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a footnote to history-第4部分
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of these; 〃you can be in a new conspiracy every day!〃 Many; on the
other hand; are sincerely concerned for the future of the country。
The quarters are so close and the scale is so small; that perhaps
not any one can be trusted always to preserve his temper。 Every
one tells everything he knows; that is our country sickness。
Nearly every one has been betrayed at times; and told a trifle
more; the way our sickness takes the predisposed。 And the news
flies; and the tongues wag; and fists are shaken。 Pot boil and
caldron bubble!
Within the memory of man; the white people of Apia lay in the worst
squalor of degradation。 They are now unspeakably improved; both
men and women。 To…day they must be called a more than fairly
respectable population; and a much more than fairly intelligent。
The whole would probably not fill the ranks of even an English
half…battalion; yet there are a surprising number above the average
in sense; knowledge; and manners。 The trouble (for Samoa) is that
they are all here after a livelihood。 Some are sharp
practitioners; some are famous (justly or not) for foul play in
business。 Tales fly。 One merchant warns you against his
neighbour; the neighbour on the first occasion is found to return
the compliment: each with a good circumstantial story to the
proof。 There is so much copra in the islands; and no more; a man's
share of it is his share of bread; and commerce; like politics; is
here narrowed to a focus; shows its ugly side; and becomes as
personal as fisticuffs。 Close at their elbows; in all this
contention; stands the native looking on。 Like a child; his true
analogue; he observes; apprehends; misapprehends; and is usually
silent。 As in a child; a considerable intemperance of speech is
accompanied by some power of secrecy。 News he publishes; his
thoughts have often to be dug for。 He looks on at the rude career
of the dollar…hunt; and wonders。 He sees these men rolling in a
luxury beyond the ambition of native kings; he hears them accused
by each other of the meanest trickery; he knows some of them to be
guilty; and what is he to think? He is strongly conscious of his
own position as the common milk…cow; and what is he to do? 〃Surely
these white men on the beach are not great chiefs?〃 is a common
question; perhaps asked with some design of flattering the person
questioned。 And one; stung by the last incident into an unusual
flow of English; remarked to me: 〃I begin to be weary of white men
on the beach。〃
But the true centre of trouble; the head of the boil of which Samoa
languishes; is the German firm。 From the conditions of business; a
great island house must ever be an inheritance of care; and it
chances that the greatest still afoot has its chief seat in Apia
bay; and has sunk the main part of its capital in the island of
Upolu。 When its founder; John Caesar Godeffroy; went bankrupt over
Russian paper and Westphalian iron; his most considerable asset was
found to be the South Sea business。 This passed (I understand)
through the hands of Baring Brothers in London; and is now run by a
company rejoicing in the Gargantuan name of the DEUTSCHE HANDELS
UND PLANTAGEN GESELLSCHAFT FUR SUD…SEE INSELN ZU HAMBURG。 This
piece of literature is (in practice) shortened to the D。 H。 and P。
G。; the Old Firm; the German Firm; the Firm; and (among humorists)
the Long Handle Firm。 Even from the deck of an approaching ship;
the island is seen to bear its signature … zones of cultivation
showing in a more vivid tint of green on the dark vest of forest。
The total area in use is near ten thousand acres。 Hedges of
fragrant lime enclose; broad avenues intersect them。 You shall
walk for hours in parks of palm…tree alleys; regular; like soldiers
on parade; in the recesses of the hills you may stumble on a mill…
house; tolling and trembling there; fathoms deep in superincumbent
forest。 On the carpet of clean sward; troops of horses and herds
of handsome cattle may be seen to browse; and to one accustomed to
the rough luxuriance of the tropics; the appearance is of
fairyland。 The managers; many of them German sea…captains; are
enthusiastic in their new employment。 Experiment is continually
afoot: coffee and cacao; both of excellent quality; are among the
more recent outputs; and from one plantation quantities of
pineapples are sent at a particular season to the Sydney markets。
A hundred and fifty thousand pounds of English money; perhaps two
hundred thousand; lie sunk in these magnificent estates。 In
estimating the expense of maintenance quite a fleet of ships must
be remembered; and a strong staff of captains; supercargoes;
overseers; and clerks。 These last mess together at a liberal
board; the wages are high; and the staff is inspired with a strong
and pleasing sentiment of loyalty to their employers。
Seven or eight hundred imported men and women toil for the company
on contracts of three or of five years; and at a hypothetical wage
of a few dollars in the month。 I am now on a burning question:
the labour traffic; and I shall ask permission in this place only
to touch it with the tongs。 Suffice it to say that in Queensland;
Fiji; New Caledonia; and Hawaii it has been either suppressed or
placed under close public supervision。 In Samoa; where it still
flourishes; there is no regulation of which the public receives any
evidence; and the dirty linen of the firm; if there be any dirty;
and if it be ever washed at all; is washed in private。 This is
unfortunate; if Germans would believe it。 But they have no idea of
publicity; keep their business to themselves; rather affect to
〃move in a mysterious way;〃 and are naturally incensed by
criticisms; which they consider hypocritical; from men who would
import 〃labour〃 for themselves; if they could afford it; and would
probably maltreat them if they dared。 It is said the whip is very
busy on some of the plantations; it is said that punitive extra…
labour; by which the thrall's term of service is extended; has
grown to be an abuse; and it is complained that; even where that
term is out; much irregularity occurs in the repatriation of the
discharged。 To all this I can say nothing; good or bad。 A certain
number of the thralls; many of them wild negritos from the west;
have taken to the bush; harbour there in a state partly bestial; or
creep into the back quarters of the town to do a day's stealthy
labour under the nose of their proprietors。 Twelve were arrested
one morning in my own boys' kitchen。 Farther in the bush; huts;
small patches of cultivation; and smoking ovens; have been found by
hunters。 There are still three runaways in the woods of Tutuila;
whither they escaped upon a raft。 And the Samoans regard these
dark…skinned rangers with extreme alarm; the fourth refugee in
Tutuila was shot down (as I was told in that island) while carrying
off the virgin of a village; and tales of cannibalism run round the
country; and the natives shudder about the evening fire。 For the
Samoans are not cannibals; do not seem to remember when they were;
and regard the practice with a disfavour equal to our own。
The firm is Gulliver among the Lilliputs; and it must not be
forgotten; that while the small; independent traders are fighting
for their own hand; and inflamed with the usual jealousy against
corporations; the Germans are inspired with a sense of the
greatness of their affairs and interests。 The thought of the money
sunk; the sight of these costly and beautiful plantations; menaced
yearly by the returning forest; and the responsibility of
administering with one hand so many conjunct fortunes; might well
nerve the manager of such a company for desperate and questionable
deeds。 Upon this scale; commercial sharpness has an air of
patriotism; and I can imagine the man; so far from haggling over
the scourge for a few Solomon islanders; prepared to oppress rival
firms; overthrow inconvenient monarchs; and let loose the dogs of
war。 Whatever he may decide; he will not want for backing。 Every
clerk will be eager to be up and strike a blow; and most Germans in
the group; whatever they may babble of the firm over the walnuts
and the wine; will rally round the national concern at the approach
of difficulty。 They are so few … I am ashamed to give their
number; it were to challenge contradiction … they are so few; and
the amount of national capital buried at their feet is so vast;
that we must not wonder if they seem oppressed with greatness and
the sense of empire。 Other whites take part in our brabbles; while
temper holds out; with a certain schoolboy entertainment。 In the
Germans alone; no trace of humour is to be observed; and their
solemnity is accompanied by a touchiness often beyond belief。
Patriotism flies in arms about a hen; and if you comment upon the
colour of a Dutch umbrella; you have cast a stone against the
German Emperor。 I give one instance; typical although extreme。
One who had returned from Tutuila on the mail cutter complained of
the vermin with which she is infested。 He was suddenly and sharply
brought to a stand。 The ship of which he spoke; he was reminded;
was a German ship。
John Caesar Godeffroy himself had never visited the islands; his
sons and nephews came; indeed; but scarcely to reap laurels; and
the mainspring and headpiece of this great concern; until death
took him; was a certain remarkable man of the name of Theodor
Weber。 He was of an artful and commanding character; in the
smallest thing or the greatest; without fear or scruple; equally
able to affect; equally ready to adopt; the most engaging
politeness or the most imperious airs of domination。 It was he who
did most damage to rival traders; it was he who most harried the
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