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a footnote to history-第4部分

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of these; 〃you can be in a new conspiracy every day!〃  Many; on the 

other hand; are sincerely concerned for the future of the country。  

The quarters are so close and the scale is so small; that perhaps 

not any one can be trusted always to preserve his temper。  Every 

one tells everything he knows; that is our country sickness。  

Nearly every one has been betrayed at times; and told a trifle 

more; the way our sickness takes the predisposed。  And the news 

flies; and the tongues wag; and fists are shaken。  Pot boil and 

caldron bubble!



Within the memory of man; the white people of Apia lay in the worst 

squalor of degradation。  They are now unspeakably improved; both 

men and women。  To…day they must be called a more than fairly 

respectable population; and a much more than fairly intelligent。  

The whole would probably not fill the ranks of even an English 

half…battalion; yet there are a surprising number above the average 

in sense; knowledge; and manners。  The trouble (for Samoa) is that 

they are all here after a livelihood。  Some are sharp 

practitioners; some are famous (justly or not) for foul play in 

business。  Tales fly。  One merchant warns you against his 

neighbour; the neighbour on the first occasion is found to return 

the compliment:  each with a good circumstantial story to the 

proof。  There is so much copra in the islands; and no more; a man's 

share of it is his share of bread; and commerce; like politics; is 

here narrowed to a focus; shows its ugly side; and becomes as 

personal as fisticuffs。  Close at their elbows; in all this 

contention; stands the native looking on。  Like a child; his true 

analogue; he observes; apprehends; misapprehends; and is usually 

silent。  As in a child; a considerable intemperance of speech is 

accompanied by some power of secrecy。  News he publishes; his 

thoughts have often to be dug for。  He looks on at the rude career 

of the dollar…hunt; and wonders。  He sees these men rolling in a 

luxury beyond the ambition of native kings; he hears them accused 

by each other of the meanest trickery; he knows some of them to be 

guilty; and what is he to think?  He is strongly conscious of his 

own position as the common milk…cow; and what is he to do?  〃Surely 

these white men on the beach are not great chiefs?〃 is a common 

question; perhaps asked with some design of flattering the person 

questioned。  And one; stung by the last incident into an unusual 

flow of English; remarked to me: 〃I begin to be weary of white men 

on the beach。〃



But the true centre of trouble; the head of the boil of which Samoa 

languishes; is the German firm。  From the conditions of business; a 

great island house must ever be an inheritance of care; and it 

chances that the greatest still afoot has its chief seat in Apia 

bay; and has sunk the main part of its capital in the island of 

Upolu。  When its founder; John Caesar Godeffroy; went bankrupt over 

Russian paper and Westphalian iron; his most considerable asset was 

found to be the South Sea business。  This passed (I understand) 

through the hands of Baring Brothers in London; and is now run by a 

company rejoicing in the Gargantuan name of the DEUTSCHE HANDELS 

UND PLANTAGEN GESELLSCHAFT FUR SUD…SEE INSELN ZU HAMBURG。  This 

piece of literature is (in practice) shortened to the D。 H。 and P。 

G。; the Old Firm; the German Firm; the Firm; and (among humorists) 

the Long Handle Firm。  Even from the deck of an approaching ship; 

the island is seen to bear its signature … zones of cultivation 

showing in a more vivid tint of green on the dark vest of forest。  

The total area in use is near ten thousand acres。  Hedges of 

fragrant lime enclose; broad avenues intersect them。  You shall 

walk for hours in parks of palm…tree alleys; regular; like soldiers 

on parade; in the recesses of the hills you may stumble on a mill…

house; tolling and trembling there; fathoms deep in superincumbent 

forest。  On the carpet of clean sward; troops of horses and herds 

of handsome cattle may be seen to browse; and to one accustomed to 

the rough luxuriance of the tropics; the appearance is of 

fairyland。  The managers; many of them German sea…captains; are 

enthusiastic in their new employment。  Experiment is continually 

afoot:  coffee and cacao; both of excellent quality; are among the 

more recent outputs; and from one plantation quantities of 

pineapples are sent at a particular season to the Sydney markets。  

A hundred and fifty thousand pounds of English money; perhaps two 

hundred thousand; lie sunk in these magnificent estates。  In 

estimating the expense of maintenance quite a fleet of ships must 

be remembered; and a strong staff of captains; supercargoes; 

overseers; and clerks。  These last mess together at a liberal 

board; the wages are high; and the staff is inspired with a strong 

and pleasing sentiment of loyalty to their employers。



Seven or eight hundred imported men and women toil for the company 

on contracts of three or of five years; and at a hypothetical wage 

of a few dollars in the month。  I am now on a burning question:  

the labour traffic; and I shall ask permission in this place only 

to touch it with the tongs。  Suffice it to say that in Queensland; 

Fiji; New Caledonia; and Hawaii it has been either suppressed or 

placed under close public supervision。  In Samoa; where it still 

flourishes; there is no regulation of which the public receives any 

evidence; and the dirty linen of the firm; if there be any dirty; 

and if it be ever washed at all; is washed in private。  This is 

unfortunate; if Germans would believe it。  But they have no idea of 

publicity; keep their business to themselves; rather affect to 

〃move in a mysterious way;〃 and are naturally incensed by 

criticisms; which they consider hypocritical; from men who would 

import 〃labour〃 for themselves; if they could afford it; and would 

probably maltreat them if they dared。  It is said the whip is very 

busy on some of the plantations; it is said that punitive extra…

labour; by which the thrall's term of service is extended; has 

grown to be an abuse; and it is complained that; even where that 

term is out; much irregularity occurs in the repatriation of the 

discharged。  To all this I can say nothing; good or bad。  A certain 

number of the thralls; many of them wild negritos from the west; 

have taken to the bush; harbour there in a state partly bestial; or 

creep into the back quarters of the town to do a day's stealthy 

labour under the nose of their proprietors。  Twelve were arrested 

one morning in my own boys' kitchen。  Farther in the bush; huts; 

small patches of cultivation; and smoking ovens; have been found by 

hunters。  There are still three runaways in the woods of Tutuila; 

whither they escaped upon a raft。  And the Samoans regard these 

dark…skinned rangers with extreme alarm; the fourth refugee in 

Tutuila was shot down (as I was told in that island) while carrying 

off the virgin of a village; and tales of cannibalism run round the 

country; and the natives shudder about the evening fire。  For the 

Samoans are not cannibals; do not seem to remember when they were; 

and regard the practice with a disfavour equal to our own。



The firm is Gulliver among the Lilliputs; and it must not be 

forgotten; that while the small; independent traders are fighting 

for their own hand; and inflamed with the usual jealousy against 

corporations; the Germans are inspired with a sense of the 

greatness of their affairs and interests。  The thought of the money 

sunk; the sight of these costly and beautiful plantations; menaced 

yearly by the returning forest; and the responsibility of 

administering with one hand so many conjunct fortunes; might well 

nerve the manager of such a company for desperate and questionable 

deeds。  Upon this scale; commercial sharpness has an air of 

patriotism; and I can imagine the man; so far from haggling over 

the scourge for a few Solomon islanders; prepared to oppress rival 

firms; overthrow inconvenient monarchs; and let loose the dogs of 

war。  Whatever he may decide; he will not want for backing。  Every 

clerk will be eager to be up and strike a blow; and most Germans in 

the group; whatever they may babble of the firm over the walnuts 

and the wine; will rally round the national concern at the approach 

of difficulty。  They are so few … I am ashamed to give their 

number; it were to challenge contradiction … they are so few; and 

the amount of national capital buried at their feet is so vast; 

that we must not wonder if they seem oppressed with greatness and 

the sense of empire。  Other whites take part in our brabbles; while 

temper holds out; with a certain schoolboy entertainment。  In the 

Germans alone; no trace of humour is to be observed; and their 

solemnity is accompanied by a touchiness often beyond belief。  

Patriotism flies in arms about a hen; and if you comment upon the 

colour of a Dutch umbrella; you have cast a stone against the 

German Emperor。  I give one instance; typical although extreme。  

One who had returned from Tutuila on the mail cutter complained of 

the vermin with which she is infested。  He was suddenly and sharply 

brought to a stand。  The ship of which he spoke; he was reminded; 

was a German ship。



John Caesar Godeffroy himself had never visited the islands; his 

sons and nephews came; indeed; but scarcely to reap laurels; and 

the mainspring and headpiece of this great concern; until death 

took him; was a certain remarkable man of the name of Theodor 

Weber。  He was of an artful and commanding character; in the 

smallest thing or the greatest; without fear or scruple; equally 

able to affect; equally ready to adopt; the most engaging 

politeness or the most imperious airs of domination。  It was he who 

did most damage to rival traders; it was he who most harried the 
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