the wars of the jews-第84部分

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　himself　was　brought　to　Vitellius；　and　then　slain；　the　soldiers　also　plundered　the　temple　of　its　ornaments；　and　set　it　on　fire。　But　now　within　a　day's　time　came　　　Antonius；　with　his　army；　and　were　met　by　Vitellius　and　his　army；　and　having　had　a　battle　in　three　several　places；　the　last　were　all　destroyed。　Then　did　Vitellius　come　out　of　the　palace；　in　his　cups；　and　satiated　with　an　extravagant　and　luxurious　meal；　as　in　the　last　extremity；　and　being　drawn　along　through　the　multitude；　and　abused　with　all　sorts　of　torments；　had　his　head　cut　off　in　the　midst　of　Rome；　having　retained　the　　　government　eight　months　and　five　days　（26）　and　had　he　lived　much　longer；　I　cannot　but　think　the　empire　would　not　have　been　sufficient　for　his　lust。　Of　the　others　that　were　slain；　were　numbered　above　fifty　thousand。　This　battle　was　fought　on　the　third　day　of　the　month　Apelleus　＇Casleu＇；　on　the　next　day　Mucianus　came　into　the　city　with　his　army；　and　ordered　Antonius　and　his　men　to　leave　off　killing；　for　they　were　still　searching　the　houses；　and　killed　many　of　Vitellius's　soldiers；　and　many　of　the　populace；　as　supposing　them　to　be　of　his　party；　preventing　by　their　rage　any　accurate　distinction　between　them　and　others。　He　then　produced　Domitian；　and　　　recommended　him　to　the　multitude；　until　his　father　should　come　himself；　so　the　people　being　now　freed　from　their　fears；　made　acclamations　of　joy　for　Vespasian；　as　for　their　emperor；　and　kept　festival　days　for　his　confirmation；　and　for　the　destruction　of　Vitellius。　　　　　　5。　And　now；　as　Vespasian　was　come　to　Alexandria；　this　good　news　came　from　Rome；　and　at　the　same　time　came　embassies　from　all　his　own　habitable　earth；　to　congratulate　him　upon　his　advancement；　and　though　this　Alexandria　was　the　greatest　of　all　cities　next　to　Rome；　it　proved　too　narrow　to　contain　the　multitude　that　then　came　to　it。　So　upon　this　confirmation　of　Vespasian's　entire　government；　which　was　now　settled；　and　upon　the　unexpected　deliverance　of　the　public　affairs　of　the　Romans　from　ruin；　Vespasian　turned　his　thoughts　to　what　　　remained　unsubdued　in　Judea。　However；　he　himself　made　　　haste　to　go　to　Rome；　as　the　winter　was　now　almost　over；　and　soon　set　the　affairs　of　Alexandria　in　order；　but　sent　his　son　Titus；　with　a　select　part　of　his　army；　to　destroy　Jerusalem。　So　Titus　marched　on　foot　as　far　as　Nicopolis；　which　is　distant　twenty　furlongs　from　Alexandria；　there　he　put　his　army　on　board　some　long　ships；　and　sailed　upon　the　river　along　the　Mendesian　Nomus；　as　far　as　the　city　Tumuis；　there　he　got　out　of　the　ships；　and　walked　on　foot；　and　lodged　all　night　at　a　small　city　called　Tanis。　His　second　station　was　　　Heracleopolis；　and　his　third　Pelusium；　he　then　refreshed　his　army　at　that　place　for　two　days；　and　on　the　third　passed　over　the　mouths　of　the　Nile　at　Pelusium；　he　then　proceeded　one　station　over　the　desert；　and　pitched　his　camp　at　the　temple　of　the　Casian　Jupiter；　（27）　and　on　the　next　day　at　Ostracine。　This　station　had　no　water；　but　the　people　of　the　country　make　use　of　water　brought　from　other　places。　After　this　he　rested　at　Rhinocolura；　and　from　thence　he　went　to　Raphia；　which　was　his　fourth　station。　This　city　is　the　beginning　of　Syria。　For　his　fifth　station　he　pitched　his　camp　at　Gaza；　after　which　he　came　to　Ascalon；　and　thence　to　Jamnia；　and　after　that　to　Joppa；　and　from　Joppa　to　Cesarea；　having　taken　a　resolution　to　gather　all　his　other　forces　together　at　that　place。　

WAR　BOOK　4　FOOTNOTES

（1）　Here　we　have　the　exact　situation　of　of　Jeroboam's　〃at　the　exit　of　Little　Jordan　into　Great　Jordan；　near　the　place　called　Daphne；　but　of　old　Dan。　See　the　note　in　Antiq。　B。　VIII。　ch。　8。　sect。　4。　But　Reland　suspects　flint　here　we　should　read　Dan　instead　of　there　being　no　where　else　mention　of　a　place　called　Daphne。

（2）　These　numbers　in　Josephus　of　thirty　furlongs'　ascent　to　the　top　of　Mount　Tabor；　whether　we　estimate　it　by　winding　and　gradual；　or　by　the　perpendicular　altitude；　and　of　twenty…six　furlongs'　circumference　upon　the　top；　as　also　fifteen　furlongs　for　this　ascent　in　Polybius；　with　Geminus's　perpendicular　altitude　of　almost　fourteen　furlongs；　here　noted　by　Dr。　Hudson；　do　none　of'　them　agree　with　the　authentic　testimony　of　Mr。　Maundrell；　an　eye…witness；　p。　112；　who　says　he　was　not　an　hour　in　getting　up　to　the　top　of　this　Mount　Tabor；　and　that　the　area　of　the　top　is　an　oval　of　about　two　furlongs　in　length；　and　one　in　breadth。　So　I　rather　suppose　Josephus　wrote　three　furlongs　for　the　ascent　or　altitude；　instead　of　thirty；　and　six　furlongs　for　the　circumference　at　the　top；　instead　of　twenty…six；since　a　mountain　of　only　three　furlongs　perpendicular　altitude　may　easily　require　near　an　hour's　ascent；　and　the　circumference　of　an　oval　of　the　foregoing　quantity　is　near　six　furlongs。　Nor　certainly　could　such　a　vast　circumference　as　twenty…six　furlongs；　or　three　miles　and　a　quarter；　at　that　height　be　encompassed　with　a　wall；　including　a　trench　and　other　fortifications；　（perhaps　those　still　remaining；　ibid。）　in　the　small　interval　of　forty　days；　as　Josephus　here　says　they　were　by　himself。

（3）　This　name　Dorcas　in　Greek；　was　Tabitha　in　Hebrew　or　Syriac；　as　Acts　9：36。　Accordingly；　some　of　the　manuscripts　set　it　down　here　Tabetha　or　Tabeta。　Nor　can　the　context　in　Josephus　be　made　out　by　supposing　the　reading　to　have　been　this：　〃The　son　of　Tabitha；　which；　in　the　language　of　our　country；　denotes　Dorcas〃　＇or　a　doe＇。

（4）　Here　we　may　discover　the　utter　disgrace　and　ruin　of　the　high　priesthood　among　the　Jews；　when　undeserving；　ignoble；　and　vile　persons　were　advanced　to　that　holy　office　by　the　seditious；　which　sort　of　high　priests；　as　Josephus　well　remarks　here；　were　thereupon　obliged　to　comply　with　and　assist　those　that　advanced　them　in　their　impious　practices。　The　names　of　these　high　priests；　or　rather　ridiculous　and　profane　persons；　were　Jesus　the　son　of　Damneus；　Jesus　the　son　of　Gamaliel；　Matthias　the　son　of　Theophilus；　and　that　prodigious　ignoramus　Phannias；　the　son　of　Samuel；　all　whom　we　shall　meet　with　in　Josephus's　future　history　of　this　war；　nor　do　we　meet　with　any　other　so　much　as　pretended　high　priest　after　Phannias；　till　Jerusalem　was　taken　and　destroyed。

（5）　This　tribe　or　course　of　the　high　priests；　or　priests；　here　called　Eniachim；　seems　to　the　learned　Mr。　Lowth；　one　well　versed　in　Josephus；　to　be　that　1　Chronicles　24：12；　〃the　course　of　Jakim；〃　where　some　copies　have〃　the　course　of　Eliakim；〃　and　I　think　this　to　be　by　no　means　an　improbable　conjecture。

（6）　This　Symeon；　the　son　of　Gamaliel；　is　mentioned　as　the　president　of　the　Jewish　sanhedrim；　and　one　that　perished　in　the　destruction　of　Jerusalem；　by　the　Jewish　Rabbins；　as　Reland　observes　on　this　place。　He　also　tells　us　that　those　Rabbins　mention　one　Jesus　the　son　of　Gamala；　as　once　a　high　priest；　but　this　long　before　the　destruction　of　Jerusalem；　so　that　if　he　were　the　same　person　with　this　Jesus　the　son　of　Gamala；　Josephus；　he　must　have　lived　to　be　very　old；　or　they　have　been　very　bad　chronologers。

（7）　It　is　worth　noting　here；　that　this　Ananus；　the　best　of　the　Jews　at　this　time；　and　the　high　priest；　who　was　so　very　uneasy　at　the　profanation　of　the　Jewish　courts　of　the　temple　by　the　zealots；　did　not　however　scruple　the　profanation　of　the　〃court　of　the　Gentiles；〃　as　in　our　Savior's　days　it　was　very　much　profaned　by　the　Jews；　and　made　a　market…place；　nay；　a　〃den　of　thieves；〃　without　scruple；　Matthew　21：12；　13；　Mark　11：15…17。　Accordingly　Josephus　himself；　when　he　speaks　of　the　two　inner　courts；　calls　them　both　hagia　or　holy　places；　but；　so　far　as　I　remember；　never　gives　that　character　of　the　court　of　the　Gentiles。　See　B。　V。　ch。　9。　sect。　2。

（8）　This　appellation　of　Jerusalem　given　it　here　by　Simon；　the　general　of　the　Idumeans；　〃the　common　city〃　of　the　Idumeans；　who　were　proselytes　of　justice；　as　well　as　of　the　original　native　Jews；　greatly　confirms　that　maxim　of　the　Rabbins；　here　set　down　by　Reland；　that　〃Jerusalem　was　not　assigned；　or　appropriated；　to　the　tribe　of　Benjamin　or　Judah；　but　every　tribe　had　equal　right　to　it　＇at　their　coming　to　worship　there　at　the　several　festivals＇。〃　See　a　little　before；　ch。　3。　sect。　3；　or　〃worldly　worship；〃　as　the　author　to　the　Hebrews　calls　the　sanctuary；　〃a　worldly　sanctuary。〃

（9）　Some　commentators　are　ready　to　suppose　that　this〃　Zacharias；　the　son　of　Baruch；〃　here　most　unjustly　slain　by　the　Jews　in　the　temple；　was　the　very　same　person　with　〃Zacharias；　the　son　of　Barachias；〃　whom　our　Savior　says　the　Jews　〃slew　between　the　temple　and　the　altar；〃　Matthew　23：35。　This　is　a　somewhat　strange　exposition；　since　Zechariah　the　prophet　was　really　〃the　son　of　Barachiah；〃　and　〃grandson　of　Iddo；　Zechariah　1：1；　and　how　he　died；　we　have　no　other　account　than　that　before　us　in　St。　Matthew：　while　this　〃Zacharias〃　was　〃the　son　of　Baruch。〃　Since　the　slaughter　was　past　when　our　Savior　spake　these　words；　the　Jews　had　then　already　slain　him；　whereas　this　slaughter　of　〃Zacharias；　the　son　of　Baruch；〃　in　Josephus；　was　then　about　thirty…four　years　future。　And　since　the　slaughter　was　〃between　the　temple　and　the　altar；〃　in　the　court　of　the　priests；　one　of　the　most　sacred　and　remote　parts　of　the　whole　temple；　while　this　was；　in　Josephus's　own　words；　in　the　middle　of　the　temple；　and　much　the　most　probably　in　the　court　of　Israel　only　（for　we　have　had　no　intimation　that　the　zealots　had　at　this　time　profaned　the　court　of　the　priests。　See　B。　V。　ch。　1。　sect。　2）。　Nor　do　I　believe　that　our　Josephus；　who　always　insists　on　the　peculiar　sacredness　of　the　inmost　court；　and　of　the　holy　house　that　was　in　it；　would　have　omitted　so　material　an　aggravation　of　this　barbarous　murder；　as　perpetrated　in。　a　place　so　very　holy；　had　that　been　the　true　place　of　it。　See　Antiq。　B。　XI。　ch。　7。　sect。　1；　and　the　note　here　on　B。　V。　ch。　1。　sect。　2。

（10）　This　prediction；　that　the　city　（Jerusalem）　should　then　〃be　taken；　and　the　sanctuary　burnt；　by　right　of　war；　when　a　sedition　should　invade　Jews；　and　their　own　hands　should　pollute　that　temple；〃　or；　as　it　is　B。　VI。　ch。　2。　sect。　1；　〃when　any　one　should　begin　to　slay　his　countrymen　in　the　city；〃　is　wanting　in　our　present　copies　of　the　Old　Testament。　See　Essay　on　the　Old　Test。　p。　104112。　But　this　prediction；　as　Josephus　well　remarks　here；　though；　with　the　other　predictions　of　the　prophets；　it　was　now　laughed　at　by　the　seditious；　was　by　their　very　means　soon　exactly　fulf