heimskringla-第3部分

快捷操作: 按键盘上方向键 ← 或 → 可快速上下翻页 按键盘上的 Enter 键可回到本书目录页 按键盘上方向键 ↑ 可回到本页顶部! 如果本书没有阅读完，想下次继续接着阅读，可使用上方 "收藏到我的浏览器" 功能 和 "加入书签" 功能！


n　and　many　with　him　perished。　　He　was　then　forty　years　old。　　He　had　been　one　of　the　most　fortunate　kings　in　respect　of　good　seasons。　　The　people　thought　so　much　of　him；　that　when　his　death　was　known　and　his　body　was　floated　to　Ringerike　to　bury　it　there；　the　people　of　most　consequence　from　Raumarike；　Vestfold；　and　Hedemark　came　to　meet　it。　　All　desired　to　take　the　body　with　them　to　bury　it　in　their　own　district；　and　they　thought　that　those　who　got　it　would　have　good　crops　to　expect。　　At　last　it　was　agreed　to　divide　the　body　into　four　parts。　　The　head　was　laid　in　a　mound　at　Stein　in　Ringerike；　and　each　of　the　others　took　his　part　home　and　laid　it　in　a　mound；　and　these　have　since　been　called　Halfdan's　Mounds。



HARALD　HARFAGER'S　SAGA。


1。　HARALD'S　STRIFE　WITH　HAKE　AND　HIS　FATHER　GANDALF。　

Harald　（1）　was　but　ten　years　old　when　he　succeeded　his　father　（Halfdan　the　Black）。　　He　became　a　stout；　strong；　and　comely　man；　and　withal　prudent　and　manly。　　His　mother's　brother；　Guthorm；　was　leader　of　the　hird；　at　the　head　of　the　government；　and　commander　（‘hertogi'）　of　the　army。　　After　Halfdan　the　Black's　death；　many　chiefs　coveted　the　dominions　he　had　left。　　Among　these　King　Gandalf　was　the　first；　then　Hogne　and　Frode；　sons　of　Eystein；　king　of　Hedemark；　and　also　Hogne　Karuson　came　from　Ringerike。　　Hake；　the　son　of　Gandalf；　began　with　an　expedition　of　300　men　against　Vestfold；　marched　by　the　main　road　through　some　valleys；　and　expected　to　come　suddenly　upon　King　Harald；　while　his　father　Gandalf　sat　at　home　with　his　army；　and　prepared　to　cross　over　the　fiord　into　Vestfold。　　When　Duke　Guthorm　heard　of　this　he　gathered　an　army；　and　marched　up　the　country　with　King　Harald　against　Hake。　　They　met　in　a　valley；　in　which　they　fought　a　great　battle；　and　King　Harald　was　victorious；　and　there　fell　King　Hake　and　most　of　his　people。　　The　place　has　since　been　called　Hakadale。　　Then　King　Harald　and　Duke　Guthorm　turned　back；　but　they　found　King　Gandalf　had　come　to　Vestfold。　　The　two　armies　marched　against　each　other；　and　met；　and　had　a　great　battle；　and　it　ended　in　King　Gandalf　flying；　after　leaving　most　of　his　men　dead　on　the　spot；　and　in　that　state　he　came　back　to　his　kingdom。　　Now　when　the　sons　of　King　Eystein　in　Hedemark　heard　the　news；　they　expected　the　war　would　come　upon　them；　and　they　sent　a　message　to　Hogne　Karuson　and　to　Herse　Gudbrand；　and　appointed　a　meeting　with　them　at　Ringsaker　in　Hedemark。

ENDNOTES：　（1）　　The　first　twenty　chapters　of　this　saga　refer　to　Harald's　　　　　　youth　and　his　conquest　of　Norway。　　This　portion　of　the　saga　　　　　　is　of　great　importance　to　the　Icelanders；　as　the　settlement　　　　　　of　their　Isle　was　a　result　of　Harald's　wars。　　The　second　　　　　　part　of　the　saga　（chaps。　21…46）　treats　of　the　disputes　　　　　　between　Harald's　sons；　of　the　jarls　of　Orkney；　and　of　the　　　　　　jarls　of　More。　　With　this　saga　we　enter　the　domain　of　　　　　　history。　　Ed。



2。　KING　HARALD　OVERCOMES　FIVE　KINGS。

After　the　battle　King　Harald　and　Guthorm　turned　back；　and　went　with　all　the　men　they　could　gather　through　the　forests　towards　the　Uplands。　　They　found　out　where　the　Upland　kings　had　appointed　their　meeting…place；　and　came　there　about　the　time　of　midnight；　without　the　watchmen　observing　them　until　their　army　was　before　the　door　of　the　house　in　which　Hogne　Karuson　was；　as　well　as　that　in　which　Gudbrand　slept。　　They　set　fire　to　both　houses；　but　King　Eystein's　two　sons　slipped　out　with　their　men；　and　fought　for　a　while；　until　both　Hogne　and　Frode　fell。　　After　the　fall　of　these　four　chiefs；　King　Harald；　by　his　relation　Guthorm's　success　and　powers；　subdued　Hedemark；　Ringerike；　Gudbrandsdal；　Hadeland；　Thoten；　Raumarike；　and　the　whole　northern　part　of　Vingulmark。　　King　Harald　and　Guthorm　had　thereafter　war　with　King　Gandalf；　and　fought　several　battles　with　him；　and　in　the　last　of　them　King　Gandalf　was　slain；　and　King　Harald　took　the　whole　of　his　kingdom　as　far　south　as　the　river　Raum。



3。　OF　GYDA；　DAUGHTER　OF　EIRIE。

King　Harald　sent　his　men　to　a　girl　called　Gyda；　daughter　of　King　Eirik　of　Hordaland；　who　was　brought　up　as　foster…child　in　the　house　of　a　great　bonde　in　Valdres。　　The　king　wanted　her　for　his　concubine；　for　she　was　a　remarkably　handsome　girl；　but　of　high　spirit　withal。　　Now　when　the　messengers　came　there；　and　delivered　their　errand　to　the　girl；　she　answered；　that　she　would　not　throw　herself　away　even　to　take　a　king　for　her　husband；　who　had　no　greater　kingdom　to　rule　over　than　a　few　districts。　　〃And　methinks；〃　said　she；　〃it　is　wonderful　that　no　king　here　in　Norway　will　make　the　whole　country　subject　to　him；　in　the　same　way　as　Gorm　the　Old　did　in　Denmark；　or　Eirik　at　Upsala。〃　　The　messengers　thought　her　answer　was　dreadfully　haughty；　and　asked　what　she　thought　would　come　of　such　an　answer；　for　Harald　was　so　mighty　a　man；　that　his　invitation　was　good　enough　for　her。　　But　although　she　had　replied　to　their　errand　differently　from　what　they　wished；　they　saw　no　chance；　on　this　occasion；　of　taking　her　with　them　against　her　will；　so　they　prepared　to　return。　　When　they　were　ready；　and　the　people　followed　them　out；　Gyda　said　to　the　messengers；　〃Now　tell　to　King　Harald　these　my　words。　　I　will　only　agree　to　be　his　1awful　wife　upon　the　condition　that　he　shall　first；　for　my　sake；　subject　to　himself　the　whole　of　Norway；　so　that　he　may　rule　over　that　kingdom　as　freely　and　fully　as　King　Eirik　over　the　Swedish　dominions；　or　King　Gorm　over　Denmark；　for　only　then；　methinks；　can　he　be　called　the　king　of　a　people。〃



4。　KING　HARALD'S　VOW。

Now　came　the　messengers　back　to　King　Harald；　bringing　him　the　words　of　the　girl；　and　saying　she　was　so　bold　and　foolish　that　she　well　deserved　that　the　king　should　send　a　greater　troop　of　people　for　her；　and　inflict　on　her　some　disgrace。　　Then　answered　the　king；　〃This　girl　has　not　spoken　or　done　so　much　amiss　that　she　should　be　punished；　but　rather　she　should　be　thanked　for　her　words。　　She　has　reminded　me；〃　said　he；　〃of　something　which　it　appears　to　me　wonderful　I　did　not　think　of　before。　　And　now；〃　added　he；　〃I　make　the　solemn　vow；　and　take　God　to　witness；　who　made　me　and　rules　over　all　things；　that　never　shall　I　clip　or　comb　my　hair　until　I　have　subdued　the　whole　of　Norway；　with　scat　（1）；　and　duties；　and　domains；　or　if　not；　have　died　in　the　attempt。〃　　Guthorm　thanked　the　king　warmly　for　his　vow；　adding；　that　it　was　royal　work　to　fulfil　royal　words。

ENDNOTES：　（1）　　Scat　was　a　land…tax；　paid　to　the　king　in　money；　malt；　meal；　　　　　　or　flesh…meat；　from　all　lands；　and　was　adjudged　by　the　Thing　　　　　　to　each　king　upon　his　accession；　and　being　proposed　and　　　　　　accepted　as　king。



5。　THE　BATTLE　IN　ORKADAL。

After　this　the　two　relations　gather　together　a　great　force；　and　prepare　for　an　expedition　to　the　Uplands；　and　northwards　up　the　valley　（Gudbrandsdal）；　and　north　over　Dovrefjeld；　and　when　the　king　came　down　to　the　inhabited　land　he　ordered　all　the　men　to　be　killed；　and　everything　wide　around　to　be　delivered　to　the　flames。　　And　when　the　people　came　to　know　this；　they　fled　every　one　where　he　could；　some　down　the　country　to　Orkadal；　some　to　Gaulardal；　some　to　the　forests。　　But　some　begged　for　peace；　and　obtained　it；　on　condition　of　joining　the　king　and　becoming　his　men。　　He　met　no　opposition　until　he　came　to　Orkadal。　　There　a　crowd　of　people　had　assembled；　and　he　had　his　first　battle　with　a　king　called　Gryting。　　Harald　won　the　victory；　and　King　Gryting　was　made　prisoner；　and　most　of　his　people　killed。　　He　took　service　himself　under　the　king；　and　swore　fidelity　to　him。　　Thereafer　all　the　people　in　Orkadal　district　went　under　King　Harald；　and　became　his　men。



6。　KING　HARALD　S　LAWS　FOR　LAND　PROPERTY。　

King　Harald　made　this　law　over　all　the　lands　he　conquered；　that　all　the　udal　property　should　belong　to　him；　and　that　the　bondes；　both　great　and　small；　should　pay　him　land　dues　for　their　possessions。　　Over　every　district　he　set　an　earl　to　judge　according　to　the　law　of　the　land　and　to　justice；　and　also　to　collect　the　land　dues　and　the　fines；　and　for　this　each　earl　received　a　third　part　of　the　dues；　and　services；　and　fines；　for　the　support　of　his　table　and　other　expenses。　　Each　earl　had　under　him　four　or　more　herses；　each　of　whom　had　an　estate　of　twenty　marks　yearly　income　bestowed　on　him　and　was　bound　to　support　twenty　men…at…arms；　and　the　earl　sixty　men；　at　their　own　expenses。　　The　king　had　increased　the　land　dues　and　burdens　so　much；　that　each　of　his　earls　had　greater　power　and　income　than　the　kings　had　before；　and　when　that　became　known　at　Throndhjem；　many　great　men　joined　the　king　and　took　his　service。　



7。　BATTLE　IN　GAULARDAL。

It　is　told　that　Earl　Hakon　Grjotgardson　came　to　King　Harald　from　Yrjar；　and　brought　a　great　crowd　of　men　to　his　service。　　Then　King　Harald　went　into　Gaulardal；　and　had　a　great　battle；　in　which　he　slew　two　kings；　and　conquered　their　dominions；　and　these　were　Gaulardal　district　and　Strind　district。　　He　gave　Earl　Hakon　Strind　district　to　rule　over　as　earl。　　King　Harald　then　proceeded　to　Stjoradal；　and　had　a　third　battle；　in　which　he　gained　the　victory；　and　took　that　district　also。　　There　upon　the　Throndhjem　people　assembled；　and　four　kings　met　together　with　their　troops。　　The　one　ruled　over　Veradal；　the　second　over　Skaun；　third　over　the　Sparbyggja　district；　and　the　fourth　over　Eyin　Idre　（Inderoen）；　and　this　latter　had　also　Eyna　district。　　These　four　kings　marched　with　their　men　against　King　Harald；　but　he　won　the　battle；　and　some　of　these　kings　fell；　and　some　fled。　　In　all；　King　Harald　fought　at　the　least　eight　battles；　and　slew　eight　kings；　in　the　Throndhjem　district；　and　laid　the　whole　of　it　under　him。



8。　HARALD　SEIZES　NAUMUDAL　DISTRICT。

North　in　Naumudal　were　two　brothers；　kings；　　Herlaug　and　Hrollaug；　and　they　had　been　for　three　summers　raising　a　mound　or　tomb　of　stone　and　lime　and　of　wood。　　Just　as　the　work　was　finished；　the　brothers　got　the　news　that　King　Harald　was　coming　upon　them　with　his　army。　　Then　King　Herlaug　had　a　great　quantity　of　meat　and　drink　brought　into　the　mound；　and　went　into　it　himself；　with　eleven　companions；　and　ordered　the　mound　to　be　covered　up。　　King　Hrollaug；　on　the　contrary；　went　upon　the　summit　of　the　mound；　on　which　the　kings　were　wont　to　sit；　and　made　a　throne　to　be　erected；　upon　which　he　seated　himself。　　Then　he　ordered　feather…beds　to　be　laid