man and superman-第3部分

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or　base；　that　conflicts　with　these　ends；　and　that　assurance　is
what　you　rely　on　as　their　religion；　their　morality；　their
principles；　their　patriotism；　their　reputation；　their　honor　and
so　forth。

On　the　whole；　this　is　a　sensible　and　satisfactory　foundation　for
society。　Money　means　nourishment　and　marriage　means　children；　and
that　men　should　put　nourishment　first　and　women　children　first
is；　broadly　speaking；　the　law　of　Nature　and　not　the　dictate　of
personal　ambition。　The　secret　of　the　prosaic　man's　success；　such
as　it　is；　is　the　simplicity　with　which　he　pursues　these　ends：　the
secret　of　the　artistic　man's　failure；　such　as　that　is；　is　the
versatility　with　which　he　strays　in　all　directions　after
secondary　ideals。　The　artist　is　either　a　poet　or　a　scallawag：　as
poet；　he　cannot　see；　as　the　prosaic　man　does；　that　chivalry　is　at
bottom　only　romantic　suicide：　as　scallawag；　he　cannot　see　that　it
does　not　pay　to　spunge　and　beg　and　lie　and　brag　and　neglect　his
person。　Therefore　do　not　misunderstand　my　plain　statement　of　the
fundamental　constitution　of　London　society　as　an　Irishman's
reproach　to　your　nation。　From　the　day　I　first　set　foot　on　this
foreign　soil　I　knew　the　value　of　the　prosaic　qualities　of　which
Irishmen　teach　Englishmen　to　be　ashamed　as　well　as　I　knew　the
vanity　of　the　poetic　qualities　of　which　Englishmen　teach　Irishmen
to　be　proud。　For　the　Irishman　instinctively　disparages　the
quality　which　makes　the　Englishman　dangerous　to　him；　and　the
Englishman　instinctively　flatters　the　fault　that　makes　the
Irishman　harmless　and　amusing　to　him。　What　is　wrong　with　the
prosaic　Englishman　is　what　is　wrong　with　the　prosaic　men　of　all
countries：　stupidity。　The　vitality　which　places　nourishment　and
children　first；　heaven　and　hell　a　somewhat　remote　second；　and　the
health　of　society　as　an　organic　whole　nowhere；　may　muddle
successfully　through　the　comparatively　tribal　stages　of
gregariousness；　but　in　nineteenth　century　nations　and　twentieth
century　empires　the　determination　of　every　man　to　be　rich　at　all
costs；　and　of　every　woman　to　be　married　at　all　costs；　must；
without　a　highly　scientific　social　organization；　produce　a
ruinous　development　of　poverty；　celibacy；　prostitution；　infant
mortality；　adult　degeneracy；　and　everything　that　wise　men　most
dread。　In　short；　there　is　no　future　for　men；　however　brimming
with　crude　vitality；　who　are　neither　intelligent　nor　politically
educated　enough　to　be　Socialists。　So　do　not　misunderstand　me　in
the　other　direction　either：　if　I　appreciate　the　vital　qualities
of　the　Englishman　as　I　appreciate　the　vital　qualities　of　the　bee；
I　do　not　guarantee　the　Englishman　against　being；　like　the　bee　（or
the　Canaanite）　smoked　out　and　unloaded　of　his　honey　by　beings
inferior　to　himself　in　simple　acquisitiveness；　combativeness；　and
fecundity；　but　superior　to　him　in　imagination　and　cunning。

The　Don　Juan　play；　however；　is　to　deal　with　sexual　attraction；
and　not　with　nutrition；　and　to　deal　with　it　in　a　society　in　which
the　serious　business　of　sex　is　left　by　men　to　women；　as　the
serious　business　of　nutrition　is　left　by　women　to　men。　That　the
men；　to　protect　themselves　against　a　too　aggressive　prosecution
of　the　women's　business；　have　set　up　a　feeble　romantic　convention
that　the　initiative　in　sex　business　must　always　come　from　the
man；　is　true；　but　the　pretence　is　so　shallow　that　even　in　the
theatre；　that　last　sanctuary　of　unreality；　it　imposes　only　on　the
inexperienced。　In　Shakespear's　plays　the　woman　always　takes　the
initiative。　In　his　problem　plays　and　his　popular　plays　alike　the
love　interest　is　the　interest　of　seeing　the　woman　hunt　the　man
down。　She　may　do　it　by　blandishment；　like　Rosalind；　or　by
stratagem；　like　Mariana；　but　in　every　case　the　relation　between
the　woman　and　the　man　is　the　same：　she　is　the　pursuer　and
contriver；　he　the　pursued　and　disposed　of。　　When　she　is　baffled；
like　Ophelia；　she　goes　mad　and　commits　suicide；　and　the　man　goes
straight　from　her　funeral　to　a　fencing　match。　No　doubt　Nature；
with　very　young　creatures；　may　save　the　woman　the　trouble　of
scheming：　Prospero　knows　that　he　has　only　to　throw　Ferdinand　and
Miranda　together　and　they　will　mate　like　a　pair　of　doves；　and
there　is　no　need　for　Perdita　to　capture　Florizel　as　the　lady
doctor　in　All's　Well　That　Ends　Well　（an　early　Ibsenite　heroine）
captures　Bertram。　But　the　mature　cases　all　illustrate　the
Shakespearian　law。　The　one　apparent　exception；　Petruchio；　is　not
a　real　one：　he　is　most　carefully　characterized　as　a　purely
commercial　matrimonial　adventurer。　Once　he　is　assured　that
Katharine　has　money；　he　undertakes　to　marry　her　before　he　has
seen　her。　In　real　life　we　find　not　only　Petruchios；　but
Mantalinis　and　Dobbins　who　pursue　women　with　appeals　to　their
pity　or　jealousy　or　vanity；　or　cling　to　them　in　a　romantically
infatuated　way。　Such　effeminates　do　not　count　in　the　world
scheme：　even　Bunsby　dropping　like　a　fascinated　bird　into　the　jaws
of　Mrs　MacStinger　is　by　comparison　a　true　tragic　object　of　pity
and　terror。　I　find　in　my　own　plays　that　Woman；　projecting　herself
dramatically　by　my　hands　（a　process　over　which　I　assure　you　I
have　no　more　real　control　than　I　have　over　my　wife）；　behaves　just
as　Woman　did　in　the　plays　of　Shakespear。

And　so　your　Don　Juan　has　come　to　birth　as　a　stage　projection　of
the　tragi…comic　love　chase　of　the　man　by　the　woman；　and　my　Don
Juan　is　the　quarry　instead　of　the　huntsman。　Yet　he　is　a　true　Don
Juan；　with　a　sense　of　reality　that　disables　convention；　defying
to　the　last　the　fate　which　finally　overtakes　him。　The　woman's
need　of　him　to　enable　her　to　carry　on　Nature's　most　urgent　work；
does　not　prevail　against　him　until　his　resistance　gathers　her
energy　to　a　climax　at　which　she　dares　to　throw　away　her　customary
exploitations　of　the　conventional　affectionate　and　dutiful　poses；
and　claim　him　by　natural　right　for　a　purpose　that　far　transcends
their　mortal　personal　purposes。

Among　the　friends　to　whom　I　have　read　this　play　in　manuscript　are
some　of　our　own　sex　who　are　shocked　at　the　〃unscrupulousness；〃
meaning　the　total　disregard　of　masculine　fastidiousness；　with
which　the　woman　pursues　her　purpose。　It　does　not　occur　to　them
that　if　women　were　as　fastidious　as　men；　morally　or　physically；
there　would　be　an　end　of　the　race。　Is　there　anything　meaner
then　to　throw　necessary　work　upon　other　people　and　then　disparage
it　as　unworthy　and　indelicate。　We　laugh　at　the　haughty　American
nation　because　it　makes　the　negro　clean　its　boots　and　then　proves
the　moral　and　physical　inferiority　of　the　negro　by　the　fact　that
he　is　a　shoeblack；　but　we　ourselves　throw　the　whole　drudgery　of
creation　on　one　sex；　and　then　imply　that　no　female　of　any
womanliness　or　delicacy　would　initiate　any　effort　in　that
direction。　There　are　no　limits　to　male　hypocrisy　in　this　matter。
No　doubt　there　are　moments　when　man's　sexual　immunities　are　made
acutely　humiliating　to　him。　When　the　terrible　moment　of　birth
arrives；　its　supreme　importance　and　its　superhuman　effort　and
peril；　in　which　the　father　has　no　part；　dwarf　him　into　the
meanest　insignificance：　he　slinks　out　of　the　way　of　the　humblest
petticoat；　happy　if　he　be　poor　enough　to　be　pushed　out　of　the
house　to　outface　his　ignominy　by　drunken　rejoicings。　But　when　the
crisis　is　over　he　takes　his　revenge；　swaggering　as　the
breadwinner；　and　speaking　of　Woman's　〃sphere〃　with　condescension；
even　with　chivalry；　as　if　the　kitchen　and　the　nursery　were　less
important　than　the　office　in　the　city。　When　his　swagger　is
exhausted　he　drivels　into　erotic　poetry　or　sentimental
uxoriousness；　and　the　Tennysonian　King　Arthur　posing　as　Guinevere
becomes　Don　Quixote　grovelling　before　Dulcinea。　You　must　admit
that　here　Nature　beats　Comedy　out　of　the　field：　the　wildest
hominist　or　feminist　farce　is　insipid　after　the　most　commonplace
〃slice　of　life。〃　The　pretence　that　women　do　not　take　the
initiative　is　part　of　the　farce。　Why；　the　whole　world　is　strewn
with　snares；　traps；　gins　and　pitfalls　for　the　capture　of　men　by
women。　Give　women　the　vote；　and　in　five　years　there　will　be　a
crushing　tax　on　bachelors。　Men；　on　the　other　hand；　attach
penalties　to　marriage；　depriving　women　of　property；　of　the
franchise；　of　the　free　use　of　their　limbs；　of　that　ancient　symbol
of　immortality；　the　right　to　make　oneself　at　home　in　the　house　of
God　by　taking　off　the　hat；　of　everything　that　he　can　force　Woman
to　dispense　with　without　compelling　himself　to　dispense　with　her。
All　in　vain。　Woman　must　marry　because　the　race　must　perish
without　her　travail：　if　the　risk　of　death　and　the　certainty　of
pain；　danger　and　unutterable　discomforts　cannot　deter　her；
slavery　and　swaddled　ankles　will　not。　And　yet　we　assume　that　the
force　that　carries　women　through　all　these　perils　and　hardships；
stops　abashed　before　the　primnesses　of　our　behavior　for　young
ladies。　It　is　assumed　that　the　woman　must　wait；　motionless；　until
she　is　wooed。　Nay；　she　often　does　wait　motionless。　That　is　how
the　spider　waits　for　the　fly。　But　the　spider　spins　her　web。　And
if　the　fly；　like　my　hero；　shows　a　strength　that　promises　to
extricate　him；　how　swiftly　does　she　abandon　her　pretence　of
passiveness；　and　openly　fling　coil　after　coil　about　him　until　he
is　secured　for　ever！

If　the　really　impressive　books　and　other　art…works　of　the　world
were　produced　by　ordinary　men；　they　would　express　more　fear　of
women's　pursuit　than　love　of　their　illusory　beauty。　But　ordinary
men　cannot　produce　really　impressive　art…works。　Those　who　can　are
men　of　genius：　that　is；　men　selected　by　Nature　to　carry　on　the
work　of　building　up　an　intellectual　consciousness　of　her　own
instinctive　purpose。　Accordingly；　we　observe　in　the　man　of　genius
all　the　unscrupulousness　and　all　the　〃self…sacrifice〃　（the　two
things　are　the　same）　of　Woman。　He　will　risk　the　stake　and　the
cross；　starve；　when　necessary；　in　a　garret　all　his　life；　study
women　and　live　on　their　work　and　care　as　Darwin　studied　worms　and
lived　upon　sheep；　work　his　nerves　into　rags　without　payment；　a
sublime　altruist　in　his　disregard　of　himself；　an　atrocious
egotist　in　his　disregard　of　others。　Here　Woman　meets　a　purpose　as
impersonal；　as　irresistible　as　her　own；　and　the　clash　is
sometimes　tragic。　When　it　is　complicated　by　the　genius　being　a
woman；