship　with　others　of　the　men　of　note；　but　principally　with　Caius　the　son　of　Germanicus；　who　was　then　but　a　private　person。　Now　this　Agrippa；　at　a　certain　time；　feasted　Caius；　and　as　he　was　very　complaisant　to　him　on　several　other　accounts；　he　at　length　stretched　out　his　hands；　and　openly　wished　that　Tiberius　might　die；　and　that　he　might　quickly　see　him　emperor　of　the　world。　This　was　told　to　Tiberius　by　one　of　Agrippa's　domestics；　who　thereupon　was　very　angry；　and　ordered　Agrippa　to　be　bound；　and　had　him　very　ill…treated　in　the　prison　for　six　months；　until　Tiberius　died；　after　he　had　reigned　twenty…two　years；　six　months；　and　three　days。

6。　But　when　Caius　was　made　Caesar；　he　released　Agrippa　from　his　bonds；　and　made　him　king　of　Philip's　tetrarchy；　who　was　now　dead；　but　when　Agrippa　had　arrived　at　that　degree　of　dignity；　he　inflamed　the　ambitious　desires　of　Herod　the　tetrarch；　who　was　chiefly　induced　to　hope　for　the　royal　authority　by　his　wife　Herodias；　who　reproached　him　for　his　sloth；　and　told　him　that　it　was　only　because　he　would　not　sail　to　Caesar　that　he　was　destitute　of　that　great　dignity；　for　since　Caesar　had　made　Agrippa　a　king；　from　a　private　person；　much　mole　would　he　advance　him　from　a　tetrarch　to　that　dignity。　These　arguments　prevailed　with　Herod；　so　that　he　came　to　Caius；　by　whom　he　was　punished　for　his　ambition；　by　being　banished　into　Spain；　for　Agrippa　followed　him；　in　order　to　accuse　him；　to　whom　also　Caius　gave　his　tetrarchy；　by　way　of　addition。　So　Herod　died　in　Spain；　whither　his　wife　had　followed　him。

CHAPTER　10。

Caius　Commands　That　His　Statue　Should　Be　Set　Up　In　The　Temple　Itself；　And　What　Petronius　Did　Thereupon。

1。　Now　Caius　Caesar　did　so　grossly　abuse　the　fortune　he　had　arrived　at；　as　to　take　himself　to　be　a　god；　and　to　desire　to　be　so　called　also；　and　to　cut　off　those　of　the　greatest　nobility　out　of　his　country。　He　also　extended　his　impiety　as　far　as　the　Jews。　Accordingly；　he　sent　Petronius　with　an　army　to　Jerusalem；　to　place　his　statues　in　the　temple；　（11）　and　commanded　him　that；　in　case　the　Jews　would　not　admit　of　them；　he　should　slay　those　that　opposed　it；　and　carry　all　the　rest　of　the　nation　into　captivity：　but　God　concerned　himself　with　these　his　commands。　However；　Petronius　marched　out　of　Antioch　into　Judea；　with　three　legions；　and　many　Syrian　auxiliaries。　Now　as　to　the　Jews；　some　of　them　could　not　believe　the　stories　that　spake　of　a　war；　but　those　that　did　believe　them　were　in　the　utmost　distress　how　to　defend　themselves；　and　the　terror　diffused　itself　presently　through　them　all；　for　the　army　was　already　come　to　Ptolemais。

2。　This　Ptolemais　is　a　maritime　city　of　Galilee；　built　in　the　great　plain。　It　is　encompassed　with　mountains：　that　on　the　east　side；　sixty　furlongs　off；　belongs　to　Galilee；　but　that　on　the　south　belongs　to　Carmel；　which　is　distant　from　it　a　hundred　and　twenty　furlongs；　and　that　on　the　north　is　the　highest　of　them　all；　and　is　called　by　the　people　of　the　country；　The　Ladder　of　the　Tyrians；　which　is　at　the　distance　of　a　hundred　furlongs。　The　very　small　river　Belus　（12）　runs　by　it；　at　the　distance　of　two　furlongs；　near　which　there　is　Menmon's　monument；　（13）　and　hath　near　it　a　place　no　larger　than　a　hundred　cubits；　which　deserves　admiration；　for　the　place　is　round　and　hollow；　and　affords　such　sand　as　glass　is　made　of；　which　place；　when　it　hath　been　emptied　by　the　many　ships　there　loaded；　it　is　filled　again　by　the　winds；　which　bring　into　it；　as　it　were　on　purpose；　that　sand　which　lay　remote；　and　was　no　more　than　bare　common　sand；　while　this　mine　presently　turns　it　into　glassy　sand。　And　what　is　to　me　still　more　wonderful；　that　glassy　sand　which　is　superfluous；　and　is　once　removed　out　of　the　place；　becomes　bare　common　sand　again。　And　this　is　the　nature　of　the　place　we　are　speaking　of。

3。　But　now　the　Jews　got　together　in　great　numbers　with　their　wives　and　children　into　that　plain　that　was　by　Ptolemais；　and　made　supplication　to　Petronius；　first　for　their　laws；　and；　in　the　next　place；　for　themselves。　So　he　was　prevailed　upon　by　the　multitude　of　the　supplicants；　and　by　their　supplications；　and　left　his　army　and　the　statues　at　Ptolemais；　and　then　went　forward　into　Galilee；　and　called　together　the　multitude　and　all　the　men　of　note　to　Tiberias；　and　showed　them　the　power　of　the　Romans；　and　the　threatenings　of　Caesar；　and；　besides　this；　proved　that　their　petition　was　unreasonable；　because　while　all　the　nations　in　subjection　to　them　had　placed　the　images　of　Caesar　in　their　several　cities；　among　the　rest　of　their　gods；　for　them　alone　to　oppose　it；　was　almost　like　the　behavior　of　revolters；　and　was　injurious　to　Caesar。

4。　And　when　they　insisted　on　their　law；　and　the　custom　of　their　country；　and　how　it　was　not　only　not　permitted　them　to　make　either　an　image　of　God；　or　indeed　of　a　man；　and　to　put　it　in　any　despicable　part　of　their　country；　much　less　in　the　temple　itself；　Petronius　replied；　〃And　am　not　I　also；〃　said　he；　〃bound　to　keep　the　law　of　my　own　lord？　For　if　I　transgress　it；　and　spare　you；　it　is　but