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a footnote to history-第6部分
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king downward; to evade the law and deprive the Germans of their
profits。 In 1883; accordingly; the consul; Dr。 Stuebel; extorted a
convention on the subject; in terms of which Samoans convicted of
offences against German subjects were to be confined in a private
gaol belonging to the German firm。 To Dr。 Stuebel it seemed simple
enough: the offenders were to be effectually punished; the
sufferers partially indemnified。 To the Samoans; the thing
appeared no less simple; but quite different: 〃Malietoa was selling
Samoans to Misi Ueba。〃 What else could be expected? Here was a
private corporation engaged in making money; to it was delegated;
upon a question of profit and loss; one of the functions of the
Samoan crown; and those who make anomalies must look for comments。
Public feeling ran unanimous and high。 Prisoners who escaped from
the private gaol were not recaptured or not returned and Malietoa
hastened to build a new prison of his own; whither he conveyed; or
pretended to convey; the fugitives。 In October 1885 a trenchant
state paper issued from the German consulate。 Twenty prisoners;
the consul wrote; had now been at large for eight months from
Weber's prison。 It was pretended they had since then completed
their term of punishment elsewhere。 Dr。 Stuebel did not seek to
conceal his incredulity; but he took ground beyond; he declared the
point irrelevant。 The law was to be enforced。 The men were
condemned to a certain period in Weber's prison; they had run away;
they must now be brought back and (whatever had become of them in
the interval) work out the sentence。 Doubtless Dr。 Stuebel's
demands were substantially just; but doubtless also they bore from
the outside a great appearance of harshness; and when the king
submitted; the murmurs of the people increased。
But Weber was not yet content。 The law had to be enforced;
property; or at least the property of the firm; must be respected。
And during an absence of the consul's; he seems to have drawn up
with his own hand; and certainly first showed to the king; in his
own house; a new convention。 Weber here and Weber there。 As an
able man; he was perhaps in the right to prepare and propose
conventions。 As the head of a trading company; he seems far out of
his part to be communicating state papers to a sovereign。 The
administration of justice was the colour; and I am willing to
believe the purpose; of the new paper; but its effect was to depose
the existing government。 A council of two Germans and two Samoans
were to be invested with the right to make laws and impose taxes as
might be 〃desirable for the common interest of the Samoan
government and the German residents。〃 The provisions of this
council the king and vice…king were to sign blindfold。 And by a
last hardship; the Germans; who received all the benefit; reserved
a right to recede from the agreement on six months' notice; the
Samoans; who suffered all the loss; were bound by it in perpetuity。
I can never believe that my friend Dr。 Stuebel had a hand in
drafting these proposals; I am only surprised he should have been a
party to enforcing them; perhaps the chief error in these islands
of a man who has made few。 And they were enforced with a rigour
that seems injudicious。 The Samoans (according to their own
account) were denied a copy of the document; they were certainly
rated and threatened; their deliberation was treated as contumacy;
two German war…ships lay in port; and it was hinted that these
would shortly intervene。
Succeed in frightening a child; and he takes refuge in duplicity。
〃Malietoa;〃 one of the chiefs had written; 〃we know well we are in
bondage to the great governments。〃 It was now thought one tyrant
might be better than three; and any one preferable to Germany。 On
the 5th November 1885; accordingly; Laupepa; Tamasese; and forty…
eight high chiefs met in secret; and the supremacy of Samoa was
secretly offered to Great Britain for the second time in history。
Laupepa and Tamasese still figured as king and vice…king in the
eyes of Dr。 Stuebel; in their own; they had secretly abdicated;
were become private persons; and might do what they pleased without
binding or dishonouring their country。 On the morrow; accordingly;
they did public humiliation in the dust before the consulate; and
five days later signed the convention。 The last was done; it is
claimed; upon an impulse。 The humiliation; which it appeared to
the Samoans so great a thing to offer; to the practical mind of Dr。
Stuebel seemed a trifle to receive; and the pressure was continued
and increased。 Laupepa and Tamasese were both heavy; well…meaning;
inconclusive men。 Laupepa; educated for the ministry; still bears
some marks of it in character and appearance; Tamasese was in
private of an amorous and sentimental turn; but no one would have
guessed it from his solemn and dull countenance。 Impossible to
conceive two less dashing champions for a threatened race; and
there is no doubt they were reduced to the extremity of muddlement
and childish fear。 It was drawing towards night on the 10th; when
this luckless pair and a chief of the name of Tuiatafu; set out for
the German consulate; still minded to temporise。 As they went;
they discussed their case with agitation。 They could see the
lights of the German war…ships as they walked … an eloquent
reminder。 And it was then that Tamasese proposed to sign the
convention。 〃It will give us peace for the day;〃 said Laupepa;
〃and afterwards Great Britain must decide。〃 … 〃Better fight Germany
than that!〃 cried Tuiatafu; speaking words of wisdom; and departed
in anger。 But the two others proceeded on their fatal errand;
signed the convention; writing themselves king and vice…king; as
they now believed themselves to be no longer; and with childish
perfidy took part in a scene of 〃reconciliation〃 at the German
consulate。
Malietoa supposed himself betrayed by Tamasese。 Consul Churchward
states with precision that the document was sold by a scribe for
thirty…six dollars。 Twelve days later at least; November 22nd; the
text of the address to Great Britain came into the hands of Dr。
Stuebel。 The Germans may have been wrong before; they were now in
the right to be angry。 They had been publicly; solemnly; and
elaborately fooled; the treaty and the reconciliation were both
fraudulent; with the broad; farcical fraudulency of children and
barbarians。 This history is much from the outside; it is the
digested report of eye…witnesses; it can be rarely corrected from
state papers; and as to what consuls felt and thought; or what
instructions they acted under; I must still be silent or proceed by
guess。 It is my guess that Stuebel now decided Malietoa Laupepa to
be a man impossible to trust and unworthy to be dealt with。 And it
is certain that the business of his deposition was put in hand at
once。 The position of Weber; with his knowledge of things native;
his prestige; and his enterprising intellect; must have always made
him influential with the consul: at this juncture he was
indispensable。 Here was the deed to be done; here the man of
action。 〃Mr。 Weber rested not;〃 says Laupepa。 It was 〃like the
old days of his own consulate;〃 writes Churchward。 His messengers
filled the isle; his house was thronged with chiefs and orators; he
sat close over his loom; delightedly weaving the future。 There was
one thing requisite to the intrigue; … a native pretender; and the
very man; you would have said; stood waiting: Mataafa; titular of
Atua; descended from both the royal lines; late joint king with
Tamasese; fobbed off with nothing in the time of the Lackawanna
treaty; probably mortified by the circumstance; a chief with a
strong following; and in character and capacity high above the
native average。 Yet when Weber's spiriting was done; and the
curtain rose on the set scene of the coronation; Mataafa was
absent; and Tamasese stood in his place。 Malietoa was to be
deposed for a piece of solemn and offensive trickery; and the man
selected to replace him was his sole partner and accomplice in the
act。 For so strange a choice; good ground must have existed; but
it remains conjectural: some supposing Mataafa scratched as too
independent; others that Tamasese had indeed betrayed Laupepa; and
his new advancement was the price of his treachery。
So these two chiefs began to change places like the scales of a
balance; one down; the other up。 Tamasese raised his flag (Jan。
28th; 1886) in Leulumoenga; chief place of his own province of
Aana; usurped the style of king; and began to collect and arm a
force。 Weber; by the admission of Stuebel; was in the market
supplying him with weapons; so were the Americans; so; but for our
salutary British law; would have been the British; for wherever
there is a sound of battle; there will the traders be gathered
together selling arms。 A little longer; and we find Tamasese
visited and addressed as king and majesty by a German commodore。
Meanwhile; for the unhappy Malietoa; the road led downward。 He was
refused a bodyguard。 He was turned out of Mulinuu; the seat of his
royalty; on a land claim of Weber's; fled across the Mulivai; and
〃had the coolness〃 (German expression) to hoist his flag in Apia。
He was asked 〃in the most polite manner;〃 says the same account …
〃in the most delicate manner in the world;〃 a reader of Marryat
might be tempted to amend the phrase; … to strike his flag in his
own capital; and on his 〃refusal to accede to this request;〃 Dr。
Stuebel appeared himself with ten men and an officer from the
cruiser ALBATROSS; a sailor climbed into the tree and brought down
the flag of Samoa; which was carefully folded; and sent; 〃in the
most polite manner;
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