the advancement of learning-第39部分

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e　wisdoms　which　we　have　set　down　to　pertain　to　civil　life；　for　wisdom　of　behaviour　it　is　by　learned　men　for　the　most　part　despised；　as　an　inferior　to　virtue；　and　an　enemy　to　meditation；　for　wisdom　of　government；　they　acquit　themselves　well；　when　they　are　called　to　it；　but　that　happeneth　to　few；　but　for　the　wisdom　of　business；　wherein　man's　life　is　most　conversant；　there　be　no　books　of　it；　except　some　few　scattered　advertisements；　that　have　no　proportion　to　the　magnitude　of　this　subject。　For　if　books　were　written　of　this；　as　the　other；　I　doubt　not　but　learned　men　with　mean　experience；　would　far　excel　men　of　long　experience　without　learning；　and　outshoot　them　in　their　own　bow。

5。　Neither　needeth　it　at　all　to　be　doubted；　that　this　knowledge　should　be　so　variable　as　it　falleth　not　under　precept；　for　it　is　much　less　infinite　than　science　of　government；　which；　we　see；　is　laboured　and　in　some　part　reduced。　Of　this　wisdom；　it　seemeth　some　of　the　ancient　Romans　in　the　saddest　and　wisest　times　were　professors；　for　Cicero　reporteth　　that　it　was　then　in　use　for　senators　that　had　name　and　opinion　for　general　wise　men；　as　Coruncanius；　Curius；　Laelius；　and　many　others；　to　walk　at　certain　hours　in　the　Place；　and　to　give　audience　to　those　that　would　use　their　advice；　and　that　the　particular　citizens　would　resort　unto　them；　and　consult　with　them　of　the　marriage　of　a　daughter；　or　of　the　employing　of　a　son；　or　of　a　purchase　or　bargain；　or　of　an　accusation；　and　every　other　occasion　incident　to　man's　life。　So　as　there　is　a　wisdom　of　counsel　and　advice　even　in　private　causes；　arising　out　of　a　universal　insight　into　the　affairs　of　the　world；　which　is　used　indeed　upon　particular　causes　propounded；　but　is　gathered　by　general　observation　of　cases　　of　like　nature。　For　so　we　see　in　the　book　which　Q。　Cicero　writeth　to　his　brother；　DE　PETITIONE　CONSULATUS；　（being　the　only　book　of　business　that　I　know　written　by　the　ancients；）　although　it　concerned　j　a　particular　action　set　on　foot；　yet　the　substance　thereof　consisteth　of　many　wise　and　politic　axioms；　which　contain　not　a　temporary；　but　a　perpetual　direction　in　the　case　of　popular　elections。　But　chiefly　we　may　see　in　those　aphorisms　which　have　place　among　divine　writings；　composed　by　Salomon　the　king；　（of　whom　the　Scriptures　testify　that　his　heart　was　as　the　sands　of　the　sea；　encompassing　the　world　and　all　worldly　matters；）　we　see；　I　say；　not　a　few　profound　and　excellent　cautions；　precepts；　positions；　extending　to　much　variety　of　occasions；　whereupon　we　will　stay　awhile；　offering　to　consideration　some　number　of　examples。

6。　SED　ET　CUNCTIS　SERMONIBUS　QUI　DICUNTUR　NE　ACCOMMODES　AUREM　TUAM；　NE　FORTE　AUDIAS　SERVUM　TUUM　MALEDICENTEM　TIBI。　Here　is　concluded　the　provident　stay　of　inquiry　of　that　which　we　would　be　loth　to　find：　as　it　was　judged　great　wisdom　in　Pompeius　Magnus　that　he　burned　Sertorius'　papers　unperused。

VIR　SAPIENS；　SI　CUM　STULTO　CONTENDERIT；　SIVE　IRASCATUR；　SIVE　RIDEAT；　NON　INVENIET　REQUIEM。　Here　is　described　the　great　disadvantage　which　a　wise　man　hath　in　undertaking　a　lighter　person　than　himself；　which　is　such　an　engagement　as；　whether　a　man　turn　the　matter　to　jest；　or　turn　it　to　heat；　or　howsoever　he　change　copy；　he　can　no　ways　quit　himself　well　of　it。

QUI　DELICAT？A　PUERITI？NUTRIT　SERVUM　SUUM；　POSTEA　SENTIET　EUM　CONTUMACEM。　Here　is　signified；　that　if　a　man　begin　too　high　a　pitch　in　his　favours；　it　doth　commonly　end　in　unkindness　and　unthankfulness。

＇67＇　VIDISTI　VIRUM　VELOCEM　IN　OPERE　SUO　？　CORAM　REGIBUS　STABIT；　NEC　ERIT　INTER　IGNOBILES。　Here　is　observed；　that　of　all　virtues　for　rising　to　honour；　quickness　of　despatch　is　the　best；　for　superiors　many　times　love　not　to　have　those　they　employ　too　deep　or　too　sufficient；　but　ready　and　diligent。

VIDI　CUNCTOS　VIVENTES　QUI　AMBULANT　SUB　SOLE；　CUM　ADOLESCENTE　SECUNDO　QUI　CONSURGIT　PRO　EO。　Here　is　expressed　that　which　was　noted　by　Sylla　first；　and　after　him　by　Tiberius；　Plures　adorant　solem　orientem　quam　occidentem　vel　meridianum。

SI　SPIRITUS　POTESTATEM　HABENTIS　ASCENDERIT　SUPER　TE；　LOCUM　TUUM　NE　DEMISERIS；　QUIA　CURATIO　FACIET　CESSARE　PECCATA　MAXIMA。　Here　caution　is　given；　that　upon　displeasure；　retiring　is　of　all　courses　the　unfittest；　for　a　man　leaveth　things　at　worst；　and　depriveth　himself　of　means　to　make　them　better。

ERAT　CIVITAS　PARVA；　ET　PAUCI　IN　EA　VIRI：　VENIT　CONTRA　EAM　REX　MAGNUS；　ET　VADAVIT　EAM；　INSTRUXITQUE　MUNITIONES　PER　GYRUM；　ET　PERFECTA　EST　OBSIDIO；　INVENTUSQUE　EST　IN　EA　VIR　PAUPER　ET　SAPIENS；　ET　LIBERAVIT　EAM　PER　SAPIENTIAM　SUAM；　ET　NULLUS　DEINCEPS　RECORDATUS　EST　HOMINIS　ILLIUS　PAUPERIS。　Here　the　corruption　of　states　is　set　forth；　that　esteem　not　virtue　or　merit　longer　than　they　have　use　of　it。

MOLLIS　RESPONSIO　FRANGIT　IRAM。　Here　is　noted　that　silence　or　rough　answer　exasperateth；　but　an　answer　present　and　temperate　pacifieth。

ITER　PIGRORUM　QUASI　SEPES　SPINARUM。　Here　is　lively　represented　how　laborious　sloth　proveth　in　the　end；　for　when　things　are　deferred　till　the　last　instant；　and　nothing　prepared　beforehand；　every　step　findeth　a　brier　or　an　impediment；　which　catcheth　or　stoppeth。

MELIOR　EST　FINIS　ORATIONIS　QUAM　PRINCIPIUM。　Here　is　taxed　the　vanity　of　formal　speakers；　that　study　more　about　prefaces　and　inducements；　than　upon　the　conclusions　and　issues　of　speech。

QUI　COGNOSCIT　IN　JUDICIO　FACIEM；　NON　BENE　FACIT；　ISTE　ET　PRO　BUCELLA　PANIS　DESERET　VERITATEM。　Here　is　noted；　that　a　judge　were　better　be　a　briber　than　a　respecter　of　persons；　for　a　corrupt　judge　offendeth　not　so　lightly　　as　a　facile。

VIR　PAUPER　CALUMNIANS　PAUPERES　SIMILIS　EST　IMBRI　VEHEMENTI；　IN　QUO　PARATUR　FAMES。　Here　is　expressed　the　extremity　of　necessitous　extortions；　figured　in　the　ancient　fable　of　the　full　and　the　hungry　horseleech。

FONS　TURBATUS　PEDE；　ET　VENA　CORRUPTA；　EST　JUSTUS　CADENS　CORAM　IMPIO。　Here　is　noted；　that　one　judicial　and　exemplar　iniquity　in　the　face　of　the　world；　doth　trouble　the　fountains　of　justice　more　than　many　particular　injuries　passed　over　by　connivance。

QUI　SUBTRAHIT　ALIQUID　A　PATRE　ET　A　MATRE；　ET　DICIT　HOC　NON　ESSE　PECCATUM；　PARTICEPS　EST　HOMICIDII。　Here　is　noted；　that　whereas　men　in　wronging　their　best　friends　use　to　extenuate　their　fault；　as　if　they　might　presume　or　be　bold　upon　them；　it　doth　contrariwise　indeed　aggravate　their　fault；　and　turneth　it　from　injury　to　impiety。

NOLI　ESSE　AMICUS　HOMINI　IRACUNDO；　NEC　AMBULATO　CUM　HOMINE　FURIOSO。　Here　caution　is　given；　that　in　the　election　of　our　friends　we　do　principally　avoid　those　which　are　impatient；　as　those　that　will　espouse　us　to　many　factions　and　quarrels。

QUI　CONTURBAT　DOMUM　SUAM；　POSSIDEBIT　VENTUM。　Here　is　noted；　that　in　domestical　separations　and　breaches　men　do　promise　to　themselves　quieting　of　their　mind　and　contentment；　but　still　they　are　deceived　of　their　expectation；　and　it　turneth　to　wind。

FILIUS　SAPIENS　LAETIFICAT　PATREM：　FILIUS　VERO　STULTUS　MAESTITIA　EST　PATRI　SUAE。　Here　is　distinguished；　that　fathers　have　most　comfort　of　the　good　proof　of　their　sons；　but　mothers　have　most　discomfort　of　their　ill　proof；　because　women　have　little　discerning　of　virtue；　but　of　fortune。

QUI　CELAT　DELICTUM；　QUAERIT　AMICITIAM；　SED　QUI　ALTERO　SERMONE　REPETIT；　SEPARAT　FOEDERATOS。　Here　caution　is　given；　that　reconcilement　is　better　managed　by　an　amnesty；　and　passing　over　that　which　is　past；　than　by　apologies　and　excusations。

IN　OMNI　OPERE　BONO　ERIT　ABUNDANTIA；　UBI　AUTEM　VERBA　SUNT　PLURIMA；　IBI　FREQUENTER　EGESTAS。　Here　is　noted；　that　words　and　discourse　abound　most　where　there　is　idleness　and　want。

PRIMUS　IN　SUA　CAUSA　JUSTUS；　SED　VENIT　ALTERA　PARS；　ET　INQUIRET　IN　EUM。　Here　is　observed；　that　in　all　causes　the　first　tale　possesseth　much；　in　sort　that　the　prejudice　thereby　wrought　will　be　hardly　removed；　except　some　abuse　or　falsity　in　the　information　be　detected。


VERBA　BILINGUIS　QUASI　SIMPLICIA；　ET　IPSA　PERVENIUNT　AD　INTERIORA　VENTRIS。　Here　is　distinguished；　that　flattery　and　insinuation；　which　seemeth　set　and　artificial；　sinketh　not　far；　but　that　entereth　deep　which　hath　show　of　nature；　liberty；　and　simplicity。

QUI　ERUDIT　DERISOREM；　IPSE　SIBI　INJURIAM　FACIT；　ET　QUI　ARGUIT　IMPIUM；　SIBI　MACULAM　GENERAT。　Here　caution　is　given　how　we　tender　reprehension　to　arrogant　and　scornful　natures；　whose　manner　is　to　esteem　it　for　contumely；　and　accordingly　to　return　it。

DA　SAPIENTI　OCCASIONEM；　ET　ADDETUR　EI　SAPIENTIA。　Here　is　distinguished　the　wisdom　brought　into　habit；　and　that　which　is　but　verbal；　and　swimming　only　in　conceit；　for　the　one　upon　occasion　presented　is　quickened　and　redoubled；　the　other　is　amazed　and　confused。

QUOMODO　IN　AQUIS　RESPLENDENT　VULTUS　PROSPICIENTIUM；　SIC　CORDA　HOMINUM　MANIFESTA　SUNT　PRUDENTIBUS。　Here　the　mind　of　a　wise　man　is　compared　to　a　glass；　wherein　the　images　of　all　diversity　of　natures　and　customs　are　represented；　from　which　representation　proceedeth　that　application；

Qui　sapit；　innumeris　moribus　aptus　erit。

7。　Thus　have　I　stayed　somewhat　longer　upon　these　sentences　politic　of　Salomon　than　is　agreeable　to　the　proportion　of　an　example；　led　with　a　desire　to　give　authority　to　this　part　of　knowledge；　which　I　noted　as　deficient；　by　so　excellent　a　precedent；　and　have　also　attended　them　with　brief　observations；　such　as　to　my　understanding　offer　no　violence　to　the　sense；　though　I　know　they　may　be　applied　to　a　more　divine　use：　but　it　is　allowed；　even　in　divinity；　that　some　interpretations；　yea；　and　some　writings；　have　more　of　the　eagle　than　others；　but　taking　them　as　instructions　for　life；　they　might　have　received　large　＇68＇　discourse；　if　I　would　have　broken　them　and　illustrated　them　by　deducements　and　examples。

8。　Neither　was　this　in　use　only　with　the　Hebrews；　but　it　is　generally　to　be　found　in　the　wisdom　of　the　more　ancient　times；　that　as　men　found　out　any　observation　that　they　thought　was　good　for　life；　they　would　gather　it；　and　express　it　in　parable；　or　aphorism；　or　fable。　But　for　fables；　they　were　vicegerents　and　supplies　where　examples　failed：　now　that　the　times　abound　with　history；　the　aim　is　better　when　the　mark　is　alive。　And　therefore　the　form　of　writing　which　of　all　others　is　fittest　for　this　variable　argument　of　negotiation　and　occasions　is　that　which　Machiavel　chose　wisely　and　aptly　for　government；　namely；　discourse　upon　histories　or　examples。　For　knowledge　drawn　freshly；　and　in　our　view；　out　of　particulars；　knoweth　the　way　b