memoirs of general william t. sherman-1-第38部分

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ther　as　my　memory　of　them；　the　effect　they　had　on　me　personally；　and　to　what　extent　they　influenced　my　personal　conduct。

South　Carolina　seceded　December　20；　1860；　and　Mississippi　soon　after。　　Emissaries　came　to　Louisiana　to　influence　the　Governor；　Legislature；　and　people；　and　it　was　the　common　assertion　that；　if　all　the　Cotton　States　would　follow　the　lead　of　South　Carolina；　it　would　diminish　the　chances　of　civil　war；　because　a　bold　and　determined　front　would　deter　the　General　Government　from　any　measures　of　coercion。　　About　this　time　also；　viz。；　early　in　December；　we　received　Mr。　Buchanan's　annual　message　to　Congress；　in　which　he　publicly　announced　that　the　General　Government　had　no　constitutional　power　to　〃coerce　a　State。〃　　I　confess　this　staggered　me；　and　I　feared　that　the　prophecies　and　assertions　of　Alison　and　other　European　commentators　on　our　form　of　government　were　right；　and　that　our　Constitution　was　a　mere　rope　of　sand；　that　would　break　with　the　first　pressure。

The　Legislature　of　Louisiana　met　on　the　10th　of　December；　and　passed　an　act　calling　a　convention　of　delegates　from　the　people；　to　meet　at　Baton　Rouge；　on　the　8th　of　January；　to　take　into　consideration　the　state　of　the　Union；　and；　although　it　was　universally　admitted　that　a　large　majority　of　the　voters　of　the　State　were　opposed　to　secession；　disunion；　and　all　the　steps　of　the　South　Carolinians；　yet　we　saw　that　they　were　powerless；　and　that　the　politicians　would　sweep　them　along　rapidly　to　the　end；　prearranged　by　their　leaders　in　Washington。　　Before　the　ordinance　of　secession　was　passed；　or　the　convention　had　assembled；　on　the　faith　of　a　telegraphic　dispatch　sent　by　the　two　Senators；　Benjamin　and　Slidell；　from　their　seats　in　the　United　States　Senate　at　Washington；　Governor　Moore　ordered　the　seizure　of　all　the　United　States　forts　at　the　mouth　of　the　Mississippi　and　Lake　Pontchartrain；　and　of　the　United　States　arsenal　at　Baton　Rouge。　The　forts　had　no　garrisons；　but　the　arsenal　was　held　by　a　small　company　of　artillery；　commanded　by　Major　Haskins；　a　most　worthy　and　excellent　officer；　who　had　lost　an　arm　in　Mexico。　　I　remember　well　that　I　was　strongly　and　bitterly　impressed　by　the　seizure　of　the　arsenal；　which　occurred　on　January　10；　1861。

When　I　went　first　to　Baton　Rouge；　in　1859；　en　route　to　Alexandria；　I　found　Captain　Rickett's　company　of　artillery　stationed　in　the　arsenal；　but　soon　after　there　was　somewhat　of　a　clamor　on　the　Texas　frontier　about　Brownsville；　which　induced　the　War　Department　to　order　Rickett's　company　to　that　frontier。　　I　remember　that　Governor　Moore　remonstrated　with　the　Secretary　of　War　because　so　much　dangerous　property；　composed　of　muskets；　powder；　etc。；　had　been　left　by　the　United　States　unguarded；　in　a　parish　where　the　slave　population　was　as　five　or　six　to　one　of　whites；　and　it　was　on　his　official　demand　that　the　United　States　Government　ordered　Haskinss　company　to　replace　Rickett's。　　This　company　did　not　number　forty　men。　　In　the　night　of　January　9th；　about　five　hundred　New　Orleans　militia；　under　command　of　a　Colonel　Wheat；　went　up　from　New　Orleans　by　boat；　landed；　surrounded　the　arsenal；　and　demanded　its　surrender。　　Haskins　was　of　course　unprepared　for　such　a　step；　yet　he　at　first　resolved　to　defend　the　post　as　he　best　could　with　his　small　force。　　But　Bragg；　who　was　an　old　army　acquaintance　of　his；　had　a　parley　with　him；　exhibited　to　him　the　vastly　superior　force　of　his　assailants；　embracing　two　field…batteries；　and　offered　to　procure　for　him　honorable　terms；　to　march　out　with　drums　and　colors；　and　to　take　unmolested　passage　in　a　boat　up　to　St。　Louis；　alleging；　further；　that　the　old　Union　was　at　an　end；　and　that　a　just　settlement　would　be　made　between　the　two　new　fragments　for　all　the　property　stored　in　the　arsenal。　　Of　course　it　was　Haskins's　duty　to　have　defended　his　post　to　the　death；　but　up　to　that　time　the　national　authorities　in　Washington　had　shown　such　pusillanimity；　that　the　officers　of　the　army　knew　not　what　to　do。　The　result；　anyhow；　was　that　Haskins　surrendered　his　post；　and　at　once　embarked　for　St。　Louis。　　The　arms　and　munitions　stored　in　the　arsenal　were　scatteredsome　to　Mississippi；　some　to　New　Orleans；　some　to　Shreveport；　and　to　me；　at　the　Central　Arsenal；　were　consigned　two　thousand　muskets；　three　hundred　Jager　rifles；　and　a　large　amount　of　cartridges　and　ammunition。　　The　invoices　were　signed　by　the　former　ordnance…sergeant；　Olodowski；　as　a　captain　of　ordnance；　and　I　think　he　continued　such　on　General　Bragg's　staff　through　the　whole　of　the　subsequent　civil　war。　　These　arms；　etc。；　came　up　to　me　at　Alexandria；　with　orders　from　Governor　Moore　to　receipt　for　and　account　for　them。　　Thus　I　was　made　the　receiver　of　stolen　goods；　and　these　goods　the　property　of　the　United　States。　This　grated　hard　on　my　feelings　as　an　ex…army…officer；　and　on　counting　the　arms　I　noticed　that　thqy　were　packed　in　the　old　familiar　boxes；　with　the　〃U。　S。〃　　simply　scratched　off。　　General　G。　Mason　Graham　had　resigned　as　the　chairman　of　the　Executive　Committee；　and　Dr。　S。　A。　Smith；　of　Alexandria；　then　a　member　of　the　State　Senate；　had　succeeded　him　as　chairman；　and　acted　as　head　of　the　Board　of　Supervisors。　　At　the　time　I　was　in　most　intimate　correspondence　with　all　of　these　parties；　and　our　letters　must　have　been　full　of　politics；　but　I　have　only　retained　copies　of　a　few　of　the　letters；　which　I　will　embody　in　this　connection；　as　they　will　show；　better　than　by　any　thing　I　can　now　recall；　the　feelings　of　parties　at　that　critical　period。　　The　seizure　of　the　arsenal　at　Baton　Rouge　occurred　January　10；　1861；　and　the　secession　ordinance　was　not　passed　until　about　the　25th　or　26th　of　the　same　month。　　At　all　events；　after　the　seizure　of　the　arsenal；　and　before　the　passage　of　the　ordinance　of　secession；　viz。；　on　the　18th　of　January；　I　wrote　as　follows：


Louisiana　State　Seminary　of　Learning　and　Military　Academy　January　18；　1861

Governor　THOMAS　O。　MOORE；　Baton；　Rouge；　Louisiana。

Sir　：　As　I　occupy　a　quasi…military　position　under　the　laws　of　the　State；　I　deem　it　proper　to　acquaint　you　that　I　accepted　such　position　when　Louisiana　was　a　State　in　the　Union；　and　when　the　motto　of　this　seminary　was　inserted　in　marble　over　the　main　door：　〃By　the　liberality　of　the　General　Government　of　the　United　States。　The　Unionesto　perpetua。〃

Recent　events　foreshadow　a　great　change；　and　it　becomes　all　men　to　choose。　　If　Louisiana　withdraw　from　the　Federal　Union；　I　prefer　to　maintain　my　allegiance　to　the　Constitution　as　long　as　a　fragment　of　it　survives；　and　my　longer　stay　here　would　be　wrong　in　every　sense　of　the　word。

In　that　event；　I　beg　you　will　send　or　appoint　some　authorized　agent　to　take　charge　of　the　arms　and　munitions　of　war　belonging　to　the　State；　or　advise　me　what　disposition　to　make　of　them。

And　furthermore；　as　president　of　the　Board　of　Supervisors；　I　beg　you　to　take　immediate　steps　to　relieve　me　as　superintendent；　the　moment　the　State　determines　to　secede；　for　on　no　earthly　account　will　I　do　any　act　or　think　any　thought　hostile　to　or　in　defiance　of　the　old　Government　of　the　United　States。

With　great　respect；　your　obedient　servant；

W。　T。　SHERMAN；　Superintendent。



＇PRIVATE。＇

January　18；　1861。

To　Governor　Moore：

My　Dear　Sir：　I　take　it　for　granted　that　you　have　been　expecting　for　some　days　the　accompanying　paper　from　me　（the　above　official　letter）。　　I　have　repeatedly　and　again　made　known　to　General　Graham　and　Dr。　Smith　that；　in　the　event　of　a　severance　of　the　relations　hitherto　existing　between　the　Confederated　States　of　this　Union；　I　would　be　forced　to　choose　the　old　Union。　　It　is　barely　possible　all　the　States　may　secede；　South　and　North；　that　new　combinations　may　result；　but　this　process　will　be　one　of　time　and　uncertainty；　and　I　cannot　with　my　opinions　await　the　subsequent　development。

I　have　never　been　a　politician；　and　therefore　undervalue　the　excited　feelings　and　opinions　of　present　rulers；　but　I　do　think；　if　this　people　cannot　execute　a　form　of　government　like　the　present；　that　a　worse　one　will　result。

I　will　keep　the　cadets　as　quiet　as　possible。　　They　are　nervous；　but　I　think　the　interest　of　the　State　requires　them　here；　guarding　this　property；　and　acquiring　a　knowledge　which　will　be　useful　to　your　State　in　after…times。

When　I　leave；　which　I　now　regard　as　certain；　the　present　professors　can　manage　well　enough；　to　afford　you　leisure　time　to　find　a　suitable　successor　to　me。　　You　might　order　Major　Smith　to　receipt　for　the　arms；　and　to　exercise　military　command；　while　the　academic　exercises　could　go　on　under　the　board。　　In　time；　some　gentleman　will　turn　up；　better　qualified　than　I　am；　to　carry　on　the　seminary　to　its　ultimate　point　of　success。　　I　entertain　the　kindest　feelings　toward　all；　and　would　leave　the　State　with　much　regret；　only　in　great　events　we　must　choose；　one　way　or　the　other。

Truly；　your　friend；

W。　T。　SHERMAN



January　19；　1881Saturday。

Dr。　S。　A。　Smith；　President　Board　of　Supervisors；　Baton　Rouge；　Louisiana。

Dear　Sir　：　I　have　just　finished　my　quarterly　reports　to　the　parents　of　all　the　cadets　here；　or　who　have　been　here。　　All　my　books　of　account　are　written　up　to　date。　　All　bills　for　the　houses；　fences；　etc。；　are　settled；　and　nothing　now　remains　but　the　daily　tontine　of　recitations　and　drills。　　I　have　written　officially　and　unofficially　to　Governor　Moore；　that　with　my　opinions　of　the　claimed　right　of　accession；　of　the　seizure　of　public　forts；　arsenals；　etc。；　and　the　ignominious　capture　of　a　United　States　garrison；　stationed　in　your　midst；　as　a　guard　to　the　arsenal　and　for　the　protection　of　your　own　people；　it　would　be　highly　improper　for　me　longer　to　remain。　　No　great　inconvenience　can　result　to　the　seminary。　　I　will　be　the　chief　loser。　　I　came　down　two　months　before　my　pay　commenced。　　I　made　sacrifices　in　Kansas　to　enable　me　thus　to　obey　the　call　of　Governor　Wickliffe；　and　you　know　that　last　winter　I　declined　a　most　advantageous　offer　of　employment　abroad；　and　thus　far　I　have　received　nothing　as　superintendent　of　the　arsenal；　though　I　went　to　Washington　and　New　York　（at　my　own　expense）　on　the　faith　of　the　five　hundred　dollars　salary　promised。

These　are　all　small　matters　in　comparison　with　those　involved　in　the　present　state　of　the　country；　which　will　cause　sacrifices　by　millions；　instead　of　by　hundred