heimskringla-第12部分

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ich　the　summer　before　King　Hakon　had　subjected　to　payment　of　scat　to　him。　　So　says　Guthorm：　

　　　　　〃King　Hakon；　whose　sharp　sword　dyes　red　　　　　　The　bright　steel　cap　on　many　a　head；　　　　　　Has　set　a　warrior　brave　and　stout　　　　　　The　foreign　foeman　to　keep　out；　　　　　　　To　keep　that　green　land　safe　from　war　　　　　　Which　black　Night　bore　to　dwarf　Annar　（1）。　　　　　　For　many　a　carle　whose　trade's　to　wield　　　　　　The　battle…axe；　and　swing　the　shield；　　　　　　On　the　swan's　ocean…skates　has　come；　　　　　　In　white…winged　ships；　across　the　foam；　　　　　　　Across　the　sea；　from　far　Ireland；　　　　　　To　war　against　the　Norseman's　land。〃


ENDNOTES：　（1）　　The　dwarf　Annar　was　the　husband　of　Night；　and　Earth　was　　　　　　their　daughter。　　L。



10。　OF　GUNHILD　S　SONS。

King　Harald　Gormson　ruled　over　Denmark　at　that　time。　　He　took　it　much　amiss　that　King　Hakon　had　made　war　in　his　dominions；　and　the　report　went　that　he　would　take　revenge；　but　this　did　not　take　place　so　soon。　When　Gunhild　and　her　sons　heard　there　was　enmity　between　Denmark　and　Norway；　they　began　to　turn　their　course　from　the　West。　　They　married　King　Eirik's　daughter；　Ragnhild；　to　Arnfin；　a　son　of　Thorfin　Hausakljufer；　and　as　soon　as　Eirik's　sons　went　away；　Thorfin　took　the　earldom　again　over　the　Orkney　Islands。　　Gamle　Eirikson　was　somewhat　older　than　the　other　brothers；　but　still　he　was　not　a　grown　man。　　When　Gunhild　and　her　sons　came　from　the　westward　to　Denmark；　they　were　well　received　by　King　Harald。　　He　gave　them　great　fiefs　in　his　kingdom；　so　that　they　could　maintain　themselves　and　their　men　very　well。　　He　also　took　Harald　Eirikson　to　be　his　foster…son；　set　him　on　his　knee；　and　thereafter　he　was　brought　up　at　the　Danish　king's　court。　　Some　of　Eirik's　sons　went　out　on　viking　expeditions　as　soon　as　they　were　old　enough；　and　gathered　property；　ravaging　all　around　in　the　East　sea。　　They　grew　up　quickly　to　be　handsome　men；　and　far　beyond　their　years　in　strength　and　perfection。　　Glum　Geirason　tells　of　one　of　them　in　the　Grafeld　song：　

　　　　　〃I've　heard　that；　on　the　Eastland　coast；　　　　　　Great　victories　were　won　and　lost。　　　　　　The　king；　whose　hand　is　ever　graced　　　　　　With　gift　to　skald；　his　banner　placed　　　　　　On；　and　still　on；　while；　midst　the　play　　　　　　Of　swords；　sung　sharp　his　good　sword's　sway　　　　　　As　strong　in　arm　as　free　of　gold；　　　　　　He　thinn'd　the　ranks　of　warriors　bold。〃

Then　Eirik's　sons　turned　northwards　with　their　troops　to　Viken　and　marauded　there；　but　King　Trygve　kept　troops　on　foot　with　which　he　met　them；　and　they　had　many　a　battle；　in　which　the　victory　was　sometimes　on　one　side；　and　sometimes　on　the　other。　Sometimes　Eirik's　sons　plundered　in　Viken；　and　sometimes　Trygve　in　Sealand　and　Halland。



11。　　KING　HAKON　AS　A　LAW…GIVER。

As　long　as　Hakon　was　king　in　Norway；　there　was　good　peace　between　the　bondes　and　merchants；　so　that　none　did　harm　either　to　the　life　or　goods　of　the　other。　　Good　seasons　also　there　were；　both　by　sea　and　land。　　King　Hakon　was　of　a　remarkably　cheerful　disposition；　clever　in　words；　and　very　condescending。　　He　was　a　man　of　great　understanding　also；　and　bestowed　attention　on　law…　giving。　　He　gave　out　the　Gula…thing's　laws　on　the　advice　of　Thorleif　Spake　（the　Wise）；　also　the　Frosta…thing's　laws　on　the　advice　of　Earl　Sigurd；　and　of　other　Throndhjem　men　of　wisdom。　Eidsiva…thing　laws　were　first　established　in　the　country　by　Halfdan　the　Black；　as　has　before　been　written。



12。　THE　BIRTH　OF　EARL　HAKON　THE　GREAT。

King　Hakon　kept　Yule　at　Throndhjem；　and　Earl　Sigurd　had　made　a　feast　for　him　at　Hlader。　　The　night　of　the　first　day　of　Yule　the　earl's　wife；　Bergljot；　was　brought　to　bed　of　a　boy…child；　which　afterwards　King　Hakon　poured　water　over；　and　gave　him　his　own　name。　　The　boy　grew　up；　and　became　in　his　day　a　mighty　and　able　man；　and　was　earl　after　his　father；　who　was　King　Hakon's　dearest　friend。



13。　OF　EYSTEIN　THE　BAD。

Eystein；　a　king　of　the　Uplands；　whom　some　called　the　Great；　and　some　the　Bad；　once　on　a　time　made　war　in　Throndhjem；　and　subdued　Eyna　district　and　Sparbyggia　district；　and　set　his　own　son　Onund　over　them；　but　the　Throndhjem　people　killed　him。　　Then　King　Eystein　made　another　inroad　into　Throndhjem；　and　ravaged　the　land　far　and　wide；　and　subdued　it。　　He　then　offered　the　people　either　his　slave；　who　was　called　Thorer　Faxe；　or　his　dog；　whose　name　was　Saur；　to　be　their　king。　　They　preferred　the　dog；　as　they　thought　they　would　sooner　get　rid　of　him。　　Now　the　dog　was；　by　witchcraft；　gifted　with　three　men's　wisdom；　and　when　he　barked；　he　spoke　one　word　and　barked　two。　　A　collar　and　chain　of　gold　and　silver　were　made　for　him；　and　his　courtiers　carried　him　on　their　shoulders　when　the　weather　or　ways　were　foul。　　A　throne　was　erected　for　him；　and　he　sat　upon　a　high　place；　as　kings　are　used　to　sit。　　He　dwelt　on　Eyin　Idre　（Idre　Isle）；　and　had　his　mansion　in　a　place　now　called　Saurshaug。　　It　is　told　that　the　occasion　of　his　death　was　that　the　wolves　one　day　broke　into　his　fold；　and　his　courtiers　stirred　him　up　to　defend　his　cattle；　but　when　he　ran　down　from　his　mound；　and　attacked　the　wolves；　they　tore　him　into　pieces。　　Many　other　extraordinary　things　were　done　by　this　King　Eystein　against　the　Throndhjem　people；　and　in　consequence　of　this　persecution　and　trouble；　many　chiefs　and　people　fled　and　left　their　udal　properties。



14。　JAMTALAND　AND　HELSINGJALAND。

Ketil　Jamte；　a　son　of　Earl　Onund　of　Sparabu；　went　eastward　across　the　mountain　ridge；　and　with　him　a　great　multitude；　who　took　all　their　farm…stock　and　goods　with　them。　　They　cleared　the　woods；　and　established　large　farms；　and　settled　the　country　afterwards　called　Jamtaland。　　Thorer　Helsing；　Ketil's　grandson；　on　account　of　a　murder；　ran　away　from　Jamtaland　and　fled　eastward　through　the　forest；　and　settled　there。　　Many　people　followed；　and　that　country；　which　extends　eastward　down　to　the　seacoast；　was　called　Helsingjaland；　and　its　eastern　parts　are　inhabited　by　Swedes。　　Now　when　Harald　Harfager　took　possession　of　the　whole　country　many　people　fled　before　him；　both　people　of　Throndhjem　and　of　Naumudal　districts；　and　thus　new　settlers　came　to　Jamtaland；　and　some　all　the　way　to　Helsingjaland。　　The　Helsingjaland　people　travelled　into　Svithiod　for　their　merchandise；　and　thus　became　altogether　subjects　of　that　country。　　The　Jamtaland　people；　again；　were　in　a　manner　between　the　two　countries；　and　nobody　cared　about　them；　until　Hakon　entered　into　friendly　intercourse　with　Jamtaland；　and　made　friends　of　the　more　powerful　people。　Then　they　resorted　to　him；　and　promised　him　obedience　and　payment　of　taxes；　and　became　his　subjects；　for　they　saw　nothing　but　what　was　good　in　him；　and　being　of　Norwegian　race　they　would　rather　stand　under　his　royal　authority　than　under　the　king　of　Sweden：　and　he　gave　them　laws；　and　rights　to　their　land。　　All　the　people　of　Helsingjaland　did　the　same；　　that　is；　all　who　were　of　Norwegian　race；　from　the　other　side　of　the　great　mountain　ridge。




15。　HAKON　SPREADS　CHRISTIANITY。

King　Hakon　was　a　good　Christian　when　he　came　to　Norway；　but　as　the　whole　country　was　heathen；　with　much　heathenish　sacrifice；　and　as　many　great　people；　as　well　as　the　favour　of　the　common　people；　were　to　be　conciliated；　he　resolved　to　practice　his　Christianity　in　private。　　But　he　kept　Sundays；　and　the　Friday　fasts；　and　some　token　of　the　greatest　holy…days。　　He　made　a　law　that　the　festival　of　Yule　should　begin　at　the　same　time　as　Christian　people　held　it；　and　that　every　man；　under　penalty；　should　brew　a　meal　of　malt　into　ale；　and　therewith　keep　the　Yule　holy　as　long　as　it　lasted。　　Before　him；　the　beginning　of　Yule；　or　the　slaughter　night；　was　the　night　of　mid…winter　（Dec。　14）；　and　Yule　was　kept　for　three　days　thereafter。　　It　was　his　intent；　as　soon　as　he　had　set　himself　fast　in　the　land；　and　had　subjected　the　whole　to　his　power；　to　introduce　Christianity。　　He　went　to　work　first　by　enticing　to　Christianity　the　men　who　were　dearest　to　him；　and　many；　out　of　friendship　to　him；　allowed　themselves　to　be　baptized；　and　some　laid　aside　sacrifices。　　He　dwelt　long　in　the　Throndhjem　district；　for　the　strength　of　the　country　lay　there；　and　when　he　thought　that；　by　the　support　of　some　powerful　people　there；　he　could　set　up　Christianity　he　sent　a　message　to　England　for　a　bishop　and　other　teachers；　and　when　they　arrived　in　Norway；　Hakon　made　it　known　that　he　would　proclaim　Christianity　over　all　the　land。　　The　people　of　More　and　Raumsdal　referred　the　matter　to　the　people　of　Throndhjem。　　King　Hakon　then　had　several　churches　consecrated；　and　put　priests　into　them；　and　when　he　came　to　Throndhjem　he　summoned　the　bondes　to　a　Thing；　and　invited　them　to　accept　Christianity。　　They　gave　an　answer　to　the　effect　that　they　would　defer　the　matter　until　the　Frosta…thing；　at　which　there　would　be　men　from　every　district　of　the　Throndhjem　country；　and　then　they　would　give　their　determination　upon　this　difficult　matter。



16。　ABOUT　SACRIFICES。

Sigurd；　earl　of　Hlader；　was　one　of　the　greatest　men　for　sacrifices；　and　so　had　Hakon　his　father　been；　and　Sigurd　always　presided　on　account　of　the　king　at　all　the　festivals　of　sacrifice　in　the　Throndhjem　country。　　It　was　an　old　custom；　that　when　there　was　to　be　sacrifice　all　the　bondes　should　come　to　the　spot　where　the　temple　stood　and　bring　with　them　all　that　they　required　while　the　festival　of　the　sacrifice　lasted。　　To　this　festival　all　the　men　brought　ale　with　them；　and　all　kinds　of　cattle；　as　well　as　horses；　were　slaughtered；　and　all　the　blood　that　came　from　them　was　called　〃hlaut〃；　and　the　vessels　in　which　it　was　collected　were　called　hlaut…vessels。　　Hlaut…staves　were　made；　like　sprinkling　brushes；　with　which　the　whole　of　the　altars　and　the　temple　walls；　both　outside　and　inside；　were　sprinkled　over；　and　also　the　people　were　sprinkled　with　the　blood；　but　the　flesh　was　boiled　into　savoury　meat　for　those　present。　　The　fire　was　in　the　middle　of　the　floor　of　the　temple；　and　over　it　hung　the　kettles；　and　the　full　goblets　were　handed　across　the　fire；　and　he　who　made　the　feast；　and　was　a　chief；　blessed　the　full　goblets；　and　all　the　meat　of　the　sacrifice。　　And　first　Odin's　goblet　was　emptied　for　victory　and　power　to　his　king；　thereafter；　Niord's　and　Freyja's　goblets　for　peace　and　a　good　season。　　Then　it　was　the　custom　of　many　to　empty　the　brage…goblet　（1）；　and　then　the　guests　emptied　a　goblet　to　the　me