heimskringla-第63部分

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ich　the　bondes　would　not　suffer。


ENDNOTES：　（1）　　Refsithing　　a　Thing　for　punishment　by　penalty　or　death　for　　　　　　crimes　and　misdemeanours。　　L。



97。　MEETING　OF　RECONCILIATION　BETWEEN　THE　KINGS；　AND　THEIR　GAME　　　　　AT　DICE。

Thereafter　ambassadors　were　sent　to　Norway　to　King　Olaf；　with　the　errand　that　he　should　come　with　his　retinue　to　a　meeting　at　Konungahella　with　the　Swedish　kings；　and　that　the　Swedish　kings　would　there　confirm　their　reconciliation。　　When　King　Olaf　heard　this　message；　he　was　willing；　now　as　formerly；　to　enter　into　the　agreement；　and　proceeded　to　the　appointed　place。　　There　the　Swedish　kings　also　came；　and　the　relations；　when　they　met；　bound　themselves　mutually　to　peace　and　agreement。　　Olaf　the　Swedish　king　was　then　remarkably　mild　in　manner；　and　agreeable　to　talk　with。　　Thorstein　Frode　relates　of　this　meeting；　that　there　was　an　inhabited　district　in　Hising　which　had　sometimes　belonged　to　Norway；　and　sometimes　to　Gautland。　　The　kings　came　to　the　agreement　between　themselves　that　they　would　cast　lots　by　the　dice　to　determine　who　should　have　this　property；　and　that　he　who　threw　the　highest　should　have　the　district。　　The　Swedish　king　threw　two　sixes；　and　said　King　Olaf　need　scarcely　throw。　　He　replied；　while　shaking　the　dice　in　his　hand；　〃Although　there　be　two　sixes　on　the　dice；　it　would　be　easy；　sire；　for　God　Almighty　to　let　them　turn　up　in　my　favour。〃　　Then　he　threw；　and　had　sixes　also。　　Now　the　Swedish　king　threw　again；　and　had　again　two　sixes。　Olaf　king　of　Norway　then　threw；　and　had　six　upon　one　dice；　and　the　other　split　in　two；　so　as　to　make　seven　eyes　in　all　upon　it；　and　the　district　was　adjudged　to　the　king　of　Norway。　　We　have　heard　nothing　else　of　any　interest　that　took　place　at　this　meeting；　and　the　kings　separated　the　dearest　of　friends　with　each　other。



98。　OF　OLAF　OF　NORWAY；　AFTER　THE　MEETING。

After　the　events　now　related　Olaf　returned　with　his　people　to　Viken。　　He　went　first　to　Tunsberg；　and　remained　there　a　short　time；　and　then　proceeded　to　the　north　of　the　country。　　In　harvest…time　he　sailed　north　to　Throndhjem；　and　had　winter　provision　laid　in　there；　and　remained　there　all　winter　（A。D。　1090）。　　Olaf　Haraldson　was　now　sole　and　supreme　king　of　Norway；　and　the　whole　of　that　sovereignty；　as　Harald　Harfager　had　possessed　it；　and　had　the　advantage　over　that　monarch　of　being　the　only　king　in　the　land。　　By　a　peaceful　agreement　he　had　also　recovered　that　part　of　the　country　which　Olaf　the　Swedish　king　had　before　occupied；　and　that　part　of　the　country　which　the　Danish　king　had　got　he　retook　by　force；　and　ruled　over　it　as　elsewhere　in　the　country。　　The　Danish　king　Canute　ruled　at　that　time　both　over　Denmark　and　England；　but　he　himself　was　in　England　for　the　most　part；　and　set　chiefs　over　the　country　in　Denmark；　without　at　that　time　making　any　claim　upon　Norway。



99。　HISTORY　OF　THE　EARLS　OF　ORKNEY。

It　is　related　that　in　the　days　of　Harald　Harfager；　the　king　of　Norway；　the　islands　of　Orkney；　which　before　had　been　only　a　resort　for　vikings；　were　settled　。　The　first　earl　in　the　Orkney　Islands　was　called　Sigurd；　who　was　a　son　of　Eystein　Giumra；　and　brother　of　Ragnvald　earl　of　More。　　After　Sigurd　his　son　Guthorm　was　earl　for　one　year。　　After　him　Torf…Einar；　a　son　of　Ragnvald；　took　the　earldom；　and　was　long　earl；　and　was　a　man　of　great　power。　　Halfdan　Haleg；　a　son　of　Harald　Harfager；　assaulted　Torf…　Einar；　and　drove　him　from　the　Orkney　Islands；　but　Einar　came　back　and　killed　Halfdan　in　the　island　Ronaldsha。　　Thereafter　King　Harald　came　with　an　army　to　the　Orkney　Islands。　　Einar　fled　to　Scotland；　and　King　Harald　made　the　people　of　the　Orkney　Islands　give　up　their　udal　properties；　and　hold　them　under　oath　from　him。　Thereafter　the　king　and　earl　were　reconciled；　so　that　the　earl　became　the　king's　man；　and　took　the　country　as　a　fief　from　him；　but　that　it　should　pay　no　scat　or　feu…duty；　as　it　was　at　that　time　much　plundered　by　vikings。　　The　earl　paid　the　king　sixty　marks　of　gold；　and　then　King　Harald　went　to　plunder　in　Scotland；　as　related　in　the　〃Glym　Drapa〃。　　After　Torf…Einar；　his　sons　Arnkel；　Erlend；　and　Thorfin　Hausakljufer　（1）　ruled　over　these　lands。　In　their　days　came　Eirik　Blood…axe　from　Norway；　and　subdued　these　earls。　　Arnkel　and　Erlend　fell　in　a　war　expedition；　but　Thorfin　ruled　the　country　long；　and　became　an　old　man。　　His　sons　were　Arnfin；　Havard；　Hlodver；　Liot；　and　Skule。　　Their　mother　was　Grelad；　a　daughter　of　Earl　Dungad　of　Caithness。　　Her　mother　was　Groa；　a　daughter　of　Thorstein　Raud。　　In　the　latter　days　of　Earl　Thorfin　came　Eirik　Blood…axe's　sons；　who　had　fled　from　Earl　Hakon　out　of　Norway；　and　committed　great　excesses　in　Orkney。　　Earl　Thorfin　died　on　a　bed　of　sickness；　and　his　sons　after　him　ruled　over　the　country；　and　there　are　many　stories　concerning　them。　　Hlodver　lived　the　longest　of　them；　and　ruled　alone　over　this　country。　　His　son　was　Sigurd　the　Thick；　who　took　the　earldom　after　him；　and　became　a　powerful　man　and　a　great　warrior。　　In　his　days　came　Olaf　Trygvason　from　his　viking　expedition　in　the　western　ocean；　with　his　troops；　landed　in　Orkney　and　took　Earl　Sigurd　prisoner　in　South　Ronaldsha；　where　he　lay　with　one　ship。　King　Olaf　allowed　the　earl　to　ransom　his　life　by　letting　himself　be　baptized；　adopting　the　true　faith；　becoming　his　man；　and　introducing　Christianity　into　all　the　Orkney　Islands。　　As　a　hostage；　King　Olaf　took　his　son；　who　was　called　Hunde　or　Whelp。　Then　Olaf　went　to　Norway；　and　became　king；　and　Hunde　was　several　years　with　King　Olaf　in　Norway；　and　died　there。　　After　his　death　Earl　Sigurd　showed　no　obedience　or　fealty　to　King　Olaf。　　He　married　a　daughter　of　the　Scottish　king　Malcolm；　and　their　son　was　called　Thorfin。　　Earl　Sigurd　had；　besides；　older　sons；　　namely；　Sumarlide；　Bruse；　and　Einar　Rangmund。　　Four　or　five　years　after　Olaf　Tryrgvason's　fall　Earl　Sigurd　went　to　Ireland；　leaving　his　eldest　sons　to　rule　the　country；　and　sending　Thorfin　to　his　mother's　father；　the　Scottish　king。　　On　this　expedition　Earl　Sigurd　fell　in　Brian's　battle　（l）。　　When　the　news　was　received　in　Orkney；　the　brothers　Sumarlide；　Bruse；　and　Einar　were　chosen　earls；　and　the　country　was　divided　into　three　parts　among　them。　Thorfin　Sigurdson　was　five　years　old　when　Earl　Sigurd　fell。　　When　the　Scottish　king　heard　of　the　earl's　death　he　gave　his　relation　Thorfin　Caithness　and　Sutherland；　with　the　title　of　earl；　and　appointed　good　men　to　rule　the　land　for　him。　　Earl　Thorfin　was　ripe　in　all　ways　as　soon　as　he　was　grown　up：　he　was　stout　and　strong；　but　ugly；　and　as　soon　as　he　was　a　grown　man　it　was　easy　to　see　that　he　was　a　severe　and　cruel　but　a　very　clever　man。　　So　says　Arnor；　the　earls'　skald：　

　　　　　〃Under　the　rim　of　heaven　no　other；　　　　　　So　young　in　years　as　Einar's　brother；　　　　　　In　battle　had　a　braver　hand；　　　　　　Or　stouter；　to　defend　the　land。〃



ENDNOTES：　（1）　　Hausakljufer　　the　splitter　of　skulls。　　L。　（2）　　Brian's　battle　is　supposed　to　have　taken　place　on　the　23rd　　　　　　April　1014；　at　Clontart；　near　Dublin；　and　is　known　in　Irish　　　　　　history　as　the　battle　of　Clontarf；　and　was　one　of　the　　　　　　bloodiest　of　the　age。　　It　was　fought　between　a　viking　called　　　　　　Sigtryg　and　Brian　king　of　Munster；　who　gained　the　victory；　　　　　　but　lost　his　life。　　L。



100。　OF　THE　EARLS　EINAR　AND　BRUSE。

The　brothers　Einar　and　Bruse　were　very　unlike　in　disposition。　Bruse　was　a　soft…minded；　peaceable　man；　　sociable；　eloquent；　and　of　good　understanding。　　Einar　was　obstinate；　taciturn；　and　dull；　but　ambitious；　greedy　of　money；　and　withal　a　great　warrior。　Sumarlide；　the　eldest　of　the　brothers；　was　in　disposition　like　Bruse；　and　lived　not　long；　but　died　in　his　bed。　　After　his　death　Thorfin　claimed　his　share　of　the　Orkney　Islands。　　Einar　replied；　that　Thorfin　had　the　dominions　which　their　father　Sigurd　had　possessed；　namely；　Caithness　and　Sutherland；　which　he　insisted　were　much　larger　than　a　third　part　of　Orkney；　therefore　he　would　not　consent　to　Thorfin's　having　any　share。　　Bruse；　on　the　other　hand；　was　willing；　he　said；　to　divide　with　him。　　〃I　do　not…　desire；〃　he　said；　〃more　than　the　third　part　of　the　land；　and　which　of　right　belongs　to　me。〃　　Then　Einar　took　possession　of　two　parts　of　the　country；　by　which　he　became　a　powerful　man；　surrounded　by　many　followers。　　He　was　often　in　summer　out　on　marauding　expeditions；　and　called　out　great　numbers　of　the　people　to　join　him；　but　it　went　always　unpleasantly　with　the　division　of　the　booty　made　on　his　viking　cruises。　　Then　the　bondes　grew　weary　of　all　these　burdens；　but　Earl　Einar　held　fast　by　them　with　severity；　calling　in　all　services　laid　upon　the　people；　and　allowing　no　opposition　from　any　man；　for　he　was　excessively　proud　and　overbearing。　　And　now　there　came　dearth　and　scarcity　in　his　lands；　in　consequence　of　the　services　and　money　outlay　exacted　from　the　bondes；　while　in　the　part　of　the　country　belonging　to　Bruse　there　were　peace　and　plenty；　and　therefore　he　was　the　best　beloved　by　the　bondes。



101。　OF　THORKEL　AMUNDASON。

There　was　a　rich　and　powerful　man　who　was　called　Amunde；　who　dwelt　in　Hrossey　at　Sandvik；　in　Hlaupandanes。　　His　son；　called　Thorkel；　was　one　of　the　ablest　men　in　the　islands。　　Amunde　was　a　man　of　the　best　understanding；　and　most　respected　in　Orkney。　　One　spring　Earl　Einar　proclaimed　a　levy　for　an　expedition；　as　usual。　The　bondes　murmured　greatly　against　it；　and　applied　to　Amunde　with　the　entreaty　that　he　would　intercede　with　the　earl　for　them。　He　replied；　that　the　earl　was　not　a　man　who　would　listen　to　other　people；　and　insisted　that　it　was　of　no　use　to　make　any　entreaty　to　the　earl　about　it。　　〃As　things　now　stand；　there　is　a　good　understanding　between　me　and　the　earl；　but；　in　my　opinion；　there　would　be　much　danger　of　our　quarrelling；　on　account　of　our　different　dispositions　and　views　on　both　sides；　therefore　I　will　have　nothing　to　do　with　it。〃　　They　then　applied　to　Thorkel；　who　was　also　very　loath　to　interfere；　but　promised　at　last　to　do　so；　in　consequence　of　the　great　entreaty　of　the　people。　　Amunde　thought　he　had　given　his　promise　too　hastily。　　Now　when　the　earl　held　a　Thing；　Thorkel　spoke　on　account　of　the　people；　and　entreated　the　earl　to　spare　the　people　from　such　heavy　burdens；　recounting　their　necessitous　condition。　　The　earl　replies　favourably；　saying　that　he　would　take　Thorkel's　advice。　　〃I　had　intended　to　go　out　from　the　country　w