ÓÑÇéÌáʾ£ºÈç¹û±¾ÍøÒ³´ò¿ªÌ«Âý»òÏÔʾ²»ÍêÕû£¬Çë³¢ÊÔÊó±êÓÒ¼ü¡°Ë¢Ð¡±±¾ÍøÒ³£¡
ºÏ×âС˵Íø ·µ»Ø±¾ÊéĿ¼ ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ© ÎÒµÄÊé¼Ü ÎÒµÄÊéÇ© TXTÈ«±¾ÏÂÔØ ¡ºÊղص½ÎÒµÄä¯ÀÀÆ÷¡»

shorter logic-µÚ43²¿·Ö

¿ì½Ý²Ù×÷: °´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·­Ò³ °´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ °´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿! Èç¹û±¾ÊéûÓÐÔĶÁÍ꣬ÏëÏ´μÌÐø½Ó×ÅÔĶÁ£¬¿ÉʹÓÃÉÏ·½ "Êղص½ÎÒµÄä¯ÀÀÆ÷" ¹¦ÄÜ ºÍ "¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©" ¹¦ÄÜ£¡


their¡¡development¡¡and¡¡inward¡¡character¡£¡¡It¡¡is¡¡no¡¡better¡¡than¡¡a¡¡whim¡¡of¡¡the¡¡understanding£»
therefore£»¡¡if¡¡we¡¡attach¡¡the¡¡qualificatory¡¡'in¡­itself''¡¡to¡¡the¡¡thing¡¡only¡£¡¡But¡¡this¡¡'in¡­itself'¡¡is¡¡also¡¡applied
to¡¡the¡¡facts¡¡of¡¡the¡¡mental¡¡as¡¡well¡¡as¡¡the¡¡natural¡¡world£º¡¡as¡¡we¡¡speak¡¡of¡¡electricity¡¡or¡¡of¡¡a¡¡plant¡¡in
itself£»¡¡so¡¡we¡¡speak¡¡of¡¡man¡¡or¡¡the¡¡state¡¡in¡­itself¡£¡¡

By¡¡this¡¡'in¡­itself'¡¡in¡¡these¡¡objects£»¡¡we¡¡are¡¡meant¡¡to¡¡understand¡¡what¡¡they¡¡strictly¡¡and¡¡properly¡¡are¡£
This¡¡usage¡¡is¡¡liable¡¡to¡¡the¡¡same¡¡criticism¡¡as¡¡the¡¡phrase¡¡'thing¡­in¡­itself'¡£¡¡For¡¡if¡¡we¡¡stick¡¡to¡¡the¡¡mere
'in¡­itself'¡¡of¡¡an¡¡object£»¡¡we¡¡apprehend¡¡it¡¡not¡¡in¡¡its¡¡truth£»¡¡but¡¡in¡¡the¡¡inadequate¡¡form¡¡of¡¡mere
abstraction¡£¡¡Thus¡¡the¡¡man£»¡¡in¡¡himself£»¡¡is¡¡the¡¡child¡£¡¡And¡¡what¡¡the¡¡child¡¡has¡¡to¡¡do¡¡is¡¡to¡¡rise¡¡out¡¡of¡¡this
abstract¡¡and¡¡undeveloped¡¡'in¡­himself'¡¡and¡¡become¡¡'for¡¡himself'¡¡what¡¡he¡¡is¡¡at¡¡first¡¡only¡¡'in¡­himself'¡¡¡­
a¡¡free¡¡and¡¡reasonable¡¡being¡£¡¡Similarly£»¡¡the¡¡state¡­in¡­itself¡¡is¡¡the¡¡yet¡¡immature¡¡and¡¡patriarchal¡¡state£»
where¡¡the¡¡various¡¡political¡¡functions£»¡¡latent¡¡in¡¡the¡¡notion¡¡of¡¡the¡¡state£»¡¡have¡¡not¡¡received¡¡the¡¡full
logical¡¡constitution¡¡which¡¡the¡¡logic¡¡of¡¡political¡¡principles¡¡demands¡£¡¡

In¡¡the¡¡same¡¡sense£»¡¡the¡¡germ¡¡may¡¡be¡¡called¡¡the¡¡plant¡­in¡­itself¡£¡¡These¡¡examples¡¡may¡¡show¡¡the
mistake¡¡of¡¡supposing¡¡that¡¡the¡¡'thing¡­in¡­itself'¡¡of¡¡things¡¡is¡¡something¡¡inaccessible¡¡to¡¡our¡¡cognition¡£¡¡All
things¡¡are¡¡originally¡¡in¡­themselves£»¡¡but¡¡that¡¡is¡¡not¡¡the¡¡end¡¡of¡¡the¡¡matter¡£¡¡As¡¡the¡¡germ£»¡¡being¡¡the
plant¡­in¡­itself£»¡¡means¡¡self¡­development£»¡¡so¡¡the¡¡thing¡¡in¡¡general¡¡passes¡¡beyond¡¡its¡¡in¡­itself¡¡£¨the
abstract¡¡reflection¡¡on¡¡self£©¡¡to¡¡manifest¡¡itself¡¡further¡¡as¡¡a¡¡reflection¡¡on¡¡other¡¡things¡£¡¡It¡¡is¡¡this¡¡sense
that¡¡it¡¡has¡¡properties¡£¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨c£©¡¡The¡¡Thing
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ì¡¡125
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Properties
£§a£§¡¡The¡¡Thing¡¡is¡¡the¡¡totality¡­the¡¡development¡¡in¡¡explicit¡¡unity¡¡of¡¡the¡¡categories¡¡of
the¡¡ground¡¡and¡¡of¡¡existence¡£¡¡On¡¡the¡¡side¡¡of¡¡one¡¡of¡¡its¡¡factors£»¡¡viz¡£
reflection¡­on¡­other¡­things£»¡¡it¡¡has¡¡in¡¡it¡¡the¡¡differences£»¡¡in¡¡virtue¡¡of¡¡which¡¡it¡¡is¡¡a
characterised¡¡and¡¡concrete¡¡thing¡£¡¡These¡¡characteristics¡¡are¡¡different¡¡from¡¡one
another£»¡¡they¡¡have¡¡their¡¡reflection¡­into¡­self¡¡not¡¡on¡¡their¡¡own¡¡part£»¡¡but¡¡on¡¡the¡¡part
of¡¡the¡¡thing¡£¡¡They¡¡are¡¡Properties¡¡of¡¡the¡¡thing£º¡¡and¡¡their¡¡relation¡¡to¡¡the¡¡thing¡¡is
expressed¡¡by¡¡the¡¡word¡¡'have'¡£¡¡

As¡¡a¡¡term¡¡of¡¡relation£»¡¡'to¡¡have'¡¡takes¡¡the¡¡place¡¡of¡¡'to¡¡be'¡£¡¡True£»¡¡somewhat¡¡has
qualities¡¡on¡¡its¡¡part¡¡too£º¡¡but¡¡this¡¡transference¡¡of¡¡'having'¡¡into¡¡the¡¡sphere¡¡of¡¡Being
is¡¡inexact£»¡¡because¡¡the¡¡character¡¡as¡¡quality¡¡is¡¡directly¡¡one¡¡with¡¡the¡¡somewhat£»¡¡and
the¡¡somewhat¡¡ceases¡¡to¡¡be¡¡when¡¡it¡¡loses¡¡its¡¡quality¡£¡¡But¡¡the¡¡thing¡¡is
reflection¡­into¡­self£º¡¡for¡¡it¡¡is¡¡an¡¡identity¡¡which¡¡is¡¡also¡¡distinct¡¡from¡¡the¡¡difference£»
i¡£e¡£¡¡from¡¡its¡¡attributes¡£¡¡In¡¡many¡¡languages¡¡'have'¡¡is¡¡employed¡¡to¡¡denote¡¡past¡¡time¡£
And¡¡with¡¡reason£º¡¡for¡¡the¡¡past¡¡is¡¡absorbed£»¡¡or¡¡suspended¡¡being£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡mind¡¡is¡¡its
reflection¡­into¡­self£»¡¡in¡¡the¡¡mind¡¡only¡¡it¡¡continues¡¡to¡¡subsist¡­the¡¡mind£»¡¡however£»
distinguishing¡¡from¡¡itself¡¡this¡¡being¡¡in¡¡it¡¡which¡¡has¡¡been¡¡absorbed¡¡or¡¡suspended¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ì¡¡125n

In¡¡the¡¡Thing¡¡all¡¡the¡¡characteristics¡¡of¡¡reflection¡¡recur¡¡as¡¡existent¡£¡¡Thus¡¡the¡¡thing£»¡¡in¡¡its¡¡initial¡¡aspect£»
as¡¡the¡¡thing¡­by¡­itself£»¡¡is¡¡the¡¡selfsame¡¡or¡¡identical¡£¡¡But¡¡identity£»¡¡it¡¡was¡¡proved£»¡¡is¡¡not¡¡found¡¡without
difference£º¡¡so¡¡the¡¡properties£»¡¡which¡¡the¡¡thing¡¡has£»¡¡are¡¡the¡¡existent¡¡difference¡¡in¡¡the¡¡form¡¡of
diversity¡£¡¡In¡¡the¡¡case¡¡of¡¡diversity¡¡of¡¡variety¡¡each¡¡diverse¡¡member¡¡exhibited¡¡an¡¡indifference¡¡to¡¡every
other£»¡¡and¡¡they¡¡had¡¡no¡¡other¡¡relation¡¡to¡¡each¡¡other£»¡¡save¡¡what¡¡was¡¡given¡¡by¡¡a¡¡comparison¡¡external
to¡¡them¡£¡¡But¡¡now¡¡in¡¡the¡¡thing¡¡we¡¡have¡¡a¡¡bond¡¡which¡¡keeps¡¡the¡¡various¡¡properties¡¡in¡¡union¡£
Property£»¡¡besides£»¡¡should¡¡not¡¡be¡¡confused¡¡with¡¡quality¡£¡¡No¡¡doubt£»¡¡we¡¡also¡¡say£»¡¡a¡¡thing¡¡has
qualities¡£¡¡But¡¡the¡¡phraseology¡¡is¡¡a¡¡misplaced¡¡one£º¡¡'having'¡¡hints¡¡at¡¡an¡¡independence£»¡¡foreign¡¡to¡¡the
'somewhat'£»¡¡which¡¡is¡¡still¡¡directly¡¡identical¡¡with¡¡its¡¡quality¡£¡¡Somewhat¡¡is¡¡what¡¡it¡¡is¡¡only¡¡by¡¡its¡¡quality£º
whereas£»¡¡though¡¡the¡¡thing¡¡indeed¡¡exists¡¡only¡¡as¡¡it¡¡has¡¡its¡¡properties£»¡¡it¡¡is¡¡not¡¡confined¡¡to¡¡this¡¡or¡¡that
definite¡¡property£»¡¡and¡¡can¡¡therefore¡¡lose¡¡it£»¡¡without¡¡ceasing¡¡to¡¡be¡¡what¡¡it¡¡is¡£¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ì¡¡126
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Matters

£§b£§¡¡Even¡¡in¡¡the¡¡ground£»¡¡however£»¡¡the¡¡reflection¡­on¡­something¡­else¡¡is¡¡directly
convertible¡¡with¡¡reflection¡­on¡­self¡£¡¡And¡¡hence¡¡the¡¡properties¡¡are¡¡not¡¡merely
different¡¡from¡¡each¡¡other£»¡¡they¡¡are¡¡also¡¡self¡­identical£»¡¡independent£»¡¡and¡¡relieved
from¡¡their¡¡attachment¡¡to¡¡the¡¡thing¡£¡¡Still£»¡¡as¡¡they¡¡are¡¡the¡¡characters¡¡of¡¡the¡¡thing
distinguished¡¡from¡¡one¡¡another¡¡£¨as¡¡reflected¡­into¡­self£©£»¡¡they¡¡are¡¡not¡¡themselves
things£»¡¡if¡¡things¡¡be¡¡concrete£»¡¡but¡¡only¡¡existences¡¡reflected¡¡into¡¡themselves¡¡as
abstract¡¡characters¡£¡¡They¡¡are¡¡what¡¡are¡¡called¡¡Matters¡£¡¡

Nor¡¡is¡¡the¡¡name¡¡'things'¡¡given¡¡to¡¡Matters£»¡¡such¡¡as¡¡magnetic¡¡and¡¡electric¡¡matters¡£
They¡¡are¡¡qualities¡¡proper£»¡¡a¡¡reflected¡¡Being¡­One¡¡with¡¡their¡¡Being¡­they¡¡are¡¡the
character¡¡that¡¡has¡¡reached¡¡immediacy£»¡¡existence£º¡¡they¡¡are¡¡'entities'¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ì¡¡126n

To¡¡elevate¡¡the¡¡properties£»¡¡which¡¡the¡¡Thing¡¡has£»¡¡to¡¡the¡¡independent¡¡position¡¡of¡¡matters£»¡¡or¡¡materials
of¡¡which¡¡it¡¡consists£»¡¡is¡¡a¡¡proceeding¡¡based¡¡upon¡¡the¡¡notion¡¡of¡¡a¡¡Thing£º¡¡and¡¡for¡¡that¡¡reason¡¡is¡¡also
found¡¡in¡¡experience¡£¡¡Thought¡¡and¡¡experience¡¡however¡¡alike¡¡protest¡¡against¡¡concluding¡¡from¡¡the
fact¡¡that¡¡certain¡¡properties¡¡of¡¡a¡¡thing£»¡¡such¡¡as¡¡colour£»¡¡or¡¡smell£»¡¡may¡¡be¡¡represented¡¡as¡¡particular
colouring¡¡or¡¡odorific¡¡matters£»¡¡that¡¡we¡¡are¡¡then¡¡at¡¡the¡¡end¡¡of¡¡the¡¡inquiry£»¡¡and¡¡that¡¡nothing¡¡more¡¡is
needed¡¡to¡¡penetrate¡¡to¡¡the¡¡true¡¡secret¡¡of¡¡things¡¡than¡¡a¡¡disintegration¡¡of¡¡them¡¡into¡¡their¡¡component
materials¡£¡¡This¡¡disintegration¡¡into¡¡independent¡¡matters¡¡is¡¡properly¡¡restricted¡¡to¡¡inorganic¡¡nature
only¡£¡¡The¡¡chemist¡¡is¡¡in¡¡the¡¡right£»¡¡therefore£»¡¡when£»¡¡for¡¡example£»¡¡he¡¡analyses¡¡common¡¡salt¡¡or¡¡gypsum
into¡¡its¡¡elements£»¡¡and¡¡finds¡¡that¡¡the¡¡former¡¡consists¡¡of¡¡muriatic¡¡acid¡¡and¡¡soda£»¡¡the¡¡latter¡¡of¡¡sulphuric
acid¡¡and¡¡calcium¡£¡¡So¡¡too¡¡the¡¡geologist¡¡does¡¡well¡¡to¡¡regard¡¡granite¡¡as¡¡a¡¡compound¡¡of¡¡quartz£»
felspar£»¡¡and¡¡mica¡£¡¡These¡¡matters£»¡¡again£»¡¡of¡¡which¡¡the¡¡thing¡¡consists£»¡¡are¡¡themselves¡¡partly¡¡things£»
which¡¡in¡¡that¡¡way¡¡may¡¡be¡¡once¡¡more¡¡reduced¡¡to¡¡more¡¡abstract¡¡matters¡£¡¡Sulphuric¡¡acid£»¡¡for
example£»¡¡is¡¡a¡¡compound¡¡of¡¡sulphur¡¡and¡¡oxygen¡£¡¡Such¡¡matters¡¡or¡¡bodies¡¡can¡¡as¡¡a¡¡matter¡¡of¡¡fact¡¡be
exhibited¡¡as¡¡subsisting¡¡by¡¡themselves£º¡¡but¡¡frequently¡¡we¡¡find¡¡other¡¡properties¡¡of¡¡things£»¡¡entirely
wanting¡¡this¡¡self¡­subsistence£»¡¡also¡¡regarded¡¡as¡¡particular¡¡matters¡£¡¡Thus¡¡we¡¡hear¡¡caloric£»¡¡and
electrical¡¡or¡¡magnetic¡¡matters¡¡spoken¡¡of¡£¡¡Such¡¡matters¡¡are¡¡at¡¡the¡¡best¡¡figments¡¡of¡¡understanding¡£
And¡¡we¡¡see¡¡here¡¡the¡¡usual¡¡procedure¡¡of¡¡the¡¡abstract¡¡reflection¡¡of¡¡understanding¡£¡¡Capriciously
adopting¡¡single¡¡categories£»¡¡whose¡¡value¡¡entirely¡¡depends¡¡on¡¡their¡¡place¡¡in¡¡the¡¡gradual¡¡evolution¡¡of
the¡¡logical¡¡idea£»¡¡it¡¡employs¡¡them¡¡in¡¡the¡¡pretended¡¡interests¡¡of¡¡explanation£»¡¡but¡¡in¡¡the¡¡face¡¡of¡¡plain£»
unprejudiced¡¡perception¡¡and¡¡experience£»¡¡so¡¡as¡¡to¡¡trace¡¡back¡¡to¡¡them¡¡every¡¡object¡¡investigated¡£
Nor¡¡is¡¡this¡¡all¡£¡¡The¡¡theory£»¡¡which¡¡makes¡¡things¡¡consist¡¡of¡¡independent¡¡matters£»¡¡is¡¡frequently¡¡applied
in¡¡a¡¡region¡¡where¡¡it¡¡has¡¡neither¡¡meaning¡¡nor¡¡force¡£¡¡For¡¡within¡¡the¡¡limits¡¡of¡¡nature¡¡even£»¡¡wherever
there¡¡is¡¡organic¡¡life£»¡¡this¡¡category¡¡is¡¡obviously¡¡inadequate¡£¡¡An¡¡animal¡¡may¡¡be¡¡said¡¡to¡¡consist¡¡of
bones£»¡¡muscles£»¡¡nerves£»¡¡etc¡££º¡¡but¡¡evidently¡¡we¡¡are¡¡here¡¡using¡¡the¡¡term¡¡'consist'¡¡in¡¡a¡¡very¡¡different
sense¡¡from¡¡its¡¡use¡¡when¡¡we¡¡spoke¡¡of¡¡the¡¡piece¡¡of¡¡granite¡¡as¡¡consisting¡¡of¡¡the¡¡above¡­mentioned
elements¡£¡¡The¡¡elements¡¡of¡¡granite¡¡are¡¡utterly¡¡indifferent¡¡to¡¡their¡¡combination£º¡¡they¡¡could¡¡subsist¡¡as
well¡¡without¡¡it¡£¡¡The¡¡different¡¡parts¡¡and¡¡members¡¡of¡¡an¡¡organic¡¡body¡¡on¡¡the¡¡contrary¡¡subsist¡¡only¡¡in
their¡¡union£º¡¡they¡¡cease¡¡to¡¡exist¡¡as¡¡such£»¡¡when¡¡they¡¡are¡¡separated¡¡from¡¡each¡¡other¡£¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ì¡¡127

Thus¡¡Matter¡¡is¡¡the¡¡mere¡¡abstract¡¡or¡¡indeterminate¡¡reflection¡­into¡­something¡­else£»
or¡¡reflection¡­into¡­self¡¡at¡¡the¡¡same¡¡time¡¡as¡¡determinate£»¡¡it¡¡is¡¡consequently
Thinghood¡¡which¡¡then¡¡and¡¡there¡¡is¡¡the¡¡subsistence¡¡of¡¡the¡¡thing¡£¡¡By¡¡this¡¡means¡¡the
thing¡¡has¡¡on¡¡the¡¡part¡¡of¡¡the¡¡matters¡¡its¡¡reflection¡­into¡­self¡¡£¨the¡¡reverse¡¡of¡¡¡ì¡¡125£©£»
it¡¡subsists¡¡not¡¡on¡¡its¡¡own¡¡part£»¡¡but¡¡consists¡¡of¡¡the¡¡matters£»¡¡and¡¡is¡¡only¡¡a¡¡superficial
association¡¡between¡¡them£»¡¡an¡¡external¡¡combination¡¡of¡¡them¡£¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ì¡¡128
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Form

£§c£§¡¡Matter£»¡¡being¡¡the¡¡immediate¡¡unity¡¡of¡¡existence¡¡with¡¡itself£»¡¡is¡¡also¡¡indifferent
towards¡¡specific¡¡character¡£¡¡Hence¡¡the¡¡numerous¡¡diverse¡¡matters¡¡coalesce¡¡into¡¡the
one¡¡Matter£»¡¡or¡¡into¡¡existence¡¡under¡¡the¡¡reflective¡¡characteristic¡¡of¡¡identity¡£¡¡In
contrast¡¡to¡¡this¡¡one¡¡Matter¡¡these¡¡distinct¡¡properties¡¡and¡¡their¡¡external¡¡relation
which¡¡they¡¡have¡¡to¡¡one¡¡another¡¡in¡¡the¡¡thing£»¡¡constitute¡¡the¡¡Form¡¡¡­the¡¡reflective
category¡¡of¡¡difference£»¡¡but¡¡a¡¡difference¡¡which¡¡exists¡¡and¡¡is¡¡a¡¡totality¡£¡¡

This¡¡one¡¡featureless¡¡Matter¡¡is¡¡also¡¡the¡¡same¡¡as¡¡the¡¡Thing¡­in¡­itself¡¡was£º¡¡only¡¡the
latter¡¡is¡¡intrinsically¡¡quite¡¡abstract£»¡¡while¡¡the¡¡former¡¡essentially¡¡implies¡¡relation¡¡to
something¡¡else£»¡¡and¡¡in¡¡the¡¡first¡¡place¡¡to¡¡the¡¡Form¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ì¡¡128n

The¡¡various¡¡matters¡¡of¡¡which¡¡the¡¡thing¡¡consists¡¡are¡¡potentially¡¡the¡¡same¡¡as¡¡one¡¡another¡£¡¡Thus¡¡we
get¡¡one¡¡Matter¡¡in¡¡general¡¡to¡¡which¡¡the¡¡difference¡¡is¡¡expressly¡¡attached¡¡externally¡¡and¡¡as¡¡a¡¡bare
form¡£¡¡This¡¡theory¡¡which¡¡holds¡¡things¡¡all¡¡round¡¡to¡¡have¡¡one¡¡and¡¡the¡¡same¡¡matter¡¡at¡¡bottom£»¡¡and
merely¡¡to¡¡differ¡¡externally¡¡in¡¡respect¡¡of¡¡form£»¡¡is¡¡much¡¡in¡¡vogue¡¡with¡¡the¡¡reflective¡¡understanding¡£
Matter¡¡in¡¡that¡¡case¡¡counts¡¡for¡¡naturally¡¡indeterminate£»¡¡but¡¡susceptible¡¡of¡¡any¡¡determination£»¡¡while
at¡¡the¡¡same¡¡time¡¡it¡¡is¡¡perfectly¡¡permanent£»¡¡and¡¡continues¡¡the¡¡same¡¡amid¡¡all¡¡change¡¡and¡¡alteration¡£
And¡¡in¡¡finite¡¡things¡¡at¡¡least¡¡this¡¡disregard¡¡of¡¡matter¡¡f¡¡or¡¡any¡¡determinate¡¡form¡¡is¡¡certainly¡¡exhibited¡£
For¡¡example£»¡¡it¡¡matters¡¡not¡¡to¡¡a¡¡block¡¡of¡¡marble£»¡¡whether¡¡it¡¡receive¡¡the¡¡form¡¡of¡¡this¡¡or¡¡that¡¡statue
or¡¡even¡¡the¡¡form¡¡of¡¡a¡¡pillar¡£¡¡Be¡¡it¡¡noted¡¡however¡¡that¡¡a¡¡block¡¡of¡¡marble¡¡can¡¡disregard¡¡form¡¡only
relatively£»¡¡that¡¡is£»¡¡in¡¡reference¡¡to¡¡the¡¡sculptor£º¡¡it¡¡is¡¡by¡¡no¡¡means¡¡purely¡¡formless¡£¡¡And¡¡so¡¡the
mineralogist¡¡considers¡¡the
·µ»ØĿ¼ ÉÏÒ»Ò³ ÏÂÒ»Ò³ »Øµ½¶¥²¿ ÔÞ£¨0£© ²È£¨0£©
¿ì½Ý²Ù×÷: °´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·­Ò³ °´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ °´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿!
ÎÂÜ°Ìáʾ£º ο´Ð¡ËµµÄͬʱ·¢±íÆÀÂÛ£¬Ëµ³ö×Ô¼ºµÄ¿´·¨ºÍÆäËüС»ï°éÃÇ·ÖÏíÒ²²»´íŶ£¡·¢±íÊéÆÀ»¹¿ÉÒÔ»ñµÃ»ý·ÖºÍ¾­Ñé½±Àø£¬ÈÏÕæдԭ´´ÊéÆÀ ±»²ÉÄÉΪ¾«ÆÀ¿ÉÒÔ»ñµÃ´óÁ¿½ð±Ò¡¢»ý·ÖºÍ¾­Ñé½±ÀøŶ£¡