heimskringla-第102部分

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e；　wherever　he　might　come　from。　　Every　ship　that　went　out　of　the　country　should　have　stowage　reserved　open　for　the　king　in　the　middle　of　the　ship。　　Every　man；　foreigner　or　native；　who　went　to　Iceland；　should　pay　a　tax　to　the　king。　　And　to　all　this　was　added；　that　Danes　should　enjoy　so　much　consideration　in　Norway；　that　one　witness　of　them　should　invalidate　ten　of　Northmen　（1）。

When　these　laws　were　promulgated　the　minds　of　the　people　were　instantly　raised　against　them；　and　murmurs　were　heard　among　them。　They　who　had　not　taken　part　against　King　Olaf　said；　〃Now　take　your　reward　and　friendship　from　the　Canute　race；　ye　men　of　the　interior　Throndhjem　who　fought　against　King　Olaf；　and　deprived　him　of　his　kingdom。　　Ye　were　promised　peace　and　justice；　and　now　ye　have　got　oppression　and　slavery　for　your　great　treachery　and　crime。〃　　Nor　was　it　very　easy　to　contradict　them；　as　all　men　saw　how　miserable　the　change　had　been。　　But　people　had　not　the　boldness　to　make　an　insurrection　against　King　Svein；　principally　because　many　had　given　King　Canute　their　sons　or　other　near　relations　as　hostages；　and　also　because　no　one　appeared　as　leader　of　an　insurrection。　　They　very　soon；　however；　complained　of　King　Svein；　and　his　mother　Alfifa　got　much　of　the　blame　of　all　that　was　against　their　desire。　　Then　the　truth；　with　regard　to　Olaf；　became　evident　to　many。


ENDNOTES：　（1）　　This　may　probably　have　referred　not　to　witnesses　of　an　act；　　　　　　but　to　the　class　of　witnesses　in　the　jurisprudence　of　the　　　　　　Middle　Ages　called　compurgators；　who　testified　not　the　fact；　　　　　　but　their　confidence　in　the　statements　of　the　accused；　and　　　　　　from　which；　possibly；　our　English　bail　for　offenders　arose。　　　　　　　L。



254。　OF　KING　OLAF'S　SANCTITY。

This　winter　（A。D。　1031）　many　in　the　Throndhjem　land　began　to　declare　that　Olaf　was　in　reality　a　holy　man；　and　his　sanctity　was　confirmed　by　many　miracles。　　Many　began　to　make　promises　and　prayers　to　King　Olaf　in　the　matters　in　which　they　thought　they　required　help；　and　many　found　great　benefit　from　these　invocations。　　Some　in　respect　of　health；　others　of　a　journey；　or　other　circumstances　in　which　such　help　seemed　needful。



255。　OF　EINAR　TAMBASKELFER。

Einar　Tambaskelfer　was　come　home　from　England　to　his　farm；　and　had　the　fiefs　which　King　Canute　had　given　him　when　they　met　in　Throndhjem；　and　which　were　almost　an　earldom。　　Einar　had　not　been　in　the　strife　against　King　Olaf；　and　congratulated　himself　upon　it。　　He　remembered　that　King　Canute　had　promised　him　the　earldom　over　Norway；　and　at　the　same　time　remembered　that　King　Canute　had　not　kept　his　promise。　　He　was　accordingly　the　first　great　person　who　looked　upon　King　Olaf　as　a　saint。



256。　OF　THE　SONS　OF　ARNE。

Fin　Arnason　remained　but　a　short　time　at　Eggja　with　his　brother　Kalf；　for　he　was　in　the　highest　degree　ill…pleased　that　Kalf　had　been　in　the　battle　against　King　Olaf；　and　always　made　his　brother　the　bitterest　reproaches　on　this　account。　　Thorberg　Arnason　was　much　more　temperate　in　his　discourse　than　Fin；　but　yet　he　hastened　away；　and　went　home　to　his　farm。　　Kalf　gave　the　two　brothers　a　good　long…ship；　with　full　rigging　and　other　necessaries；　and　a　good　retinue。　　Therefore　they　went　home　to　their　farms；　and　sat　quietly　at　home。　　Arne　Arnason　lay　long　ill　of　his　wounds；　but　got　well　at　last　without　injury　of　any　limb；　and　in　winter　he　proceeded　south　to　his　farm。　　All　the　brothers　made　their　peace　with　King　Svein；　and　sat　themselves　quietly　down　in　their　homes。



257。　BISHOP　SIGURD'S　FLIGHT。

The　summer　after　（A。D。　1031）　there　was　much　talk　about　King　Olaf's　sanctity；　and　there　was　a　great　alteration　in　the　expressions　of　all　people　concerning　him。　　There　were　many　who　now　believed　that　King　Olaf　must　be　a　saint；　even　among　those　who　had　persecuted　him　with　the　greatest　animosity；　and　would　never　in　their　conversation　allow　truth　or　justice　in　his　favour。　People　began　then　to　turn　their　reproaches　against　the　men　who　had　principally　excited　opposition　to　the　king；　and　on　this　account　Bishop　Sigurd　in　particular　was　accused。　　He　got　so　many　enemies；　that　he　found　it　most　advisable　to　go　over　to　England　to　King　Canute。　　Then　the　Throndhjem　people　sent　men　with　a　verbal　message　to　the　Uplands；　to　Bishop　Grimkel；　desiring　him　to　come　north　to　Throndhjem。　　King　Olaf　had　sent　Bishop　Grimkel　back　to　Norway　when　he　went　east　into　Russia；　and　since　that　time　Grimkel　had　been　in　the　Uplands。　　When　the　message　came　to　the　bishop　he　made　ready　to　go；　and　it　contributed　much　to　this　journey　that　the　bishop　considered　it　as　true　what　was　told　of　King　Olaf's　miracles　and　sanctity。



258。　KING　OLAF　THE　SAINT'S　REMAINS　DISINTERRED。

Bishop　Grimkel　went　to　Einar　Tambaskelfer；　who　received　him　joyfully。　　They　talked　over　many　things；　and；　among　others；　of　the　important　events　which　had　taken　place　in　the　country；　and　concerning　these　they　were　perfectly　agreed。　　Then　the　bishop　proceeded　to　the　town　（Nidaros）；　and　was　well　received　by　all　the　community。　　He　inquired　particularly　concerning　the　miracles　of　King　Olaf　that　were　reported；　and　received　satisfactory　accounts　of　them。　　Thereupon　the　bishop　sent　a　verbal　message　to　Stiklestad　to　Thorgils　and　his　son　Grim；　inviting　them　to　come　to　the　town　to　him。　　They　did　not　decline　the　invitation；　but　set　out　on　the　road　immediately；　and　came　to　the　town　and　to　the　bishop。　　They　related　to　him　all　the　signs　that　had　presented　themselves　to　them；　and　also　where　they　had　deposited　the　king〃s　body。　　The　bishop　sent　a　message　to　Einar　Tambaskelfer；　who　came　to　the　town。　　Then　the　bishop　and　Einar　had　an　audience　of　the　king　and　Alfifa；　in　which　they　asked　the　king's　leave　to　have　King　Olaf's　body　taken　up　out　of　the　earth。　　The　king　gave　his　permission；　and　told　the　bishop　to　do　as　he　pleased　in　the　matter。　　At　that　time　there　were　a　great　many　people　in　the　town。　The　bishop；　Einar；　and　some　men　with　them；　went　to　the　place　where　the　king's　body　was　buried；　and　had　the　place　dug；　but　the　coffin　had　already　raised　itself　almost　to　the　surface　of　the　earth。　　It　was　then　the　opinion　of　many　that　the　bishop　should　proceed　to　have　the　king　buried　in　the　earth　at　Clement's　church；　and　it　was　so　done。　　Twelve　months　and　five　days　（Aug。　3；　A。D。　1031）；　after　King　Olaf's　death　his　holy　remains　were　dug　up；　and　the　coffin　had　raised　itself　almost　entirely　to　the　surface　of　the　earth；　and　the　coffin　appeared　quite　new；　as　if　it　had　but　lately　been　made。　　When　Bishop　Grimkel　came　to　King　Olaf's　opened　coffin；　there　was　a　delightful　and　fresh　smell。　　Thereupon　the　bishop　uncovered　the　king's　face；　and　his　appearance　was　in　no　respect　altered；　and　his　cheeks　were　as　red　as　if　he　had　but　just　fallen　asleep。　　The　men　who　had　seen　King　Olaf　when　he　fell　remarked；　also；　that　his　hair　and　nails　had　grown　as　much　as　if　he　had　lived　on　the　earth　all　the　time　that　had　passed　since　his　fall。　　Thereupon　King　Svein；　and　all　the　chiefs　who　were　at　the　place；　went　out　to　see　King　Olaf's　body。　　Then　said　Alfifa；　〃People　buried　in　sand　rot　very　slowly；　and　it　would　not　have　been　so　if　he　had　been　buried　in　earth。〃　　Afterwards　the　bishop　took　scissors；　clipped　the　king's　hair；　and　arranged　his　beard；　for　he　had　had　a　long　beard；　according　to　the　fashion　of　that　time。　　Then　said　the　bishop　to　the　king　and　Alfifa；　〃Now　the　king's　hair　and　beard　are　such　as　when　he　gave　up　the　ghost；　and　it　has　grown　as　much　as　ye　see　has　been　cut　off。〃　　Alfifa　answers；　〃I　will　believe　in　the　sanctity　of　his　hair；　if　it　will　not　burn　in　the　fire；　but　I　have　often　seen　men's　hair　whole　and　undamaged　after　lying　longer　in　the　earth　than　this　man's。〃　　Then　the　bishop　had　live　coals　put　into　a　pan；　blessed　it；　cast　incense　upon　it；　and　then　laid　King　Olaf's　hair　on　the　fire。　　When　all　the　incense　was　burnt　the　bishop　took　the　hair　out　of　the　fire；　and　showed　the　king　and　the　other　chiefs　that　it　was　not　consumed。　　Now　Alfifa　asked　that　the　hair　should　be　laid　upon　unconsecrated　fire；　but　Einar　Tambaskelfer　told　her　to　be　silent；　and　gave　her　many　severe　reproaches　for　her　unbelief。　　After　the　bishop's　recognition；　with　the　king's　approbation　and　the　decision　of　the　Thing；　it　was　determined　that　King　Olaf　should　be　considered　a　man　truly　holy；　whereupon　his　body　was　transported　into　Clement's　church；　and　a　place　was　prepared　for　it　near　the　high　altar。　　The　coffin　was　covered　with　costly　cloth；　and　stood　under　a　gold　embroidered　tent。　　Many　kinds　of　miracles　were　soon　wrought　by　King　Olaf's　holy　remains。



259。　OF　KING　OLAF'S　MIRACLES。

In　the　sand…hill　where　King　Olaf's　body　had　lain　on　the　ground　a　beautiful　spring　of　water　came　up　and　many　human　ailments　and　infirmities　were　cured　by　its　waters。　　Things　were　put　in　order　around　it；　and　the　water　ever　since　has　been　carefully　preserved。　There　was　first　a　chapel　built；　and　an　altar　consecrated；　where　the　king's　body　had　lain；　but　now　Christ's　church　stands　upon　the　spot。　　Archbishop　Eystein　had　a　high　altar　raised　upon　the　spot　where　the　king's　grave　had　been；　when　he　erected　the　great　temple　which　now　stands　there；　and　it　is　the　same　spot　on　which　the　altar　of　the　old　Christ　church　had　stood。　　It　is　said　that　Olaf's　church　stands　on　the　spot　on　which　the　empty　house　had　stood　in　which　King　Olaf's　body　had　been　laid　for　the　night。　　The　place　over　which　the　holy　remains　of　King　Olaf　were　carried　up　from　the　vessel　is　now　called　Olaf's　Road；　and　is　now　in　the　middle　of　the　town。　　The　bishop　adorned　King　Olaf's　holy　remains；　and　cut　his　nails　and　hair；　for　both　grew　as　if　he　had　still　been　alive。　　So　says　Sigvat　the　skald：　

　　　　　〃I　lie　not；　when　I　say　the　king　　　　　　Seemed　as　alive　in　every　thing：　　　　　　His　nails；　his　yellow　hair　still　growing；　　　　　　And　round　his　ruddy　cheek　still　flowing；　　　　　　As　when；　to　please　the　Russian　queen；　　　　　　His　yellow　locks　adorned　were　seen；　　　　　　Or　to　the　blind　he　cured　he　gave　　　　　　A　tress；　their　precious　sight　to　save。〃

Thorarin　Loftunga　also　composed　a　song　upon　Svein　Alfifason；　called　the　〃Glelogn　Song〃；　in　which　are　these　verses：　

　　　　　〃Svein；　king　of　all；　　　　　　In　Olaf's　hall　　　　　　Now　sits　on　high；　　　　　　And　Olaf's　eye　　　　　　Looks　down　from　heaven；　　　　　　Where　it　is　given　　　　　　To　him　to　dwell：　　　　　　Or　here　in　cell；　　　　　　As　heavenly　saint；　　　　　　To　heal　men's　plaint；　　　　　　May　our　gold…gi